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BIO
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alleles | different versions of the same gene |
| dominant | only one copy of the gene is needed to express it |
| recessive | you must have 2 copies of this to express it |
| homozygous | having 2 identical allele for a gene |
| heterozygous | having 2 different alleles for a gene |
| genotype | genetic makeup (the alleles you inherit) |
| phenotype | expressed traits (observable characteristics) |
| monohybrid cross | using a Punnett Square to predict offspring of one trait |
| punnett squares | used to predict offspring genotype & phenotype proportions (%) |
| pedigree | family tree that shows the occurrence of a trait through biological relationships |
| dihybrid cross | using Punnett Squares to predict offspring for two traits |
| Trait | A heritable feature that varies among individuals |
| Independent Assortment | Inheritance of one characteristic has no effect on the other, different genes separate independently during reproductive cell development |
| incomplete dominance | the phenotype is a mixture of both alleles, appearing as a blend trait |
| complete dominance | only the dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype |
| polygenic inheritance | A trait controlled by multiple genes, not just one |
| sex-linked trait | traits inherited from the X or Y chromosome |
| codominance | phenotype shows both alleles together, one is not dominant over the other |