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Kosten kemisk set

Lidt om carbohydrater, fedtstoffer og proteiner

QuestionAnswer
Hvor mange carbon-atomer består monosaccharider af? 3 til 7.
Hvad kaldes monosaccharider med 6 carbon-atomer? Hexoser.
Hvordan dannes disaccharider? Ved kondensation af to molekyler monosaccharid.
Hvad består polysaccharider af? Mange molekyler monosaccharid.
Hvad er definitionen på et fedstof (lipid)? Biologiske stoffer, der er uopløselige i vand, men opløselige i svagt polære eller upolære opløsningsmidler, eksempelvis heptan.
Hvad består et triglycerid af? Et glycerol-molekyle og tre fedtsyrer.
Hvad er forskellen på mættede, monoumættede og polyumættede fedtsyrer? mættede fedtsyrer har ingen dobbeltbinding, monoumættede har en, og polyumættede har to eller flere.
Hvad beskriver iodtallet for et fedtstof? Fedtstoffets grad af umættethed.
Hvad består proteiner af? Aminosyrer bundet sammen i lange kæder, også kaldet peptidkæder.
Hvad kaldes de bindinger, som findes i proteiner? Peptidbindinger
Hvilke to rummelige former er typiske for peptidkæderne, og hvordan defineres de hver især? Foldebladsform: Flere peptidkæder liger ved siden af hinanden, holdes sammen af bindinger mellem N-H i den ene kæde og C=O i nabokæden. Spiralform: Kæderne danner en spiral, holdes sammen af bindinger mellem N-H i den ene vinding, og C=O i nabovindingen.
Hvorfor denaturerer æggehviden, når et æg koges? Proteiner udgør en væsentlig bestanddel af enzymer, og enzymet mister sin virkning, hvis proteinet denatureres. Dette sker, hvis det bliver udsat for for høj en temperatur.
Created by: Lakridsnn
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