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cotton revolution
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What replaced sugar as the world’s major crop produced by slave labor in the 1800s? | Cotton |
What agricultural tool helped spread cotton production? | The cotton gin |
What type of economy remained dominant in the South during the Market Revolution? | Agricultural and plantation-based |
What did the South reproduce as it expanded westward? | The agrarian, slave-based social order |
How many people were involved in the domestic slave trade? | More than 2 million |
What was the name given to the domestic slave trade route? | The “Second Middle Passage” |
Why did older southern states like Virginia rely on the domestic slave trade? | To sell enslaved people to the Deep South for cotton plantations |
Could the Cotton Kingdom have arisen without the domestic slave trade? | No |
Which slave trading company was based in Alexandria, Virginia? | Franklin and Armfield Slave Trading Company |
What types of transportation moved enslaved people and goods? | Ships and railroads |
What did Northern companies do to participate in the slave economy? | Insured slave property and transported cotton |
What did Northern factories use cotton for? | To manufacture cloth |
How did money from the cotton trade benefit the North? | It financed industrial development and internal improvements |
Who profited from the slave economy besides the South? | Northern merchants and manufacturers |
What percent of the world’s cotton supply came from the southern U.S.? | 75% |
Name at least three global regions that used Southern U.S. cotton. | England, France, Germany, Massachusetts, New York, Russia |
What argument did John C. Calhoun make about slavery in 1837? | He said it was a “safe and stable basis for free institutions” |
What was the term for the Southern justification of slavery through caring for dependents? | Paternalism |
How did many pro-slavery individuals justify slavery using religion? | They used Bible verses like “servants should obey their masters” |
What was a core part of the pro-slavery argument? | Racism |
Why did some say slavery was essential to human progress? | They believed it enabled economic freedom for white people |
What did many white Southerners believe about themselves in relation to the American Revolution? | They saw themselves as the true heirs of liberty and independence |
What did John C. Calhoun say about the Declaration of Independence? | That its claim of equality was “the most false and dangerous of all political errors” |
How did Southern leaders describe inequality? | As a “fundamental law” of human existence |
What revolution led to Haiti becoming independent and ending slavery? | The Haitian Revolution |
When did the British abolish slavery in their empire? | 1833 |
By 1840, where had slavery been abolished in Spanish America? | Mexico, Central America, Chile |
What did Solomon Northup write in Twelve Years a Slave about the slave market scene? | “It was a mournful scene indeed. I would have cried myself if I had dared.” |
What did banks do in relation to slavery? | Financed plantations and slave trading |