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Medications and labs to monitor
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Warfarin | Monitor: INR, PT |
| Heparin | Monitor: aPTT, Platelets (for HIT) |
| Enoxaparin (Lovenox | Monitor: Anti-Xa level (if needed), Platelets |
| Lithium | Monitor: Lithium level (0.61.2 mEq/L), TSH, renal function, electrolytes |
| Digoxin | Monitor: Digoxin level (0.52 ng/mL), K, Mg, renal function |
| Furosemide | Monitor: K, Na, BUN, Cr and weights |
| Spironolactone | Monitor: K, BUN, Cr |
| Methotrexate | Monitor: CBC, LFTs, Cr |
| Vancomycin | Monitor: Trough level, BUN, Cr |
| Gentamicin | Monitor: Peak and trough levels, BUN, Cr |
| Clozapine | Monitor: CBC (ANC), weekly at first |
| Valproic Acid | Monitor: Valproate level, LFTs, CBC |
| Diabetes Mellitus | : Fasting glucose, HbA1c, random glucose, ketones (urine), electrolytes |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | BUN, Creatinine, GFR, electrolytes, hemoglobin, urinalysis |
| Heart Failure | BNP, electrolytes, renal panel, troponin (if suspected MI), ABGs |
| Liver Disease (Cirrhosis, Hepatitis) | AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, INR, ammonia |
| Sepsis | Lactate, blood cultures, CBC, CMP, ABG, coagulation panel |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | : ANA, anti-dsDNA, ESR/CRP, CBC, BUN, Cr, UA |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | MRI (plaques), lumbar puncture (oligoclonal bands), CBC (for meds) |
| Parkinsons Disease | Clinical diagnosis; MRI to rule out other causes; drug monitoring if on levodopa |
| UTI | Urinalysis, urine culture, CBC (if febrile) |
| C. diff Infection | Stool toxin test, CBC, creatinine |
| Stroke (CVA | CT/MRI (diagnostic), coagulation studies, glucose, CBC, cardiac enzymes |
| Anemia | CBC, iron studies, vitamin B12, folate, reticulocyte count |
| What does BNP measure? | Ventricular stretch from fluid/volume overload |
| What does an elevated BNP suggest? | Heart failure/fluid overload |
| What does troponin indicate? | Myocardial injury |
| What does an elevated troponin make you suspect? | Myocardial injury/ACS |
| Why is potassium (K⁺) important in AFib/HF? | It affects cardiac electrical activity and rhythm |
| What can abnormal K⁺ cause? | Dysrhythmias |
| Why is magnesium (Mg²⁺) important? | Helps maintain normal cardiac conduction |
| What can low Mg²⁺ contribute to? | AFib and other dysrhythmias |
| What does BUN help assess? | Kidney function and perfusion |
| Why might BUN increase in HF? | Decreased renal perfusion or dehydration/diuresis |
| What does creatinine assess? | Kidney filtration/function |
| Why monitor creatinine in HF? | HF and some HF treatments can affect renal function |
| What is included in a CBC? | WBC, RBC, Hgb/Hct, and platelets |
| Why is Hgb/Hct important in cardiac patients? | Anemia can decrease oxygen delivery and increase cardiac workload |
| What might an elevated WBC indicate? | Infection/inflammation, which can trigger/worsen AFib |
| What does TSH evaluate? | Thyroid function |
| What thyroid condition can trigger AFib? | Hyperthyroidism |
| Classic ECG finding in AFib? | Irregularly irregular rhythm with no clear P waves |
| What does an echocardiogram evaluate? | Heart structure, valves, EF, and ventricular function |
| What is EF? | Percentage of blood ejected from the ventricle with each contraction |
| Why is an echo important in HF? | Determines cardiac structure/function and EF |
| What can a chest X-ray show in HF? | Cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion/edema |
| What does TEE stand for? | Transesophageal echocardiogram |
| Why might a TEE be performed before cardioversion for AFib? | To look for an atrial thrombus/clot |
| Why is an atrial clot dangerous in AFib? | It can embolize to the brain and cause a stroke |
Created by:
Anmag002