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pathophysiology
week 9 & 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A patient who demonstrates chronic gastrointestinal bleeding is diagnosed with anemia. What is the primary cause of the patient’s anemia? Group of answer choices Vitamin B12 deficiency Iron deficiency Folate deficiency Bone marrow failure | Iron deficiency |
| Thrombocytopenia may be: Group of answer choices transient or consistent. normal or abnormal. congenital or acquired. active or inactive. | congenital or acquired. |
| A 65 year old experienced loss of appetite, weight loss, lemon-yellow skin, liver enlargement, and a beefy red tongue shortly before her death. Autopsy suggested pernicious anemia, and the cause of death would most likely reveal: brain hypoxia. liver hy | heart failure. |
| A 57-year-old male presents to his primary care provider for red face, hands, feet, ears, and headache and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes, indicating: polycythemia vera (PV). leukemia. sideroblastic anemia. hemos | polycythemia vera (PV). |
| A patient’s anemia is described as having erythrocytes that demonstrate poikilocytosis. The nurse would recognize the erythrocytes would be: pale in color. present in various sizes. able to assume various shapes. live only a few days. | able to assume various shapes. |
| A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the nurse’s best response? Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production Misshapen erythrocytes with low hemoglob | Ineffective iron uptake and abnormal hemoglobin production |
| A 6-year-old male presents with fatigue, jaundice, and irritability. A blood smear shows the presence of sickled cells. Erythropoiesis is compromised in this child; which crisis should the nurse monitor the patient for? Vaso-occlusive crisis Sequestrati | Aplastic crisis |
| If an infant has hydrops fetalis, which type of thalassemia does the nurse suspect? Beta minor Beta major Alpha minor Alpha major | Alpha major |
| A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis. The most likely cause is: genetic factors. an iron deficiency. a hemoglobin abnormality. an erythrocyte structural abnormality. | an iron deficiency. |
| Testing reveals that a child has hemophilia A. This bleeding disorder results from a deficiency in factor: IX. XII. XIII. VIII. | VIII. |
| A 16-month-old female presents with tachycardia, pallor, anorexia, and systolic murmur. The nurse is checking the lab results, and the hemoglobin determination indicates a level below _____ grams per deciliter. 5 7 10 14 | 5 |
| By what other name is the clotting factor IX disorder, hemophilia B known as? Group of answer choices Classic hemophilia Christmas disease Thalassemia von Willebrand disease | Christmas disease |
| A 51-year-old male is at the health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he developed substernal pain. He also reported discomfort in his left shoulder and his jaw, lasting 2–3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. | stable angina. |
| When a patient is diagnosed with coronary artery disease, the nurse assesses for myocardial: hypertrophy. ischemia. necrosis. inflammation. | ischemia. |
| A patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and is being treated for shock. The primary cause of shock is most likely: rapid heart rate. decreased cardiac contractility. increased capillary per | decreased cardiac contractility. |
| A 20-year-old female is being admitted to the hospital with fever and septic shock. Which set of assessment findings would the nurse expect the patient to exhibit? Bradycardia, palpitations, confusion, truncal rash Severe respiratory distress, jugular v | Low blood pressure and tachycardia |
| A patient presents to a primary care provider reporting chest pain and is diagnosed with atherosclerosis. This disease is caused by: arterial wall thinning and weakening. abnormally dilated arteries and veins. abnormal thickening and hardening of vesse | abnormal thickening and hardening of vessel walls. |
| A nurse takes an adult patient’s blood pressure and determines it to be normal. What reading did the nurse obtain? Systolic pressure between 140 and 150 mm Hg Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg Systolic pres | Systolic pressure less than 120 mm Hg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mm Hg |
| A 22-year-old pregnant woman presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal checkup. The fetal heartbeat sounds irregular, and a fetal echocardiogram reveals an atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect. This defect is the result of: failure of the ductus arteriosus to | incomple fusion of the endocardial cushions. |
| Intrauterine exposure to which factor could be responsible for a diagnosis of congenital heart disease? Diabetes Alcohol exposure Viral infection Dextroamphetamine | Viral infection |
| A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. A diagnosis of pulmonic stenosis (PS) is made after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary: tree. artery. valve. vein. | valve |
| A 5-year-old female is found to have hypertension during three separate visits to her primary care provider. The nurse would expect tests to suggest that the hypertension is secondary to: renal disease. brain tumor. hypocalcemia. hyponatremia. | renal disease. |
| A 2-week-old infant who presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). This condition results in a(n): decreased pulmonary blood flow. right-to-left shunt. left-to-right shunt. increased | left-to-right shunt. |
| A 1-month-old infant was diagnosed with truncus arteriosus (TA) with a ventricular septal defect. This condition results in: hypertrophy of the aorta and major arteries. transposition of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. the aorta returning blood to t | blood from both ventricles mixing in a common vessel. |
| A 26 year old recently underwent surgery and is now experiencing dyspnea, cough, fever, and leukocytosis. Tests reveal a collapsed lung caused by the removal of air from obstructed alveoli. Which term is used to document this condition? Compression atele | Absorption atelectasis |
| A 15 year old is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease caused by fibrosis. Which pulmonary function test finding is expected? Increased compliance Increased tidal volume Decreased respiratory rate Decreased functional residual capacity | Decreased functional residual capacity |
| A 57 year old presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume and is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient’s history, which finding is the most probable cause of the illness? Inhalation of silica Autoimmune di | Inhalation of silica |
| When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions? Hematemesis Cyanosis Rhinitis Hemoptysis | Hemoptysis |
| Which assessment finding would be expected in pulmonary embolism (PE)? (Select all that apply.) Chest pain Tachycardia Tachypnea Fever Hemoptysis | Chest pain Tachycardia Tachypnea Fever Hemoptysis |
| Airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is related to: increased sympathetic nervous system response. the release of stress hormones. exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation. hereditary decrease in IgE responsiveness. | exposure to an allergen causing mast cell degranulation. |
| A 7 month old presents with cystic fibrosis (CF) accompanied by failure to thrive and frequent, loose, and oily stools. Sweat testing confirms the diagnosis. Which of the following is characteristic of CF? Autoantibodies that target the lungs and pancrea | Thick mucous sputum |
| A newborn experiencing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) will demonstrate signs: within minutes of birth. 2–3 hours after birth. within the first 12–24 hours after birth. 24–48 hours after exposure to an infectious organism. | within minutes of birth. |
| A 5 year old presents with high fever, inspiratory stridor, severe respiratory distress, drooling, and dysphagia. Acute epiglottitis is suspected. When assessing the child, the nurse would avoid: trying to keep the child calm. examining the throat for r | examining the throat for redness. |
| A newborn is diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome. When obtaining the patient’s history, which of the following is the most important predisposing factor for this condition? Low birth weight Alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy Pr | Premature birth |
| To prevent sudden infant death syndrome, the nurse should instruct parents to: place infants on a soft mattress for sleeping. always lay infants down on their backs to sleep. breastfeed their infants. keep the infant’s room very warm. | always lay infants down on their backs to sleep. |
| A 2-week-old female presents with fever, productive cough, respiratory distress, and empyema. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? Viral pneumonia Pneumococcal pneumonia Staphylococcal pneumonia Myco | Staphylococcal pneumonia |
Created by:
adricela55