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Ochem Quiz 5 stuff

CHM 242

QuestionAnswer
Ketone/Aldehyde to alcohol uses this reagent (aldehyde->primary alcohol; ketone--> secondary alcohol): Top Arrow: LiAlH4 (aka LAH) Bottom: H3O+ (or H2O) Top arrow:NaBh4, MeOH
What's a Hydrogen nucleophile When a ketone or aldehyde is treated with a hydride reducing agent, they are reduced to alcohols
What's the mechanism of hydrogen nucleophile? 1. Nucleophilic attack (H- on the LAH attacks ketone/aldehyde) 2. Proton transfer (the electrons on the O of ketone/aldehyde grab an H+ from the H3O+ (or H2O)
Name the carbon nucleophiles. 1. Grignard Reagents 2. Cyanohydrin formation 3. Wittig Reactions
What is a carbon nucleophile? When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with a carbon nucleophile, a new carbon-containing group is formed.
How does a grignard reagent affect aldehydes/ketones? When treated with a grignard reagent, the double bond O of aldehydes and ketones are converted into an alcohol group (OH) and a new carbon-carbon bond.
What is cyanohydrin formation in regards to aldehydes & ketones? -When treated with HCN, aldehydes and ketones are converted into cyanohydrins, which are characterized by the presence of a cyano group and a hydroxyl group connected to the same carbon atom -Needs mild basic conditions
What is a Wittig Reaction? The reaction converts a ketone or aldehyde into an alkene using an ylide by forming a new C=C bond at the location of the carbonyl group
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Created by: user-1742805
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