Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Digestion
Carbohydrates proteins and lipids
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What happens during digestion | During digestion large biological molecules are hydrolysed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed across cell membranes |
| What are carbohydrates | Carbohydrates require more than 1 enzyme to hydrolyse them into monosaccharides Amylases and membrane bound disaccharides |
| How is amylase produced | This is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands. It hydrolyses polysaccharides into the disaccharide maltose by hydrolysing the glycosidic bonds. |
| What are the membrane bound enzymes | Sucrase and Lactase are the enzymes that hydrolyse sucrose and lactose into monosaccharides. |
| What are Proteins | Proteins large polymer molecules that can be hydrolysed by three enzymes Protein digestion starts in the stomach continues in the duodenum and is fully digested in the ilieum. |
| What are endopepdases | These hydrolyse peptide bonds between amino acids in the middle of a polymer chain |
| What are exopeptidases | Hydrolyse peptide bonds between amino acids at the end of the polymer chain |
| Membrane bound dipepdisases | Hydrolyse peptide bonds between 2 amino acids |
| How are lipids digested | Lipids are digested by Lipase and the action of bile salts |
| How are Lipids produced | These is are produced in the pancreas and it can hydrolyse the ester bond in triglycerides to form the monoglyceriedes and fatty acids. |
| What do Bile salts do | These are produced in the liver and can emulsify lipids to form tiny droplets micelles. This increases the surface area for lipase to act on. |
| Lipids digestion involves two stages | Physical Chemical |
| Physical | Lipids coated in bile salts to create an emulsion Many droplets of lipids provides a larger surface area to enable the faster hydrolysis action by lipase |
| Chemical | Lipases hydrolyses lipids into glycerol and fatty acids |
| What are micelles | These are water soluble vesicles formed of the fatty acids glycerol monoglycerides and bile salts Micelles and deliver the fatty acids glycerol and monoglycerides to the epithelium cells of the ileum for absorption |
| How does absorption occur | In mammals the products of digestion are absorbed across the cell linings the iluem The iluem wall is covered in villi which have thin walls surrounded by a network of capillaries and epithelial cells have even smaller microvilli |
| What does the features of absorption lead to | These maximise absorption by increasing the surface area decreasing the diffusion distance and maintaining a concentration gradient |
| The process of Lipid digestion step 1 | Lipids are digested into monoglycerides and fatty acids by the action of lipase and bile salts These form tiny structures called micelles |
| step 2 | When micelles encounter the ileum epithelial cells due to the non polar nature of the fatty acids and monoglycerides they can simply diffuse across the cell surface membrane to enter the cells of the epithelial cells |
| Step 3 | Once in the cell these will be modified back into triglycerides inside of the endoplasmic recticulum and Golgi body. |
Created by:
yHya