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Unit 3: Evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adaptation | trait that allows survival in a specific environment |
| biodiversity | variety of species living in one area |
| cladogram | diagram that shows evolutionary relationships throughout time; shows relatedness of species; the closer the branch splits, the more closely related, share common ancestor |
| common ancestor | a species that gave rise to (led to) other species |
| competition | overproduction of offspring leads to competition for limited resources |
| dichotomous key | uses pairs of statements to narrow down characteristics/identify something; Rules: statements can only have 2 possible answers, observable traits, measurable sizes) |
| embryology | many early vertebrate embryos look similar |
| environment | where organisms live; has selective pressures |
| evolution | change in an entire species over a very long period of time |
| extinction | complete disappearance of an entire species; dying out of an entire species |
| fossil | the remains or impression of the remains of a once-living organism |
| genetic relatedness | the degree of genetic similarity between organisms |
| homologous structures | similar body structures shared between very different species (Ex: forearm bones of human, cat, whale, bat) |
| molecular evidence | comparing species using DNA sequences |
| natural selection/survival of the fittest | the environment determines which organisms survive to pass on genes and reproduce |
| species | a group of organisms who can mate together and create fertile offspring |
| structural evidence | comparing species based on body structures/phenotypes/physical traits (Ex: bones, wings, tails) |
| theory | an explanation of some aspect of the natural world |
| vestigal structure | structures that have no current function , but support evolutionary relationships |
| artificial selection/selective breeding | humans choose which organisms mate, based on desired traits |
| frequency | # how often something happens; the rate at which something occurs |
| population | members of a species living in the same location |
| abiotic resources | non-living resources (water, space) |
| advantageous/favorable/selected/selective advantage | good/helpful/beneficial to survival |
| biotic resource | living resource (food - animals/plants) |
| chromatography | molecular evidence test that separates pigments |
| descent/descendent | to originate or come from an ancestor |
| diverge | to break off in different directions |
| empirical evidence | observable/proven information to support or refute a theory |
| environmental/selective pressure/selecting agent | feature of the environment that favors a certain trait |
| heritable/inheritable trait | trait that is able to be passed down genetically to offspring |
| population | members of a species in the same location |
| proliferate | to increase in number/grow |
| reproductive isolation | when a population cannot or will not mate/combine gametes with another population |
| resistance (to antibiotics or pesticide) | organism is resistant to being killed because of a genetic feature |
| speciation | process of forming a species |
| variation | differences among members of a species |
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