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Unit 7 AP Psychology
Book Used: Updated Myers' Psychology for the AP Course
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motivation is defined by psychologists as ___ | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal |
| A complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern of behavior common to all members of a species is call a(n) ___ | instinct |
| A need refers to ___ | a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal |
| A drive refers to ___ | an aroused, motivated state that is often triggered by a physiological need |
| Food deprivation is to ___ as hunger is to ___ | need; drive |
| Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as ___ | the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state |
| Which theory most clearly emphasizes the importance of homeostasis in motivation? | drive-reduction theory |
| An incentive is a ___ | positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| Internal push is external push as ___ is to ___ | need; incentive |
| Roddy loves to snowboard. He enjoys performing aerial tricks after launching off high jumps. The higher in the air he goes and the farther he travels, the better. Which theory best explains Roddy's motivation to snowboard? | optimum arousal |
| Which theory would be most helpful for explaining why people are motivated to watch horror movies? | arousal theory |
| The idea that one should be alert but not overly aroused to perform best on a test is most closely related to which of the following? | the Yerkes-Dodson law |
| The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for ___ | food and drink |
| According to Maslow, our need for ___ | adequate clothing must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for self-esteem |
| Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet ___ | lost interest in sex and social activities |
| Hunger controls are located within the brain's ___ | hypothalamus |
| Blood glucose levels are regulated by secretions of ___ by the pancreas | insulin |
| increases in ___ increase hunger, whereas increases in in ___ decrease hunger | ghrelin; orexin |
| The set point is ___ | the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time |
| When an organism's weight falls below its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n) ___ hunger and a(n) ___ its basal metabolic rate | increase in; decrease in |
| Which of the following is the best example of set point? | After losing 25 pounds, Ashlina found that she began to put the weight back on |
| The level of serotonin in the brain is ___ | increased by a diet in carbohydrates |
| Studies show that people tend to eat much more in social situations, such as parties and celebrations. Which psychological principle best explains why we overeat in these situations? | social facilitation |
| People consume more ice cream when scooping it with a big scoop rather than a small one. This best illustrates ___ | unit bias |
| The World Health Organization defines ___ as a BMI of 30 or more | obesity |
| When people's images on a video monitor are widened to make them look fatter, observers perceive them as ___ | less sincere and less friendly |
| Research on obesity and weight control indicates that ___ | lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue |
| Rudy has been on a strict diet (1000 cal/day) for the last 6 weeks. He lost more weight in the first three weeks of his diet than the last three because ___ | his metabolic rate has decreased |
| People are more vulnerable to obesity if they experience ___ | sleep deprivation |
| WORST advice for a dieter? | "Avoid eating during the day so you can enjoy a big meal in the evening." |
| Secretion of the female hormones, the estrogens, peaks during ___ | ovulation |
| Women's sexual receptivity differs from that of nonhuman female mammals in being more responsive to ___ levels than to estrogen levels | testosterone |
| Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that ___ | women's sexual interests are somewhat influenced by the phases of their menstrual cycles |
| Research on the sexual response cycle indicates that ___ | enough sperm may be released prior to male orgasm to enable conception |
| The refractory period is the ___ | time span after orgasm during which a male cannot be aroused to another orgasm |
| In a complete sexual response cycle ___ | the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm |
| Which finding supports the belief that the experience of orgasm is the same for both sexes? | experts couldn't reliably distinguish between descriptions of orgasm written by men and women |
| Mr. H says that premature sex among HS students involves interplay of alcohol consumption, mass media norms, and teens' underestimation of vulnerability to STDs. This is a __ approach | biopsychosocial |
| Jabari spent an evening watching movies w/ women seeming to enjoy being sexually coerced. This experience is most likely to lead him to ___ | be more willing to hurt women |
| Viewing images of sexually attractive women and men may lead people to ___ | devalue their own partners and relationships |
| Which of the following is an example of a person experiencing ostracism? | Anthony was frequently ignored in the locker room by his teammates who were angry with him |
| People who spend time on social networking sites focused on their own desires and needs may be more likely to be viewed as ____ | narcissistic |
| Nature has designed humans for what kinds of relationships? | face-to-face |
| To maintain balance and focus, the text recommends ___ | asking oneself if the time spent on social media really reflects one's priorities AND monitor one's feelings while using social media |
| Henry Murray examined achievement motivation and found that higher achieving adults had these behaviors/circumstances as children: | had more active hobbies |
| MODULES 58 and 59 SGQ | 30 QUESTIONS |
| The text defines stress as ___ | the process by which we perceive and respond to environmental threats and challenges |
| Rush hour traffic is to upset stomach as ___ is to ___ | stressor; stress reactoin |
| Which of the following best illustrates the most significant source of stress for people? | too many things to do |
| After being told his parents were involved in a serious automobile accident, Bill is likely to experience an outpouring of ___ | epinephrine |
| Walter Cannon observed that a variety of stressors trigger ___ | a fight-or-flight reaction |
| After Georgiana learns that a tornado has destroyed her house, her brain probably directed the outer part of her adrenal glands to react by ____ | secreting cortisol |
| One option for dealing with stress, which is more common among women than men, is ___ | the tend-and-befriend response |
| the fight-or-flight is to ___ as the general adaptation syndrome is to ___ | Walter Cannon; Hans Selye |
| Three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome are ___ | alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion |
| Cameron (50 y.o.) opens his pay envelope and he finds a pink slip, indicating he was fired from his job. Which phase of GAS is he likely experiencing? | alarm reaction |
| After the initial shock of her car being stolen, Marlys calls the cops and begins to question possible witnesses. Marlys is likely in the ___ stage of GAS | resistance |
| Margo never enjoys spring break because at the end of every finals week, she catches a bad cold. Margo is likely in what stage of GAS. | exhaustion |
| An understanding of how stress affects our resistance to disease is the central focus of the field of ____ | psychoneuroimmunology |
| The white blood cells that fight bacterial infections and attack cancer cells and viruses are called ____ | lymphocytes |
| Viral infections are to ___ as bacterial infections are to ___ | T lymphocytes; B lymphocytes |
| Worn-out red blood cells and tiny harmful bacteria are ingested by an immune system agent known as the ____ | macrophage |
| Immune system cells that pursue and destroy diseased body cells are called ____ | NK cells |
| By attacking the body's own tissues, an overly reactive immune system is most likely to cause ____ | arthritis |
| Which of the following best describes the effects of prolonged periods of stress on the immune system> | Chronic stress can affect the immune system either by impairing its function or by causing it to attack the body's own tissue |
| After breaking up with his gf, Eric came down w/ a severe respiratory infection. His illness may have been causes to a large extent by a(n) ____ in his body's production of ____ | decrease; lymphocytes |
| AIDS is caused by a ____ infection spread primarily through ____ | viral; the exchange of bodily fluids |
| Despite stressful events, Mark is able to maintain good health. He is persistently optimistic and the emotional support of his family. An integrated understanding of his well-being is given by ___ | a biopsychosocial approach |
| the subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as ____ | health psychology |
| Uni's psychology dept. and school of med are co-sponsoring new professional program that applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health/disease | behavioral medicine |
| Interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease is ____ | behavioral medicine |
| The greatest number of deaths in North America today result from ___ | heart disease |
| Type A refers to ___ as Type B is to ____ | hard-driving, easygoing |
| Bernard is ambitious, highly competitive and a corporate lawyer who had a heart attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, getting upset over little things. He's susceptibility to heart attacks may be closely linked to his ___ | anger |
| Studying initially healthy men over 10 year period. Researchers found that pessimistic adult men were more than likely twice as optimistic men to experience | Coronary heart disease |
| Stress-moderating hormone released by cuddling and associated with pair-bonding is known as ___ | oxytocin |
Created by:
adiikul