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Membrane Proteins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| State how small uncharged molecules pass through the membrane. | Phospholipid bilayer |
| State how charged ions or uncharged polar molecules pass through the membrane. | Transmembrane proteins |
| State the two types of transmembrane proteins. | Channel proteins and transporters |
| Describe the process of facilitated diffusion | Passive transport through specific transmembrane proteins (channel proteins & transporters |
| State what process all channel proteins move molecules through the membrane by. | Diffusion |
| State the three types of channel proteins. | Ungated channel, ligand and voltage gated channels. |
| Describe what is meant by a gated channel. | Changes conformation to move molecules across membrane by diffusion |
| State what changes the conformation of ligand gated channels. | binding of signal molecules |
| State what causes the conformation of voltage gated channels to change | changes in ion concentrations |
| Describe the structure of a channel protein. | Multi subunits with a water filled pore |
| Describe what feature all transporter proteins have in common. | They must change conformation/operate between two conformations across the membrane. |
| State the two types of transporters. | Na K Pump and Glucose symports |
| Describe what is meant by a pump. | A transporter protein that is coupled to an energy souyce to enable active transport |
| Define what is meant by an ATPase. | A protein pump that directly hydrolyses ATP to provide energy |
| Explain the importance of the Na K pump. | Restores/maintains resting membrane potential. |
| State the affinity the Na K pump has for K and Na in the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated state. | Unphosphorylated—Na phosphorylated—K |
| Describe the number of Na and K ions and the direction of movement by the Na K pump. | 3 Na out 2 K in |
| State the location of the glucose symport. | Small intestine epithelial cells. |
| State the process by which glucose and Na move into the cell via the glucose symport. | Na moves in by diffusion Glucose moves in by active transport. |
| Describe what enables the movement of glucose into the cell against its concentration in the glucose symport. | Na K pump creates the steep concentration gradient of Na |
| What causes Na to be released outside the cell by the Na/K pump | phosphorylation of pump changes its conformation |
| State what comes first - dephosphorylation of the pump OR the conformation change of pump | dephosphorylation first as it causes the conformational change |
| If the Na/K pump does not work what happens to the concentration of Na and K inside cell | Na stays high (does not leave) K low (cannot enter) |
| State the consequence of the Na/K pump not working on the glucose symport. | It will not work |
| Which type of protein moves molecules in by diffusion through a conformational change when the molecule binds itself to protein | transporter NOT ligand gated channel protein |
| State what is meant by a transmembrane protein | Spans the membrane |
| Name a small uncharged molecule that can pass through the phospholipid bilayer | carbon dioxide or oxygen |
| State why ions need transmembrane proteins to move across membrane | They are charged and can't pass across hydrophobic tails of phospholipids |
Created by:
brightminds