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Chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angular Displacement (θ) | The angle through which an object rotates, measured in radians. It’s the rotational equivalent of linear displacement. |
| Translational Displacement (x) | The straight-line distance an object moves from its initial position to its final position. Measured in meters (m). |
| Angular Velocity (ω) | The rate of change of angular displacement. |
| Right-Hand Rule | A method used to determine the direction of angular quantities (like angular velocity or torque). How to use: Curl the fingers of your right hand in the direction of rotation; your thumb points in the direction of the vector |
| Angular Acceleration (α) | The rate of change of angular velocity. |
| Center of Mass | The point where the mass of a system is concentrated and where it balances in all directions. It moves as if all external forces act there. |
| Torque (τ) | A measure of how much a force causes an object to rotate. |
| Net Torque | The vector sum of all torques acting on an object. If net torque is zero, angular acceleration is zero (the object rotates at constant angular velocity or remains at rest). |
| Translational Equilibrium | When the net force on an object is zero, meaning the object moves with constant velocity (or stays at rest). |
| Rotational Equilibrium | When the net torque on an object is zero, meaning it rotates with constant angular velocity (or doesn't rotate at all). |
| Static Equilibrium | When both net force and net torque are zero. The object is completely at rest (no linear or rotational motion). |
| Rotational Inertia (Moment of Inertia, I) | A measure of how difficult it is to change an object’s rotational motion. Depends on mass and how that mass is distributed relative to the axis of rotation. |
| Angular Momentum (L) | The rotational analog of linear momentum. |
| Rotational Kinetic Energy | The energy due to an object’s rotation. |