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Astronomy Test 2
Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Stellar Evolution – | The life cycle of a star, from birth to death. |
| Gravity | The force that holds a star together and drives its evolution. |
| Nuclear Fusion | The process in which hydrogen turns into helium, releasing energy. |
| Main Sequence | The longest and most stable phase of a star’s life. |
| Red Giant – | A swollen, cooling star that has used up most of its hydrogen fuel. |
| White Dwarf | A small, dense leftover core of a low-mass star. |
| Neutron Star | A super-dense core left after a massive star explodes. |
| Black Hole – | An extremely dense object with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. |
| Supernova – | A massive explosion that occurs when a high-mass star collapses. |
| H-R Diagram – | A chart that classifies stars based on temperature and brightness. |
| Interstellar Gas Clouds | The birthplaces of stars, composed of hydrogen, helium, dust, and other elements. |
| Protostar – | The early stage of a forming star before nuclear fusion begins. |
| CNO Cycle – | A fusion process in high-mass stars where carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen act as catalysts. |
| Triple Alpha Process – | A nuclear reaction where helium fuses into carbon in the late stages of a star’s life. |
| Planetary Nebula – | The outer layers of a dying low-mass star that have been ejected into space. |
| Supernova Remnant – | The expanding debris left after a supernova explosion. |
| Degeneracy Pressure – | A quantum effect that prevents white dwarfs and neutron stars from collapsing further. |
| Kilonova – | The collision of two neutron stars, creating heavy elements like gold and platinum. |
| Type Ia Supernova – | An explosion caused by a white dwarf accumulating too much mass from a companion star. |
| Type II Supernova – | A massive star explosion triggered by iron core collapse. |
| Stellar Remnants - | The final stages of a star's life. |
| Neutron Star - | A super-dense core left after a massive star explodes as a supernova |
| Black Hole - | A region in space with gravity so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. |
| Electron Degeneracy Pressure - | The force that supports a white dwarf from collapsing. |
| Chandrasekhar Limit - | The maximum mass (1.4 times the Sun’s mass) a white dwarf can have before collapsing into a neutron star or black hole. |
| Supernova - | A powerful explosion of a dying massive star. |
| Pulsar - | A rotating neutron star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation. |
| Event Horizon - | The boundary of a black hole beyond which nothing can escape. |
| Hawking Radiation - | Theoretical radiation emitted by black holes, proposed by Stephen Hawking. |
| Singularity - | The infinitely dense center of a black hole. |
| Magnetar - | A neutron star with an extremely strong magnetic field. |
| Quark Star - | A hypothetical type of star denser than a neutron star. |
| Nova - | A nuclear explosion on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. |
| Gravitational Redshift - | The process where light loses energy escaping a strong gravitational field. |
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