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CLTM 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of procedures can be performed to provoke epileptiform abnormalities? | HV, exercise, Photic Sleep dep, re-enactment of precipitating events. |
| What are the benefits of sleep recording during LTM? | Sleep disorders can often be confused with epilepsy disorders. Many patients display interictal epileptiform discharges during sleep. Unlikely to see psychogenic sz in sleep |
| Photo induced paroxysmal response in patients with absence epilepsy can be expected about what % of the time? | 20% |
| Name 4 essential strategies for infection prevention according to the joint commission: | Hand hygiene, contact precautions, disinfecting patient equipment, disinfecting the patients environment |
| What are 5 main routes of infection transmission? | Contact, droplet, airborne, vector borne, common vehicle (ex: improper hand washing) |
| Name 7 recommended sz precautions for the EMU: | Padded side rails, oxygen/suction, continuous monitoring of mental status, Turning pt on side, supporting the head during GTC, Vitals, Time event |
| What is the necessary length of time for hand washing according to the CDC? | 20 seconds |
| What are universal precautions? | A set of guidelines to prevent the transmission of blood borne pathogens from exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials. |
| Do electrodes fall under non-critical, semi-critical or critical? Why? | Semi-critical because abrasive skin prep is used |
| What is the best practice to properly identify a patient? | Use 2 identifiers (Name, DOB, MRN) |
| The resting membrane potential of a nerve cell is: | In a typical neuron, about -70 mV (varying from -40 to -80mV) and is negative on the inside of the cell membrane with respect to the outside |
| Normal cerebral blood flow level: | 50-70 mL/100g/min |
| At what blood flow level do EEG abnormalities begin to show? | 25-35 ml/100g/min |
| When does irreversible neuronal death begin? | 12ml.100g/min |
| How long before brain cells start to die when deprived of oxygen? | 3-5 minutes |
| Minimum threshold of time that it takes for irreversible neuronal death and electro cerebral inactivity due to lack of cerebral blood flow is: | 4 minutes |
| Broca's area | Located in the inferior frontal gyrus and functions in the production of written and spoken language/ expressive speech |
| Wernicke's area | Located in the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus of one hemisphere and functions in receptive speech and word comprehension |
| Transverse temporal gyrus | AKA Heschl's gyrus. Located in the primary auditory cortex as the first cortical structure to receive/ process most incoming auditory info |
| Angular gyrus | Somatosensory area of the parietal lobe, important in language function, # processing, spatial recognition, memory retrieval and attention |
| Insula | Deep in the lateral sulcus between the frontal and temporal lobes. Functions include perception, motor control, self awareness, interpersonal experiences, regulation of homeostasis, consciousness and emotion |
| Limbic system structures | Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia and cingulate gyrus |
| Limbic system location | Deep within the medial temporal lobe |
| Limbic system functions | Emotion, behavior, long term memory and olfaction. Serves as a bridge between autonomic and voluntary response to change in the environment |
| The primary auditory cortex located in the superior part of the temporal lobe is: | Heschl's gyrus |
| Damage to this area will result in expressive aphasia (hint: inferior frontal gyrus, Brodmann areas 44 and 45) | Broca's area |
| Damage to this area will result in receptive aphasia (hint: located in superior temporal gyrus of dominant hemisphere) | Wernicke's area |
| What areas of the brain house the cerebellum, pons, medulla and 4th ventricle and is the most common location of pediatric brain tumors? | Posterior fossa. 60% of pediatric tumors arise in the posterior fossa |
| In the 10-10 system, which electrode is lateral to T7? | T9 |
| In the 10-10 system, which electrode is medial to T8? | C6 |
| In the 10-10 system, which electrode is lateral to T8? | T10 |
| What is the acceptable application technique for disk electrodes per ACNS guidelines for LTM? | Collodion. Paste alone is not recommended |
| What is the recommended depth of sphenoidal electrodes? | Inserted bilaterally through the skin below the zygomatic arches in the direction of the foramen vale by a EEG tech or qualified physician. Flexible wire electrodes are placed 3-4cm deep |
| Intracranial electrodes are made from what? | Platinum or stainless steel |
| Sphenoidal electrodes record activity from the: | Mesial and anterior temporal lobe |
| What is the appropriate construction for sphenoidal electrodes? | Flexible braided wire. Sphenoidal electrodes should be insulated except at the tip |
| Sphenoidal electrodes are placed by who? | Physician |
| Who are foramen ovals electrodes placed by? | Neurosurgeon |
| What type of electrode detects mesial temporal discharges better than sphenoidal and scalp electrodes but is less invasive than intracerebral, grids and strip electrodes? (no skull penetration required) | Foramen ovale electrodes |
| Which types of electrodes are recommended for long term recordings? | Needle electrodes and nasopharyngeal |
| Name an MRI compatible material | Platinum and nichrome |
| Foramen ovale electrodes record from which structures? | Mesial temporal structures without requiring penetration of the skull. A 1x4 electrode is placed in the ambient cistern with the aid of a needle inserted through the foramen ovale |
| ACNS guidelines for LTM recommend a minimum storage capacity for how many hours of video/EEG? | 24 hours |
| ACNS guidelines for LTM recommend a minimum storage capacity of how many gigabytes of video/EEG? | 30 gigabytes |
| ACNS guidelines for LTM recommend a LFF setting of what? | 0.5hz or less |
| ACNS guidelines for LTM recommend a HFF of what? | 70hz or higher |
Created by:
hannahhenderson