Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
RAD B : 8-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "soma" is _ for what? | greek; "body" |
| _ effects depends on absorbed dose | somatic |
| radiation of germ cells that has effects on future generations | genetic effects |
| in tissue reactions: as the dose increases the severity _ | increases (example: sun exposure) |
| what are some biological effects from early tissue reactions | nausea, fatigue, erythema, epilation (hair loss), blood disorders, intestinal disorders (damage to epithelial tissue), fever, desquamation (shedding of outer layer of skin) |
| what is acute radiation syndrome (ARS) | radiation sickness, usually doses of 6 rad or more in a short period of time |
| what are the three dose-related syndromes for ARS | 1. hematopoietic syn 2. gastrointestinal syn 3. cerebrovascular syn |
| hematopoietic syndrome is sometimes called | bone marrow syndrome |
| hematopoietic syndrome is absorbed dose of | 1-10 Gy (100-1000 rads) |
| because RBC, WBC, & platelets are destroyed with hematopoietic syndrome what consequences can we expect to see | infection, hemorrhage, anemia |
| what is the recovery for pts whom get 1-2 Gy (hematopoietic) | 3-6 weeks, with bone marrow transplant |
| what are the symptoms of gastrointestinal syndrome | severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, anemia, leukopenia |
| what is the exposure for gastrointestinal syndrome | 6-10 Gy |
| what is typically the lasting effect of gastro syn | death within 3-10 days |
| the exposure for cebrovascular syn is | 50 Gy or more |
| what are the symptoms of cerbrovascular syn | nervousness, confusion, diarrhea, loss of vision, burning sensation, stupor, agitation |
| what is the timeline of death for cerebrovascular syndrome | death in a few hours to 2-3 days |
| what are the four stages of ARS | 1. prodromal 2. latent 3. manifest illness, 4. Recovery or death |
| how many people were hospitilized with ARS from Chernobyl | 203 |
| damage to tissues used to estimate radiation dose | biologic dosimetry |
| the amount of dose where 50% of the population will not survive after a 30 days period | lethal dose : LD 50/30 |
| for adult humans the estimated dose is | 3-4 Gy |
| dose response curve | review graph representation** |
| what is the threshold for exposure having no fatalities | 1 Gy |
| cells contain _ _ which allow the cell to recover | repair enzymes |
| _ cells have a better prospect for recovery | oxygenated |
| because radiation is cumulative, approximately _ % of the radiation induced damage will be irreparable, whereas the remaining _ % may be repaired over time | 10, 90 |
| organ and tissue response to radiation exp depends on what three things | 1. radiosensitivity 2. reproductive characteristics 3. growth rate |
| what tissues suffer immediate consequences from high exposure | skin, reproductive organs, bone marrow |
| what are the three layers of the skin | epidermis (outer layer) dermis (middle layer) hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) |
| accessory structures of the skin include | hair follicles, sensory receptors, sebaceous glands, sweat glands |
| radiodermatitis | cancerous lesions, reddening of the skin |
| desquamation | shedding of the skin (moist first the dry) |
| epilation | - loss of hair (alopecia) : temporary or permanent - exposure to follicles |
| Grenz rays | -used to treat ringworm - if done to the head can result in alopecia of the scalp -10-20 kVp |
| what studies seen today can still result in effects on the seen | cardiovascular or therapeutic IR procedures |
| what is the effects on men and women reproductive systems | - men: depress sperm cell - women: supress or delay menstruation |
| hematologic effects = | whole body dose as low as .25 Gy which can depress blood cell production |
| what are the types of cells in the hematopoietic system | lymphocytes, neutrophils, granulocytes, thrombocytes, ertythrocytes |
| the hematopoietic system consists of | bone marrow, circulating blood, lymphoid organs |
| cells in the hematopoietic system all develop from a single precursor cell called | pluripotential stem cell |
| study of cell genetic with emphasis on cell chromosomes | cytogenetics |
| chromosome map- consists of photograph of nucleus | karyotype |
| phase of cell division in which chromosome damage can be evaluated | metaphase |
| effects that are random | stochastic |
| radiation induced damage at the cellular level that may lead to measurable somatic and hereditary damage ---- LATER | late effects |
| what are examples of late biologic damage in late effects | cataracts, leukemia, genetic mutations |
| non linear dose response curves refer to | - curve in the line |
| linear dose response | - straight line |
| for stochastic effects: the probability is _ proportional to dose | directly |
| for tissue reactions the probability and severity are _ proportional to dose | directly |
| no conclusive proof exxisits that low-level ionizing radiation exposure belwo _ causes signgificant increase in malignancy | 0.1Gy |
| carninogenesis is a _ effect | stochastic |
| cataractogenesis is a _ effect | tissue |
| stages of gestation in humans | - preimplantation (0-9 day) - organogenesis (10 days to 12 w) - fetal stage (12- 40 w _ |
| when is the embryo the most radiosensitive | during the first trimester |
| t/f there is no such thing as a 100% safe gonadal radiation dose | true |
| the radiaiton dose that causes the number of spontaneous mutation occuring in a given generation to increase to two times their original dose | doubling dose concept |
| doing genetic effects have a threshold dose | no |
| what is the mean value for the doubling dose concept | 1.56 Sv |
Created by:
macummins1