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Stack #4436777
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic chemistry is about these: | Chemical compounds containing carbon and made in living things |
| compounds composed of exclusively carbons and hydrogens are | all of these |
| when the carbons in hydrocarbons are joined by double bonds, the class of compound that results is | Alkenes |
| with skeletal line drawings, we assume that each line segment corresponds to a carbon with any needed hydrogens, unless the following is also present: | heteroatoms |
| a functional group, generally speaking consists of | A set of atoms associated with a carbon chain that provides additional functionality |
| If a functional group has an electronegative atom, this increases the compounds | polarity |
| the "like dissolves-like" rule is important with organic compounds, and one can tell using it if a compound is polar if it | disolves in water |
| the most biomedically useful way to define acids is the following: | Acids are able to donate a proton to an available base |
| weak acids are acids that | donate protons only to a small extent |
| weak acids are important in forming | all of theses |
| A common type of acid in our bodies is | carboxylic acid |
| all carboxylic are of this type | weak acids |
| the purpose of a buffer, both in our bodies and in a lab environment, is to | keep pH fairly consistent |
| buffers always contain | a weak acid and its conjugate base |
| the structure of a carboxylic acid has | A central carbon double-bonded to O plus an -OH |
| organic bases are often | amines |
| one significant consequence of a head injury is | respiratory acidosis |
| in certain diseases such as diabetes and bacterial infections, the following symptom occurs | metabolic acidosis |
| Le chatelier's principle determines how our body responds to changes in pH. For example it is often true that in acidosis, order to restore pH, you breathe out ___ . Thereby reducing the level of ___. | CO2, H3O+ |
| Which of the following is most important in maintaining appropriate blood pH. | the blood bicarbonate buffer |
| cyclic amines derived from plants with physiological effects on us often negatively are termed | alkaloids |
| The following chemical equilibrium CO2+ H2O= HCO3+ H3O+ is | All of these |
| the generic chemical structure shown here would be an example of which of the following organic classes of compounds | carboxylic acids |
| what a carboxylic acid such as lactic acid acts like an acid through dissociation of the following is true" | all of these are true |
| which of the following structures from when an amine acts as a base to receive a proton | an ammonium ion |
| we prefer to draw chemical structures using skeletal drawling's because they | show all the atoms |
| can water behave as BOTH an acid AND a base? | true |
| This carboxylic acid builds up in muscle after a hard work-out, resulting in moderate pain the next day | lactic acid |
| by building hydrogen gas through an unsaturated fat, we can make it saturated, thereby making is be more solid, through this chemical reaction | hydrogenation |
| The simplest ketone is used as a fingernail polish remover and sometimes as a paint solvent and is called | acetone |
| one clue that a compound is an alcohol is the name that ends with | -ol |
| one clue that a compound is an aldehyde is that its name ends with | aldehyde |
| the simplest alcohol, with 1 carbon, is very toxic, and is called | methanol |
| beverage alcohol, on the other hand is much less toxic and has 2 carbons, so is called | ethanol |
| which of these values is the safest pH value for our food | pH 7.4 |
| adding or removing CO2 from the blood through controlling breathing rate is directly linked to the action on the bicarbonate buffer by | Le Chatelier's principle |
| Due to the effects of the bicarbonate buffer, as CO2 levels increase, this results in the following: | decrease in pH |
| in a laboratory setting, we measure pH using | pH meters |
| over-the-counter remedies such as tums and rolaids act as antacids to remove acids from your stomach because they are | bases |
| most foods we eat have the following pH values | less than 7 |
| what clue in the name of organic compounds allows you to determine which class it belongs to, whether it is an alkane, alkene, alcohol, and so forth | its suffix |
| if an alkane is branched, the class of branch it is will be specified by | the suffix -yl |
| if an alkane is branched, the position of the branch is specified by | a number proceeding the branch name |
| the following is an important property of alkanes | all of these are important |
| what is the structural change when going from an alkane to an alkene | introducing a carbon carbon double bond |
| in hydrocarbon combustion, which of the following is a product? | carbon dioxide |
| some compounds are cyclic, these may be shown by | all the above |
| different organic compounds with the same numbers and types of atoms but in different spatial arrangements and with different properties are called | isomers |
| alkenes shoe a characteristic type of isomerization, in which atoms relative to the double bond are on the same side or across it from each other. most natural alkenes show H's on the same side of the double bond, in this type of isomer | cis- |
| benzene is the simplest example of an alkene- like compound whose double-bond electrons are shared among the carbon atoms creating enhanced stability. This class of compounds is termed | aromatic |
| when the functional group -OH is connected to a chain of carbon atoms, these compounds are termed | alcohols |
| the -OH group, among other things, add this to a carbon chain: | polarity |
| if n -OH group is found on a carbon atom at a branch site, this would be termed: | tertiary |
| An -OH on a benzene ring, typical in early antiseptics, is referred to an | phenol |
| many organic classes contain a carbon double-bonded to an oxygen, C=O. The name foe this group, no matter what else may be bonded there, is always termed this: | carbonyl |
| which of the following classes of organic compounds contain the C=O group? | all of these |
| the simplest aldehyde is this toxic component of embalming fluid: | formaldehyde |
| esters are interesting kinds of organic compounds, because many of them have this property: | they have very pleasant smells |
| amides, containing both the carbonyl group and an amino nitrogen are very high soluble in water because | they form the strongest H-bonds of any of the compounds we have studied |
| A few organic compounds of biological interest contain sulfur atoms in addition to the usual C, H, or O. these are termed | thiols and thioesters |
| the following is true of enols: | all of these |
| the compound illustrated here with its skeleton line form would be called | cyclopentane |
| an alternative name for alkenes, due to their double bonds, and thus with fewer H atoms then in alkanes is | unsaturated hydrocarbons |
| the formal name for the 3-carbon unbranched alkane is | propane |
| what is the formal name for the compound indicated here by its skeletal line drawing? | 3-methyl pentane |
| one early anesthetic, used to "knock you out" before surgery was a type of this category of compounds | an ether |
| compounds shown by the generic structure here contain only a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon/ hydrogen chain and are termed: | aldehydes |
| if the carbonyl group (C=O) were somewhere in the middle of a carbon/hydrogen chain, this would be an example of a | ketone |
| amides are components of all proteins, and have the generic structure shown here. Based on this structure, which of the following is the best description? | it would be polar |
| the carbon-carbon double bonds characteristic of alkenes may have cis- or trans-isomers, but these are not found in alkanes because | double bonds cannot rotate like single bonds can |
| alkene double bonds result in the following change in physical properties compared with no double bonds in alkanes | alkenes have lower melting points |
| the simplest and most common chemical reaction with alkenes is the following: | addition reactions |
| the following class of compounds forms when an alkene reacts with water in an addition reaction: | alcohols |
| secondary alcohols have their -OH group located on the | interior carbon that is not a branch |
| an addition reaction among many alkene molecules produces a very large molecule called a | polymer |
| oxidation of a primary alcohol results in a | aldehyde |
| oxidation of a secondary alcohol results in a | ketone |
| oxidation of an aldehyde results in a | carboxylic acid |
| besides undergoing oxidations, alcohols can also go through dehydration, in which they lose a water molecule to form a | alkene |
| one way that carboxylic acids may form is through the following | oxidation of an aldehyde |
Created by:
Sparkley