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first shots of the Civil War were fired here when the Confederates bombarded Ft. Sumter with cannon fire on April 12, 1861
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Capital=Washington, D.C., Bluecoats, Yankees, North
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US History Chpt 11
Civil War - Davis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| first shots of the Civil War were fired here when the Confederates bombarded Ft. Sumter with cannon fire on April 12, 1861 | Fort Sumter- |
| Capital=Washington, D.C., Bluecoats, Yankees, North | Characteristics of Union: |
| Capital=Richmond, Virginia, Graycoats, Rebels, South | Characteristics of Confederacy: |
| president of the United States during the Civil War | Abraham Lincoln- |
| president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War | Jefferson Davis- |
| was a Confederate general during the Civil War (1861–1865) Commanding officer of the Army of Northern Virginia from June 1862 until the end of the war; Lee’s was characterized by bold tactical maneuvers and his inspirational leadership | Robert E. Lee- |
| General in the Confederate Army; led a brigade at the First Battle of Bull Run where he and his forces stood like “Stonewall”; served under Lee | Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson |
| Union General who won battles at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Vicksburg; helped the Union capture the Mississippi, Cumberland, Tennessee, and Ohio Rivers; also captured major rail lines in Tennessee and Mississippi | Ulysses S. Grant- |
| Better military leaders who were more experienced/ Disadvantages of South:Agricultural Economy that depended on cash crops/trade; smaller population (6 million); couldn’t produce supplies and resources for war effort | Advantages of South: |
| Industrial Economy=could produce supplies and resources for war effort; Majority of the railroads; larger population (23 million) | Advantages of North: |
| )1) Blockade and Close Southern Ports 2) Control the systems of transportation: rivers and railroads (Mississippi=cutting Confederacy in half) 3) Capture the Capital of Richmond, Virginia | Winfield Scott/Anaconda Plan: |
| 1) Defend and delay until the Union gives up 2) Quick victories to demoralize the Union 3) Use of their military leadership to take advantage of the Union 4) Military alliance with Great Britain | South’s Strategy to Win the War: |
| first major battle of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in July of 1861, Union forces led by Gen. McDowell were defeated by the Confederate forces led by Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard | 1st Battle of Bull Run: |
| battle took place in Virginia in June of 1862, Gen. Irwin McDowell and the Union Army launched a failed attempt to take the Confederate Capital of Richmond, Virginia, Confederate Gen.Robert E. Lee were able to push back Gen. McDowell and the Union forces | 7 Days Battle: |
| August, 29-30 1862, Fought on almost the same field as the first battle of Bull Run, this was a complete victory for the South. Robert E. Lee further cemented his reputation as a great general. The Union commander, John Pope, was completely defeated. | 2nd Battle of Bull Run: |
| : battle took place in Maryland on September 17, 1862, Gen. McClellan and the Union army were able to stop Gen. Lee and the Confederates. It was the bloodiest single day battle in U.S. history with over 23,000 causalities | Battle of Antietam |
| Antietam lead to Lincoln passing the Emancipation Proclamation | Turning Point: |
| an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines | Emancipation Proclamation |
| a court order requiring authorities to bring a prisoner before the court so that the court can determine whether the prisoner is being held legally | habeus corpus- |
| a Northern Democrat who advocated making peace with the Confederacy during the Civil War | Copperhead- |
| the drafting of citizens for military service | conscription- |
| How did both sides raise their armies? | conscription=military draft |
| How did both sides finance their armies? | North: tariffs, war bonds, the income tax, and greenbacks (paper money) South: Wealthy Plantation owners gave over $150,000,000, Foreign Aid from Spain and G.B. $15,000,000, the income tax, and greenbacks (paper money) |
| gruesome massacre occurred here in Tennessee, in 1864, Confederate troops killed over 200 African-American prisoners and some whites as they begged for their lives | Fort Pillow- |
| Income tax- | a tax on earnings |
| - Union nurse who often cared for the sick and wounded at the front lines. After her courage under fire at Antietam, a surgeon described her as the “angel of the battlefield.” She later helped establish the American Red Cross | Clara Barton |
| The worst Confederate prison, at Andersonville, Georgia, jammed 33,000 men into 26 acres, or about 34 square feet per man. | Andersonville (Prison)- |
| The prisoners had no shelter from the broiling sun or chilling rain except what they made themselves by rigging primitive tents of blankets and sticks. They drank from the same stream that served as their sewer. 1/3 died | Conditions at Andersonville Prison |
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m8smith