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CH 13 AP HUG
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Urbanized area | the central city and the surrounding built up suburbs |
| Metropolitan statistical area | (MSA’s): at least 50,000 population county in which it is located; adjacent counties with high population and a large % of residents working in the central city’s county |
| Micropolitan statistical area (M. μ. S. A) | a geographic region that consists of a core urban area with a population between 10,000 and 49,999, plus adjacent counties with high social and economic integration. |
| combined statistical area | a large area that includes multiple Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and/or Micropolitan Statistical Areas (μSAs) that are economically and socially interconnected. |
| core-based statistical area | a geographic region that includes a central urban area and surrounding areas with a high degree of social and economic integration |
| primary statistical area | all Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) and any Core-Based Statistical Area (CBSA) that isn't part of a CSA |
| central city | a city surrounded by suburbs |
| urban cluster | a densely settled area with a population of at least 2,500 but fewer than 50,000 people |
| megalopolis | a very large, heavily populated city or urban complex |
| "Boswash" Corridor | a major megalopolis, a densely populated urban area, stretching from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C |
| Central business district or CBD | less than 1% of urban area but a large % of shops, offices, and public institutions It is a focal point for the regions transportation networks Makes it attractive to consumer and business services |
| "face-to-face" business and CBDs | Business services in the CBD Offices locate in CBDs because of accessibility Banks, Fire, law (often due to proximity of government agencies) By locating in CBD these businesses allow for more face to face contact |
| why are land values so high in the CBD? | little land left |
| why are skyscrapers in the CBD? | because these skyscrapers use the little land they have to the best of their ability at a cheaper price by building upwards |
| In a skyscraper what type of activity takes place on the street level floor? | retail businesses or public amenities |
| why do we not see manufacturing in the CBD? | because it is too expensive and not cost effective, also vertical factories are inefficient |
| what type of residential living would be common in the CBD? "Residential lofts" | condominiums, apartments, and townhouses |
| are CBD waterfronts still dominated by piers and warehouses? | no because that would not be very cost effective |
| concentric zone model(know everything) | The concentric zone model, also known as the Burgess model, is a theory of urban growth that proposes cities develop in concentric rings around a central business district (CBD) CBD, transition, worker homes, better residences, commuters |
| sector model(know everything) | The concentric zone model, also known as the Burgess model, is a theory of urban growth that proposes cities develop in concentric rings around a central business district (CBD) |
| multiple nuclei model(know everything) | The multiple nuclei model describes how cities develop around multiple centers rather than a single CBD. These nuclei can be areas like industrial zones, residential areas, or shopping districts, influencing the overall use and movement patterns. |
| edge cities are most closely associated with which model? | the multiple nuclei model |
| why did edge cities develop? | created due to the movement of jobs and commercial activity away from traditional city centers, the desire for cheaper land and better living conditions in suburban areas, and the development of major transportation infrastructure |
| census tracts | contain approximately 5,000 residents and correspond to neighborhood boundaries |
| social area analysis | Social area analysis: comparison of distributions of characteristics of an area |
| how are north american CBDs different than European CBDs? | A lot of Europeans still live in the inner rings of the city CBDs outside of the US are less dominated by commercial considerations Higher # of residents lead to more basic services in cities |
| Compare where low-income residents live in the U.S to Europe | Europe: Poor are located in the suburbs while the rich are concentrated in the cities US: Rich are located in the suburbs while the poor are concentrated in the cities |
| Informal settlements (squatter settlements) | LDCs can not provide housing for poor Cities growing due to migration from rural settlements of jobs Housing shortage no legal claim to land they live on Settlement have no standards Much housing is found on the outer ring of the city |
| Why are people attracted to the suburbs | People want a family life with more consumer services and schools |
| Explain the relationship between rising income levels and suburban growth | More income more suburban growth |
| What percentage of us residents live in the suburbs today | 54% |
| Annexation | Legally adding land to a city (normally only if annexed citizens agree) |
| Council of government | Cooperative agency consisting of representatives from various local governments |
| Consolidation of city and county governments…what does this mean… is it more efficient | Local governments are consolidated into 1 government which is more efficient |
| Problems of associated with fragmentation of local governments | Local government fragmentation makes it difficult to solve regional problems |
| Sprawl (suburban sprawl) | Developer select cheap land close to the city to turn into new housing sites This leads to suburban sprawl Sprawl: the development of suburbs at relatively low density and that are not contiguous to an existing built-up area |
| Density gradient | As distance from the city increases the number of houses decreases |
| How has the us density gradient changed | becoming more uneven, cities had a clear gradient, with higher population in the CBD gradually decreasing outward. However, this pattern has been altered by factors like urban revitalization, economic disparities, and changing housing preferences. |
| Smart growth | laws to limit suburban growth and protect farmland |
| European greenbelts | Cities surrounded by mandatory greenbelts which protect open space but Restrictions have driven up the price of houses |
| Zoning ordinances | laws that limit the permitted use of the land |
| Most daily automobile trips are for what reason | social/recreational in nature |
| How did the us government encourage the use of cars | Through investment in road infrastructure |
| Benefits of public transportation (know all of them) | environmental advantages, reduced traffic congestion, economic savings, and improved health and safety. It also provides increased access to employment, education, and healthcare, and can contribute to a more active and connected community |
| Examples of public transit (know all of them) | Bus, train, light rail, metro, monorail, busway, cable car, ferry, rail transport, share taxi, tram, trolly bus, van pool, electric streetcars, water taxis, funicular, high speed rail, para transit, subway, and heavy rail |
| Rush hour | The time when work starts/ends daily and traffic is frequent and Nonstop |
| Gentrification (be able to explain in depth) | the process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, typically displacing current inhabitants in the process |
| Public housing | government owned housing rented to low income families at 30% of the cost |
| Supply of public housing problems | Little supply of government housing nowadays |
| In the us where does the underclass live | Inner city neighborhoods |
| Explain what carbon capture and storage is (CCS) | involves capturing CO2 emissions from power plants and industries, then transporting and storing it in geological formations to prevent it from entering the atmosphere. This process helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change |
| You like having the freedom of owning your own car … but you are a hippie that loves the environment… how can you have both things? | Choosing an efficient vehicle or an electric one |
| People in the us generally do not live in the CBD… where do they live… this means they must do what on a daily basis | They live in the suburbs and they must commute |
| If you live in the suburbs and don’t own one of these, you have a problem | A car |
Created by:
caneegre000