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AP Human Geography 3
Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Folk culture (folkways) | Practiced by small homogenous groups, usually in rural areas |
| Global culture | Culture traits of a large, heterogeneous, globalized group (same as popular culture) |
| Indigenous culture | A type of folk culture practiced by natives, people in their homeland |
| Language | A system of communication that consists of sounds, symbols, and gestures used by humans to convey thoughts, ideas, and emotions. |
| Local culture | Culture traits of a usually small, homogeneous, rural group (same as folk culture) |
| Logogram | A written character used to represent a word or concept |
| Orthography | A system of using words and symbols to represent a language. |
| Popular culture | Practiced by large heterogeneous groups, even though they have diverse beliefs and characteristics. |
| Taboo | A restriction caused by a social custom. |
| Terroir | The effect a land has that changes the food produced there. |
| Agnosticism | The belief that the existence of God can’t be confirmed or denied; unprovable. |
| Animism | The belief that everything (living and nonliving) holds a spirit or soul and they must be respected. |
| Atheism | The belief that God or any higher power does not exist; opposite of theism |
| Caste | A system where a person’s social group is based on birth; determines their life. |
| Ghetto | An area within a city where a specific group is forced to be. |
| Isogloss | A boundary line that divides two distinct linguistic regions (could be any difference, from a change in word to entirely different languages. |
| Monotheism | The belief that there is only one God. |
| Pagan | A person who believes in a polytheistic religion (multiple Gods). |
| Polytheism | The belief that there are multiple Gods. |
| Solstice | an astronomical event where the Earth's axial of rotation is point directly towards or away from the sun. |
| Developing language | A language beginning to form, starting with sounds, gestures, and later words and sentences. |
| Hierarchical Religion | A religious system with a well-defined structure with different levels. |
| Institutionalized language | The dominant language used by the society within major institutions like government, education systems, and the workplace. |
| Official language | The main language(s) of a country and used by the government; must be translated to all languages. |
| Standard language | The “main version” of a language, often used by the government, that hasn't undergone variations. |
| Vigorous language | A language that is spoken daily and has verbal words, but no standardized written form. |
| Missionary | A person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country. |
| Mono-, bi-, multi-lingual | A person that speaks a certain number of languages. |
| Monolingual | One language |
| Bilingual | Two languages |
| Multilingual | Multiple languages |
| Pilgrimage | A quest to a sacred or holy place, often for religious reason, which involves moving from one place to another. |
| Creole language | A combination of a colonizer’s language and the native language that becomes the primary language of the region. |
| Ebonics | A dialect of the English language used by African Americans. |
| Extinct language | A language with no native speakers alive and is no longer used by a community for communication. |
| Isolated language | A language that isn’t connected to any other language; singled out from any language family. |
| Lingua franca | An international combination of multiple native languages to communicate with each other. |
| Literary tradition | The written form of a language. |
| Pidgin language | A simplified version of a language that is used by people, often as an additional language to the native. |
| Media imperialism | The phenomenon where a powerful country uses the media to create mass influence on other countries. |
| Autonomous Religion | A religious system that lacks a central authority figure or hierarchical structure |
| Branch (religious) | A large, fundamental, division of a religion. |
| Congregation | A local group of people belonging to a specific religious denomination |
| Denomination | A division of a branch, made up of locals in the area. |
| Dialect | A variation of a language with distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation caused by isolation. |
| Ethnic Religion | A type of religion focused in a single place and spreads only through migration. |
| Language family | A collection of languages with a common ancestor. |
| Sect | A small group of people who separate from an established denomination. |
| Universalizing Religion | A type of religion that tries to spread across the world through conversion. |
| Acculturation | A process where a culture adopts aspects of another culture. |
| Assimilation | A process where a person of one culture adopts the customs, values, and behaviors of another culture. This causes them to lose their original culture identity. |
| Fundamentalism | A strict interpretation of religious texts where people stick to the basic principles of the faith, not modern interpretations. |
| Syncretism/Syncretic | The process of mixing multiple languages to create unique rituals, artwork, and beliefs. |
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