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Apes Unit 9 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Montreal Protocol (1987) | An agreement on protection of the ozone layer in which states pledged to reduce and then eliminate use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is the most successful environmental treaty to date. |
| Ice Core Sampling | a method that measures gases trapped within meltwater to study past climates (using the water isotopes) (removes a long cylindric sample) |
| Kyoto Protocol | controlling global warming by setting greenhouse gas emissions targets for developed countries |
| wildlife cooridors | strips of protected land linking larger areas. They allow animals to move freely and safely between habitats that would otherwise be isolated by human activities. |
| habitat fragmentation | Breakup of a habitat into smaller pieces, usually as a result of human activities. (habitat loss is the #1 reason species are endangered) |
| invasive species | A species, often introduced by humans, that takes hold outside its native range. Are often generalist species. (causes harm) |
| positive feedback loop | feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction |
| Albedo | Ability of a surface to reflect light |
| Greenhouse gasses (GHG) | Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat near the surface Ex: carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and CFCs and HCFCs |
| Choloroflourocarbons (CFCs) | chemicals that have the potential to destroy the ozone; ex.) hair-spray, refrigeration, etc. |
| HIPPCO | Acronym used by conservation biologists for the six most important secondary causes of premature extinction: Habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation; Invasive species; Population growth,Pollution; Climate change; and Overexploitation. |
| Coral Bleaching | Occurs when a coral becomes stressed due to higher ocean temperatures. The coral expels most of its colorful algae, leaving them without food or color. |
| Anthropogenic | derived from human activities |
| carbonic acid | a very weak acid formed in solution when carbon dioxide dissolves in water. |
| Paris Climate Agreement | an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020. |
| ocean acidification | decreasing pH of ocean waters due to absorption of excess atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels CO2 + H20 yields 2H+ + CO32- |
| tipping point | the point at which a fundamental shift in the behavior of a system occurs |
| Stratospheric Ozone | good ozone, produces oxygen molecules to interact with UV radiation and prevent 95% of it from reaching the surface |
| HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons) | alternative to CFC's. Have a long atmospheric lifetime. Have a high GWP. |
| Global Warming Potential (GWP) | the greenhouse effect of different gases - the relative amount of heat a GHG will trap over a number of years in comparison to carbon dioxide for example: carbon dioxide = 1methane = 21nitrous oxide = 206 |
| greenhouse effect | warming that results when heat is trapped by the Greenhouse gases in the troposphere |
| Sea Level Rise | one result of global climate change, due to melting glaciers and ice caps and expansion of water due to increased ocean temperatures |
| Carbon Dioxide (CO2) | Most abundant greenhouse gas; GWP of 1; Comes from combustion of fossil fuels |
| Water Vapor | GHG with the least impact on climate change due to its short residency time |
| Antarctic Ozone Hole | A large area of significant stratospheric ozone depletion over the Antarctic continent that typically develops annually between late August and early October and generally ends in mid-November. Comes from ice melting in stratospheric clouds |
| Chlorine | The molecule in CFCs that destroy the ozone layer |
| Ocean Conveyer Belt System | a connected system of surface and deep ocean currents that moves heat between the polar and tropical regions. |
| Endangered species | A species whose numbers are so small that the species is at risk of extinction (often a specialist species) |
| Endangered Species Act | identifies threatened and endangered species in the US, and puts their protection ahead of economic considerations |
| CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) | Made hunting and trading endangered species illegal. |
Created by:
Yunuse