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chem unit 13
| reaction rate | how quickly a reaction takes, reactants go down products go up |
| t is for | time |
| q is for | quantity |
| avg rate | Qf-Qi/Tf-Ti |
| there no negativity why? | the speed of the car goes same backwards/forwards |
| m is for | molarity |
| s is for | seconds |
| if given 1 time | then the other is 0 |
| m/s and [ ] concentration | products/reactants |
| production is | products |
| reacts is | reactants |
| if given 1 time and 1 quantity then its | Q/T |
| measuring concentration is ? | always neg the rate is changing evenly therefore you change who you bonded it to but always write it as a positive |
| concentration of reactants? | up M up R.R |
| collision rate | how long it takes to run into each other |
| r.r | reaction rate |
| up m up r.r | reacting faster/taking less time |
| down m down r.r | dilating/slow down |
| surface area of reactant | (solid,)up s.a up r.r:down s.a down r.r (crush) breaking into tiny pieces |
| s.a | surface area |
| increasing is | reacting faster |
| temp of reactants (l,g,aq) | t up up r.r:t down r.r down |
| Ea | activation energy |
| speed | reaction rate |
| catalyst | affect energy pathway and how much activation energy decreases by increasing reaction rates speed making products faster |
| inhibitors | increases activation energy making it react by decreasing the reaction rate |
| reversible reaction | a chemical reaction that can react in both ways at the same time for the most part |
| chemical equilibrium | a reversible reaction (speed) reaction rate equal in both directions |
| rate (decreases) with time | slows down (m) decreases |
| dynamic nature of equilibrium | if the reactants was left alone the reaction would continue on forever |
| law of mass action is | law chemical equilibrium |
| p is | products |
| r is | reactants |
| equilibrium constants (Keq) | aA+bB right left arrows cC+dD |
| forward rate is | right |
| reverse rate is | left |
| capital | substance,element,compound,or ions |
| equilibrium (Ea at temp(T) | [p]/[r] are Keq |
| Keq>1 | more products than reactants at Ea |
| Keq<1 | more reactants than products at Ea |
| homogenous equilibrium (gas) | Keq p/r the number infront of reactants or products put it on the outside of box gas only |
| heterogenous equilibrium | solid or liquids and gas all of it together |
| determining equilibrium | reaction rate equal at both directions |
| large Keq | mostly products produced |
| small Keq | mostly reactants produced |
| around 1 | both products and reacts produced |
| Qeq>Keq | reaction will go to the left (make reactants) |
| Qeq<Keq | reaction will go to the right (make products) |
| Qeq=Keq | reaction mixture at equilibrium |
| Qeq is if p is too big | has to give to r |
| Qeq id r is too big | has to give to p |
| changes in concentration | is causing a change in reaction rate system reestablishes a new equilibrium |
| change in enthalpy (-) | is bigger and exo right endo left |
| change in enthalpy (+) | is smaller endo right exo left |
| up t :up p | (endo up more)both increasing but endo speeds up more |
| down t:down r.r | (endo down more) slows down more |
| Boyles law | P1 V1=P2 V2 |
| V up : P down | (Same for p) more gas increases |
| V down : P up | (Same for p) less gas decreases |
| shirt towards | goes up |
| shift away | goes down |
| the side you remove on | you stay on that side |
| the side you add on | you go the opposite way |
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