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SCI220 weeks 6-12.
| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled. | For example, during inhalation, air rich in oxygen is drawn into the lungs. |
| Describe the role of alveoli in the lungs | Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. | They provide a large surface area for oxygen to diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide to diffuse out. |
| What are the main components of the cardiovascular system? | The main components of the cardiovascular system include the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), and blood. | Together, they transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. |
| Explain the difference between arteries and veins | Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. | the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. |
| What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node? | he sinoatrial (SA) node, often referred to as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiates electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat, | ensuring the heart beats in a coordinated manner. |
| What is the sliding filament theory? | The sliding filament theory explains how muscle contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle fiber. | This process is facilitated by the release of calcium ions and ATP. |
| Identify the main types of connective tissue and give one example of each | 1. Loose Connective Tissue 2. Dense Connective Tissue 3. Cartilage 4. Bone 5.Blood | 1. e.g adipose tissue 2. e.g tendons 3. e.g hyaline cartilage 4. e.g compact bone 5. e.g plasma |
| What is homeostasis and why is it important? | Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes. | It is crucial for survival, as it regulates factors like temperature, pH, and glucose levels. |
| Name the four main types of tissues in the human body. | The four main types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. | Each type has distinct functions and characteristics that contribute to overall body function. |
| What is the role of the integumentary system? | The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands, protects the body from external damage regulates temperature, and facilitates sensation. | |
| What is the difference between passive and active transport across cell membranes | Passive transport does not require energy and occurs along the concentration gradient while active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against the gradient | Passive- e.g diffusion Active- e.g sodium-potassium pump |
| How does the nervous system communicate with the body? | he nervous system communicates through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters. Neurons transmit signals rapidly | coordinating responses to stimuli and regulating bodily functions. |
| What are the primary functions of the digestive system? | he digestive system's primary functions are to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste. | Key organs include the stomach, intestines, and liver. |
| Describe the process of filtration in the kidneys | Filtration in the kidneys occurs in the glomeruli, where blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out of the blood into the nephron | forming filtrate that eventually becomes urine. |
| What is the function of the lymphatic system? | The lymphatic system helps maintain fluid balance, absorbs fats from the digestive system, and plays a vital role in the immune response | by transporting lymph, which contains immune cells. |
| Explain the significance of the blood-brain barrier | The blood-brain barrier is a selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances | allowing essential nutrients to pass through, maintaining a stable environment for neuronal function. |
| What role do neurotransmitters play in synaptic transmission? | eurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from neurons that cross synapses | binding to receptors on the next neuron and transmitting signals that can either stimulate or inhibit activity. |
| How do vaccines stimulate the immune system? | Vaccines introduce a harmless component of a pathogen (antigen) to the immune system. | prompting it to produce antibodies. This prepares the body to fight off future infections from the actual pathogen. |
Created by:
Moya Green