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English 9 Q1 Vocab
Iolani English 9 Vocabulary for Quarter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Narrative | A story; a representation of an event |
| Illustration | An example or instance that helps make something clear |
| Concrete/Sensory Detail | A particular element that is real, tangible and perceptible through sight, hearing, smell, taste and/or touch |
| Abstract | Not knowable through the five senses, expressing qualities apart from physical or sensory details, theoretical; (n) a summary of points usually expressed in skeletal form |
| Active Voice | Sentence construction in which the subject acts (E.g., “The team won the game.”) |
| Passive Voice | Sentence construction which conveys that the action is done to the subject (E.g., “The game was won by the team.”) Tip: The prepositions “by,” “to,” or “for” often signal the passive voice. |
| Syntax | The way in which words and phrases are put together to form sentences |
| Diction | Word choice |
| Dependent (Subordinate) Clause | A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate but cannot stand alone as a sentence. Some dependent clauses start with subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns, or relative adverbs. |
| Independent clause | A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate and can stand alone as a sentence. |
| Simple sentence | A sentence composed of a single independent clause and no dependent clauses. |
| Noun | A word that names a person, place, thing or idea. |
| Pronoun | A word that takes the place of a noun and functions in the same way that nouns do |
| Antecedent | The word(s) a pronoun replaces |
| Preposition | A word that conveys a relationship, often of space or time, between the noun or pronoun following it and other words in the sentence. Note: The noun or pronoun following a preposition is called its object. |
| Adjective | A word that describes, limits or modifies a noun, pronoun, or word group functioning as a noun |
| Verb | A word that shows action or occurrence or that describes a state of being |
| Adverb | A word that describes, limits, or modifies verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, phrases, or clauses |
| Linking Verb | A main verb that links a subject with a subject complement that renames or describes the subject. Note: A linking verb conveys a condition or state of being. (She was happy swimming.) “To be” is the most common linking verb. |
| Coordinating Conjunction | A conjunction that joins two or more grammatically equivalent structures (and, or, for, nor, but) |
| Subordinating Conjunction | A conjunction (after, although, because, before, until, when, whether, while, unless) that introduces an adverbial clause and expresses a relationship between the idea in the adverbial clause and the idea in the independent clause |
| Correlative Conjunction | A pair of words that joins equivalent grammatical structures (both…and; either…or; neither…nor; not only…but also) |
| Freewrite | To write nonstop for a period of time to generate ideas by unrestricted association of thoughts |
| Draft | To compose ideas in sentences and paragraphs. Draft: (n) the document produced by drafting. |
| Revision | Evaluating rough drafts of an essay and, on the basis of those assessments, rewriting the essay by adding, cutting, replacing, moving and often totally recasting material |
| Edit | To check a document for the technical correctness of its grammar, spelling, punctuation and mechanics |
| Oral Interpretation | A presentation in which the speaker enables the audience to visualize the place, person, event, and action in a passage from a published text. |
| Manuscript | A typewritten document from which a speaker delivers his/her address |
| Memorized | Learned by heart; committed to memory |
| Impromptu Speech | A presentation style that is improvised on the spur of the moment |
| Extemporaneous Speech | A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes |
| Hook/Attention-Getter | Statement intended to attract the notice of the audience |
| Purpose Statement | The statement that expresses the purpose of a presentation |
| Thesis Statement | A position that a writer or speaker advances in a speech or essay |
| Transition | Words or phrases that connect ideas and parts of a speech or essay |
| Restatement | The act of saying again or in another way |
| Podium | A raised platform or dais |
| Lecturn | A stand used to support a book or manuscript |
| Poise | Self-possessed assurance of manner |
| Stance/Posture | Bearing; the position of the body; way of standing |
| Voice | (n) human sound produced through lungs and larynx; the significance and meaning of those human sounds; (v) to express in words; utter |
| Enunciation | The distinctness of speech sounds |
| Articulation | The shaping of speech sounds into recognizable oral symbols that go together to make up a word |
| Pronunciation | The ability to say words with phonetic correctness |
| Vocal Expression | Use of the voice to express emotion |
| Pitch | The highness or lowness of the human voice |
| Inflection | Change in pitch or tone to indicate mood or feeling |
| Volume | The degree of loudness or intensity of sound |
| Audibility | The ability to be heard |
| Projection | control of the volume, clarity and distinctness of a voice to gain greater audibility |
| Tone | The attitude conveyed toward a subject or audience which is expressed through the speaker's/writer's voice and choice of words |
| Rate/Pace | The amount of spoken words per unit of time; speed of speaking |
| Pause | Hesitation; Temporary Stop |
| Word Emphasis | Special consideration, stress, or intensity of expression given to a particular word |
| Fluency | Effortless smoothness in speaking |
| Vocalized Pauses/Fillers | The meaningless sounds that speakers use to fill time (e.g. um, like, ok) |
| Sustained Eye Contact | Establishment of significant communication or meaningful rapport with another person(s) through use of eyes |
| Gesture | Motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech |
| Body Language | The communication of ideas or feelings by use of gesture, body position or attitude |
| Facial Expression | Use of any part of the face to express or emphasize an idea, sentiment or attitude |
| Nonverbal communication | The communication that occurs through appearance, gesture, eye contact, and facial expression |
| Clarity | The clearness of language that results from choosing the right words |
| Attire | Clothes |
| Assesment | The process of examining quality or value |
| Compound Sentence | A sentence composed of two or more independent clauses |
| Complex Sentence | A sentece Composed of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses |
| Action Verb | A verb that describes an action or occurrence done by or to the subject |
| Subject Compliment | A Noun, Pronoun, or adjective that follows a linking verb and describes or renames the subject. |
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