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AP Lang RD+PV
AP Lang revei Rhetorical Devices and Power Verbs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aesthetic | references to artistic elements or expressions within a textual work |
| allegory | the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions of truths or generalization about human existence |
| alliteration | the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words |
| allusion | a reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history |
| analogy | an extended comparison between two things/instances/people etc. that share some similarity to make a point |
| anaphora | repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses, sentences, or lines |
| anecdote | a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident |
| antithesis | the rhetorical contrast of ideas by means of parallel arrangements of words, clauses, or sentences |
| aphorism | brief swaying or phrase that expresses an opinion or makes a statement of wisdom without flowery language of a proverb |
| assonance | repetition of a vowel sounds but not consonant sounds |
| asyndeton | connections are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose |
| chiasmus | repetition of ideas in inverted order |
| colloquial | characteristics of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech |
| connotation | the set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning |
| consonance | the repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels, as in assonance |
| cumulative sentence | also referred to as loose; a sentence that completes the mai]k,8n idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning that works from the more general to the more specific, beginning with a theory that becomes a hypotheses, and using observation to confirm the original theory, top-down approach |
| denotation | literal meaning of a word, the dictionary definition |
| diction | a writer's choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, and figurative language, which combine to help create meaning |
| didactic | tone; instructional, designed to teach an ethical, morals, or religious lesson |
| elegiac | a tone involving mourning or expressing sorrow for that which is irrecoverably past |
| epistrophe | ending a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words |
| ethos | appealing to credibility |
| extended metaphor | differs from a regular metaphor in that several comparisons similar in theme are being made |
| imagery | descriptive language that provides vivid images that evoke the senses |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories; uses observations to detect patterns and regularities, and develops a hypothesis and later broader theories based on the observations; bottom-up approach |
| irony | stating the opposite of what is said or meant |
| juxtaposition | placing two or more things side by side for comparison or contrast |
| logos | appealing to logic, reason, intelligence |
| metonymy | figure of speech consisting of the use of the name of one thing for that of another of which it is an attribute or with which it is associated |
| parody | work that's created by imitating an existing original work in order to make fun of or comment on an aspect of the original; can target celebrities, politicians, authors, a style or trend, or any other interesting subject |
| satire | the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices; mostly humorous, ironic, and exaggerated; only need to have one |
| paradox | apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed on by careful scrutiny; its purpose is to arrest attention and provoke fresh thought |
| parallel structure | a repetition of sentences using the same grammatical structure emphasizing all aspects of the sentence equally |
| pathos | appealing to emotion |
| periodic sentence | a sentence that has the main clause or predicate at the end; used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reason for something at the beginning before the final point is made; can also create suspense or interest for the reader |
| polysyndeton | the use of many conjunctions has the effect of slowing the pace or emphasizing the numerous words or clauses |
| rhetorical question | a question presented by the author that is not meant to be answered |
| stream of consciousness | a technique that records the thoughts and feelings of a character without regard to logical argument or narrative sequence; reflects all the forces, internal and external, affecting the character's psyche at the moment |
| synecdoche | the rhetorical substitution of a part of the whole |
| syntax | the structure of sentences and/or phrases |
| thesis | a statement of purpose, intent, or main idea in a literary work |
| tone | the use of stylistic devices that reveal an author's attitude towards a subject |
| understatement | when you represent something as less than what it is; can be down in writing or in speech; issue at hand is minimalized or made to seem less important or severe; can be done for and ironic effect or simply to be polite; important figure of speech |
| ambiguity | a word, phrase, or sentence whose meaning can be interpreted in more than one way |
| Comedic Understatement | type of understandment adds humor to an otherwise serious situation |
| Modest | type of understatement is used instead of bragging or boasting about something |
| Polite Understatement | type of understatement can be used in difficult situations when you may disagree with someone's opinion but still want to remain polite |
| absolve | to be let off the hod, to be set free from a certain obligation or to be forgiven for wrongdoing |
| accede | to agree with someone or give in to his or her Wich; to yield |
| achieve | to gain with effort, to get or attain, to attain a desired goal |
| acquire | to get as one's own; to come into possession or control often by unspecified means; to come to have as a new or added characteristic, trait, or ability |
| aggrandize | to make great or greater, to make appear great or greater, praise highly; to enhance the power, wealth, position or reputation of |
| affirm | validate, confirm; to state positively; to assert (as a judgement or decree) as valid or confirmed; to express devotion to; to testify or declare by affirmation as distinguished from swearing an oath |
| amplify | to expand ( something such as a statement) by the use of detail or illustration or by closer analysis; to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, or intensity); to increase the strength or amount of; especially, to make loeder |
| ameliorate | to make better or more tolerable; to grow better |
| contribute | to give or supply in common with others; to play a significant part in bringing about an end or result |
| concoct | to prepare by combining raw materials concocted; devise, fabricate |
| covet | to wish for enviously; to desire what belongs to another |
| corroborate | to support with evidence or authority |
| coptivate | to attract others, fascinating or enhancing them |
| debilitate | to impair the strength of, weakness; enfeeble |
| deracinate | to uproot; to remove or separate from a native environment or culture ; to remove the racial or ethnic characteristics or influences from |
| disabuse | to free from error, misconception, or fallacy |
| evince | to constitute outward evidence of; to display clearly; reveal |
| evoke | to call forth or up; conjure; to cite especially with approval or support for; invoke; to bring to mind or recollection; to recreate imaginatively |
| evolve | emit; derive, educe, to produce by natural evolutionary processes; develop, work out |
| exacerbate | to make more violent, bitter, or severe; worsen |
| generalize | to draw from specific cases for more general cases; extrapolate; infer |
| exemplify | to show or illustrate by example; to make an attested copy or transcript of ( a document) under seal; to be an instance of or serve as an example; embody; to be typical of |
| imbue | endow; to permeate or influence to tinge or dye deeply |
| extrapolate | to infer (values of a variable in an unobserved interval) from values within an already observed interval |
| perceive | to attain awareness or understanding of; to regard as being such; to become ware of through the senses; see, observe |
| permeate | to diffuse through or penetrate something, to spread or diffuse through a room; to pass through the pores of interstices of |
| ponder | to weigh-in the mind; to think about; reflect on; to thing or cindsider especially quietly, soberly, and deeply |
| portray | to make a picture of; depict; to describe in words; to play the role of; enact; to show |
| project | to devise in the mind; design; to plan, figure, or estimate for the future; to throw or case forward; thrust; to put or set forth; present for consideration; to attribute (one's own ideas, feelings, or characteristics) to other people or to objects |
| promote | to advance in station, rank, or honor; raise; to advance (a student) from one grade to the next higher grade; to contribute to growth or prosperity of; further; to help bring (as an enterprise into being; launch; advance |
| qualify | to reduce from a general to particular or restricted form; modify; to make less arch or strict; moderate; to alter the strength or flavor of; to limit or modify meaning of qualify a noun; to characterize by naming an attribute; to fit by training, |
| ramify | something that branches off or spreads; complexity, branch |
| reconcile | to restore to friendship or harmony; settle, resolve |
| abet | to help someone do something, usually something wrong, assist, aid |
| ascertain | to find out or learn with certainty ascertain the truth; archaic: to make certain, exact, or precise |
| assuage | to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or distresses); ease; pacify; quiet; to put an end to by satisfying; appease; quenc |
| attribute | to explain (something) by indicating a cause; to regard as a characteristic of a person or thing; to reckon as made or originated; classify, designate |
| augment | to make greater, more numerous, larger, or more intense; supplement |
| beguile | to deceive; to engage the interest of by or as if by; to lead by deception; to while away especially b some agreeable occupation also; divert |
| beleaguer | besiege; trouble, harass |
| bode | to indicate (something, such as a future event) bys igns; presage; to announce beforehand; foretell |
| capitalize | to write or print with an initial capitalor in capitals; to convert into capital; to compute the present value of (an income extended over a period of time); to gain by turning something to advantage |
| delineate | to indicate or represent by drawn or painted lines; to describe, portray or set forth with accuracy or in detail |
| disavow | to deny responsibility for; repudiate; to refuse to acknowledge or accept; disclaim |
| denounce | to pronounce especially publicly to be blame worthy or evil; proclaim; to announce threateningly; to inform against; accuse, criticize |
| depict | to represent by or as if by a picture; describe |
| derive | to take, receive, or obtain especially from a specified source; to obtain ( a chemical substance) actually or theoretically from a parent infer, deduce; bring, to trace the derivation of |
| disclose | to open up; to expose to view; to make known or public; reveal |
| elicit | to call fort or draw out (something, such as information or a response); to draw forth or bring out (something latent or potential) |
| enthrall | to hold in or reduce to slavery; to hold spellbound; charm |
| formulate | to reduce to or express in a formula; to put into a systematized statement or expression; devise; to prepare according to a formula |
| galvanize | to subject to the action of an electric current especially for the purpose of stimulating physiologically; to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock |
| generate | to bring into existence; procreate, beget; to originate by vital, chemical or physical process; produce;; to be the cause of (a situation, action, or state of mind) |
| hamper | to restrict the movement of y bonds or obstacles; impede; to interfere with the operation of; disrupt; to moderate t or limit the effect or full exercise of; curb restrain; to interfere with; to impede the natural activity of; encumber |
| immolate | to offer in sacrifice especially; to kill as a sacrificial victim; to kill or destroy often by fire |
| hypothesize | to make a hypothesis; conjecture |
| identify | to cause to be or become identical; to conceive as united; to establish the identity of |
| infringe | to encroach upon in a way that violates law or the rights of an of another; defeat, frustrate; encroach |
| polarize | to cause to vibrate in a definite pattern; to give physical polarity to; to break up into opposing factions or groupings; concentrate |
| refute | to prove wrong by argument or evidence; show to be false or erroneous; to deny the truth or accuracy of |
| reinforce | to strengthen or increase by fresh additions; to encourage |
| render | to transmit another; deliver; to furnish for consideration, approval or information; to hand down; to agree on an report; give back; restore; reflect, eco; to give an acknowledgement of dependence or obligation; to do for another; make; impart; depict |
| replicate | duplicate, repeat; undergo replication; produce a replica of itself |
| requite | make return for; repay; to make retaliation for; avenge; to make suitable return to for a benefit or service or for an injury |
| resolve | to cause resolution of; to deal with succesfully; clar up; to find an answer to; to make clear or understandable; to find a mathematical solution. reach a firm decision; to work out the resolution of |
| resuscitate | to revive from apparent death or form unconsciousness also, revitalize; come to, revive |
| relegate | to assign to a lower position; assign to class or king; classify; refer to another person for decision or judgment; pass on |
| bowdlerize | |
| cease | |
| caracterize | |
| cajole | |
| coincide | |
| compel | |
| concur | |
| condemn | |
| displace | |
| distinguich | |
| diverge | |
| dominate | |
| elate | |
| elevate | |
| eliminate | |
| embody | |
| imitate | |
| ingratiate | |
| influence | |
| inhibit | |
| inquire | |
| intervene | |
| justify | |
| mitigate | |
| signify | |
| simualte | |
| stimulat | |
| saturate | |
| substantiate | |
| surpass | |
| symbolize | |
| susurate | |
| caterwual | |
| conform | |
| conjecture | |
| coalesce | |
| console | |
| sonstitute | |
| sontemplate | |
| contradict | |
| commiserate | |
| embrace | |
| emerge | |
| encapsulate | |
| encompass | |
| engender | |
| expedite | |
| expostulate | |
| enlighten | |
| enrich | |
| modify | |
| necessitate | |
| negate | |
| oblige | |
| obscure | |
| obfuscate | |
| obviate | |
| permeate | |
| optimize | |
| synthesize | |
| theorize | |
| transcend | |
| undermine | |
| vitiate | |
| validate |
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