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Medical Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| differential diagnosis | a list of conditions the patient may have based on the symptoms exhibited and the results of the exam |
| mortality | the risk of dying |
| prophylaxis | preventive treatment |
| medial | toward the middle |
| tachy | fast |
| supine | laying down on back |
| post-op | after surgery |
| contralateral | opposite side |
| unilateral | one side |
| sagittal | divides body from left to right |
| hemat/o | blood |
| QHS | at bedtime |
| SOAP | subjective, objective, assessment, plan |
| pre- | before |
| tachy- | fast |
| brady- | slow |
| ectomy- | removal |
| PRN | as needed |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| my/o | muscle |
| anterier | front |
| distal | away from the center |
| subjective | description of patients problems in their own words |
| PO | per mouth |
| PE | physical exam |
| plan | what the provider recommends to the patient- (surgery/meds) |
| CC | chief complaint |
| CVL | central venous line |
| supine | laying face/stomach up |
| IV | intravenous |
| cutane/o | skin |
| muscl/o | muscle |
| QID | 4xs a day |
| PC | after meals |
| vas/o | blood vessel |
| hemat/o | blood |
| -gram | written record |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| TID | 3xs a day |
| -graph | instrument used to produce a record |
| pro- | before, on behalf |
| post | after |
| objective | data collected to assist in understanding the nature of the problem |
| AC | before meals |
| pneumon/o | lungs |
| -centesis | puncture |
| bilateral | both sides |
| dorsum | top of feet/hands |
| sagital | divides L and R sides |
| inferier | below |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| CTA | clear to auscultation |
| PR | per rectum |
| NKDA | no known drug allergies |
| PCP | primary care physician |
| assessment | cause of the problem |
| a- | not |
| re- | again |
| de- | down, away from |
| dermat/o | skin |
| derm/o | skin |
| BID | 2xs a day |
| QD | every day |
| angie/o | blood vessel |
| -scopy | process of looking |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| anti- | against |
| contra- | against |
| DDx | differential diagnosis |
| SC | subcutaneous |
| IM | intramuscular |
| Pt | patient |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| Hx | history |
| H & P | history and physical |
| HPI | history of present illness |
| Tx | treatment |
| h/o | history of |
| f/u | follow up |
| RRR | regular rate & rhythm |
| FHx | family history |
| prone | laying face down |
| unlateral | one side |
| plantar | bottom of the foot |
| posterier | back |
| lateral | side of the body |
| medial | towards the center |
| palmer | palms |
| ultima | last syllable |
| eponym | word formed by including the name of the person who discovered it |
| antepenult | the one that is just before the penult |
| penult | almost last syllable |
| prefix | added to the beginning of a term when needed to further modify the root |
| superier | above |
| ROS | review of systems |
| PERRLA | pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accomodation |
| NOS | not otherwise specified |
| NAD | no acute distress |
| A+O | alert & oriented |
| y/o | year old |
| Rx | prescription |
| Review of systems | description of individuals body systems in order to discover any systems not related to the main problem |
| -scope | instrument used to look |
| hem/o | blood |
| an- | not |
| ante- | before |
| what will you find in the subjective? | FHx, PMx |
| differential diagnosis | list of possible causes of patient problems or complaints |
| what will you find in the plan? | medications to take, surgery, further tests |
| what two ancient languages do medical terms mostly come from? | Greek and Latin |
| what will you find in the objective? | what the tests reveal. data collected from the provider |
| suffix | ending that gives essential meaning to the term |
| unremarkable | normal |
| -itis | inflammation |
| eal | pertaining to |
| peri- | around |
| sub | beneath |
| inter- | between |
| icle | small |
| ac- | pertaining to |
| epi- | upon |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -ous | pertaining to |
| -ism | condition |
| trans- | across, beyond |
| -tomy | incision |
| -lysis | loosen, break down |
| -algia | pain |
| -cele | hernia |
| -iatry | medical science |
| -stomy | creation of an opening |
| -rrhaphy | suture |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -ia | condition, state or disease |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -ium | tissue or structure |
| -logy | study of |
| ecto- | outside |
| endo- | inside |
| extra- | outside of |
| exo- | outside of |
| ab- | away |
| ad- | toward |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -iasis | presence of |
| -logist | specialist in study of |
| -ist | specialist |
| -iatrist | specialist in the medicine of |
| -rrhea | flow |
| -iatrics | medical science |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -oid | resembling |
| what will you find in the assessment? | where the conclusion of the subjective and objective can be found. if a single cause isn't evident- a list of most likely causes (DD) |
| skin serves as what? | protection to the body |
| the integumentary system is made up of what? | skin, hair, nerves, glands and nails |
| what layer is epidermis layer of the skin? | outermost layer |
| epidermis | outermost layer of the skin |
| dermis | middle layer of the skin |
| hair follicles | holds the hair into the dermis; nourish the skin |
| nerves | detect pressure, temp and pain. |
| glands | sweat glands release sweat. sebaceous glands secrete sebum (oil) |
| nails | protect fingers and toes; provides base for movement |
| adip/o | fat |
| lip/o | fat |
| steat/o | fat |
| pil/o | hair |
| trich/o | hair |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| squam/o | scale |
| onych/o | nail |
| ungu/o | nail |
| seb/o | oil |
| sebace/o | oil |
| Kerat/o- | unusual skin texture |
| Xer/o- | unusual skin texture |
| Crypt/o- | unusual skin texture |
| Leuk/o- | unusual skin color |
| Erythr/o- | unusual skin color |
| Xanth/o- | unusual skin color |
| Melan/o- | unusual skin color |
| keratin | specialized tissue made of hard substance |
| kerat/o- | hardness or horniness skin texture |
| xer/o- | dryness of the skin |
| leuk/o- | whitness of the skin |
| erythr/o- | redness of the skin |
| xanth/o- | yellowness of the skin |
| melan/o- | blackness of the skin |
| alb/o | white |
| breakdown: leukoderma | white skin |
| breakdown: keratosis | hardness skin condition |
| identify the 3 roots: skin | derm/a; derm/o; cutane/o |
| identify the 2 roots: nail | ugnu/o; onych/o |
| build a med term: nail disease | onycholysis |
| build a med term: pertaining to the skin | dermatitis |
| dermatalgia | painful skin rash |
| dermatodynia | painful skin rash |
| pruritus | itchy skin rash |
| urticaria | hives |
| seborrhea | oily secretion |
| xerosis | very dry skin |
| macerate | very wet skin |
| hyperhidrosis | produces too much sweat |
| anhidrosis | doesn't produce enough sweat |
| depigmentation | loss of skin pigmentation |
| hypermelanosis | darkening of the skin |
| alopecia | hair loss (baldness) |
| hypertrichosis | too much hair |
| abrasion | scraping away of the skin (scratch) |
| albinism | lack of pigment in skin (white skin color) |
| albino | person with albinism |
| cyanhidrosis | blue sweat condition |
| comedo | hair follicle that is plugged with sebum (white/black head) |
| dermatolysis | skin loose |
| make the word: hemat/hidr/osis | blood sweat condition |
| make the word: hidro/poiesis | sweat formation |
| make the word: hyper/kerat/osis | over horny condition (excessive growth of hard skin) |
| -phagia | eat |
| rhyti- | wrinkle |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| macerate | to soften the skin |
| urticaria (latin: burning nettle) | swollen raised itchy areas of the skin |
| breakdown component parts: xeroderma | xero/derma |
| breakdown component parts: hyperkeratosis | hyper/kerat/osis |
| breakdown component parts: rhytidermia | rhyti/dermia |
| breakdown component parts: sebopoeisis | sebo/poeisis |
| breakdown component parts: trichomegaly | tricho/megaly |
| remarkable | worthy of attention; abnormal |
| papules | small bumps (under 1 cm) |
| nodules | bumps bigger than 1 cm |
| plaques | large flat bumps |
| localized | limited to a specific area |
| generalized | all over the body |
| centripetal | rashes that spread from the outside in |
| centrifugal | rashes that start from the middle and work their way outward |
| vesicles | small bumps filled with clear fluid |
| pustules | small bumps filled with pus |
| bulla | blister |
| abscess | large bumps filled with pus |
| macule or macula | small flat spots (freckles) |
| patches | large flat spots |
| cherry angioma | too many blood vessels in one area |
| telangiectasia | flat and visible heavy concentration of blood vessels (spider veins) |
| petechiae | small bruises under the skin |
| ecchymosis | larger bruises |
| burn | injury to skin cells that is caused by exposure to harmful agents |
| what 3 important skin functions are impaired when the skin is burned? | ability to regulate heat, regulate hydration and fight infection |
| a burn to that is superficial | 1st degree burn |
| deep burn that involves the dermis | 2nd degree burn |
| burn that injures the subcutaneous tissue | 3rd degree burn |
| burn that involves underlying tissues | 4th degree burn |
| skin biopsy | procedure to remove cells from the surface to be examined by microscope |
| shave biopsy | cells sliced by a blade |
| tumor | larger solid mass |
| ves/ | bladder |
| erosion | loss of skin (eat away) |
| fissure | crack in the skin |
| scale | skin flaking off |
| crust | dried substance on the skin |
| vascular lesion | wounds related to blood vessels |
| cicatrix | scar |
| keloid | growth of scar tissue |
| epidermal tumor | tumor on the skin |
| nevus | mole |
| dysplastic nevus | mole with changes/formations (usually precancerous) |
| verruca | wart |
| culture and sensitivity | growing organisms in isolation in order to determine which drugs they might respond to |
| Bx | biopsy |
| biopsy | remove tissue to exam with your eyes |
| excisional biopsy | removal of entire lesion to exam |
| incisional biopsy | removal of portion of lesion to exam |
| dermatoscope | instrument used to look at the skin |
| dermatoscopy | procedure for looking at the skin |
| adipocele | hernia filled with fatty tissue |
| dermatofibroma | fibrous skin tumor |
| erythrocyanosis | red or blue discoloration of the skin |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| onychia | nail condition |
| onychocryptosis | ingrown nail |
| onycholysis | loss of nail |
| onychomalacia | abnormal softening of the nail |
| antihistamine | opposes effect of histamine |
| antiseptic | opposes growth of microorganisms |
| anesthetic | temporarily blocks sensation |
| antibiotic | prevents sepsis by killing organisms |
| antipruritic | prevents itching |
| SC/SQ | subcutaneous |
| ID | intradermal |
| AK | actinic keratosis |
| ABCDE | asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving |
| -adipo | fat |
| steat/o- | hair |
| -aden/o | gland |
| trich/o- | hair |
| pil/o- | hair |
| lacrim/o | tear |
| darcy/o | tear |
| opthalmoscope | instrument used for looking at the eye (penlight) |
| optomyometer | device used to determine the strength of the eye muscle |
| phacoscope | instrument for looking at the lens |
| blepharedema | swelling of the eye |
| blepharoptosis | drooping of the eye |
| blepharopyorrhea | pus draining from the eyelids |
| exophthalamos | eye bulging from the orbit |
| esotropia | one eye angled inward |
| exotropia | one eye angled outward |
| nystagmus | jittery abnormal movement of the eye |
| papilledema | swelling of the optic nerve |
| tonometer | checks pressure inside the eye |
| binocular | pertaining to both eyes |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to nose and tears |
| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| opthalmologist | eye specialist |
| optokinetic | pertaining to eye movement |
| hypoacusis | decreased sensitivity to sound |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ear |
| vertigo | dizziness |
| otorrhea | ear discharge |
| iridokinesis | movement of the iris |
| dacryopyorrhea | discharge of pus in tears |
| optic | pertaining to the eye |
| strabismus | condition where the eyes deviate when looking at the same object |
| retinal | pertaining to the retina |
| keratomalacia | abnormal softening of the cornea |
| audiometer | instrument to measure hearing |
| dacryolith | hard formation in the tear system |
| conjunctivitus | pink eye |
| scleromalacia | abnormal softening of the sclera |
| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac |
| phacomalacia | abnormal softening of the lens |
| dacryocystotomy | incision into the tear sac |
| audiometry | procedure for measuring hearing |
| enucleation | removal of the entire eye |
| dacryostenosis | narrowing of the tear duct |
| dacryoadenectomy | removal of the tear gland |
| OS | left eye |
| OD | right eye |
| OU | both eyes |
| audi/o | sound |
| -acusis | hearing condition |
| acous/o | sound |
| auro/o | ear |
| ot/o | ear |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| right ear | AD |
| left ear | AS |
| both ears | AU |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate |
| breakdown: osteitis | bone inflammation |
| breakdown: carpitis | wrist inflammation |
| breakdown: costectomy | removal of a rib |
| breakdown: tendinitis | inflammation of a tendon |
| breakdown: bursitis | inflammation of the bursa |
| breakdown: arthritis | inflammation of the joint |
| breakdown: hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| breakdown: myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
| breakdown: myotonia | muscle tone |
| breakdown: arthroscope | instrument for looking into the joint |
| tars/o | ankle |
| lumb/o | loin, or lower back |
| femor/o | femur |
| fasci/o | fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles together |
| burs/o | small fluid-filled sacs near the joints |
| -dynia | pain |
| cervico- | neck |
| breakdown: costalgia | rib pain |
| breakdown: myospasm | involuntary contraction of a muscle |
| -osis | condition |
| osteo- | bone |
| scler | hardening |
| poly | many |
| dactyl | finger |
| -y | condition |
| breakdown: arthrography | joint recording process |
| breakdown: arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint |
| neur/o | nerves |
| crani/o | head or skull |
| psych/o | mind |
| hypn/o | sleep |
| somn/o | sleep |
| -mania | excessive desire |
| cerebr/o | brain |
| esthesi/o | sensation or feeling |
| -paresis | slight or partial paralysis |
| myel/o | spinal cord/bone marrow |
| encephal/o | brain |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| mening/o | membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| epilepsy | disease marked by seizures |
| narcolepsy | disease characterized by sudden uncontrolled sleepiness |
| dementia | loss or decline in mental function |
| postictal | time after a seizure |
| preictal | time before a seizure |
| cerebral angiography | procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| cerebral embolism | blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object |
| cerebral thrombosis | blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a clot |
| ischemic stroke | stroke where blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by blood loss |
| cerebrotomy | incision into the brain |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain |
| asthenia | weakness |
| mening/o | membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| ganglion/o | nerve bundles |
| myel/o | spinal cord or bone marrow |
| breakdown: encephalalgia | brain pain |
| breakdown: synesthesia | together sensation |
| breakdown: apathy | without feeling; lack of emotion |
| breakdown: polyneuritis | inflammation of many nerves |
| breakdown: cephalodynia | head pain |
| breakdown: neuralgia | nerve pain |
| breakdown: craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| breakdown: intercerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| breakdown: craniectomy | removal of a piece of the skull |
| breakdown: parathesia | abnormal sensation in the skin |
| breakdown: kleptomania | excessive desire to steal |
| identify bones of the upper extremities: | ulna, humerus, radius, carpus |
| how many bones does an adult have? | 206 |
| narrowing/closing of a joint | adduction |
| breakdown: osteocyte | bone cells |
| vertebrae columns from top to bottom | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral |
| bones of your fingers | phalanges |
| root words that mean bone | oste/o and peri/o |
| abduction | widening of a joint to move parts away from the body |
| skeletal muscle encased in a thick membrane | epimysium |
| kinesiology | study of movement |
| ankylodactyl | stiff fingers |
| ataxia | inability to move |
| dystonia | lack of muscle stregnth |
| ankyl/o | stiff |
| electromyogram | record |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a bone |
| spondyl/o | vertebrae or spine |
| cost/o | rib |
| oste/o | bone |
| tibia/o | shin |
| metatars/o | foot bone |
| analgesic | pain relief agent |
| what does RICE stand for? | rest, ice, compression. elevation |
| anti-inflammatory | a drug that opposes inflammation throughout the body |
| the abbreviation of ORIF | open reduction in fascia |
| antiarthritic | drug that opposes joint inflammation |
| antipyretic | drug that opposes fever |
| anti-inflammatory | drug that opposes general inflammation |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug | NSAID |
| central nervous system make up what? | spinal cord and brain |
| "little brain" means? | cerebellum |
| how many hemispheres does the brain have? | 2 |
| tachyphasia | a disease when someone talks too fast |
| gnosis/o | to know |
| phas/o | speech |
| phren/o | mind |
| the nervous system is divided into two parts called: | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
| the nervous system is involved in how we what? | behave: emotions, opinions and beliefs |
| sensory system involves what? | eyes, nose, ears and skin |
| what makes up the central nervous system? | spinal cord and brain |
| impairments of muscle tone: | catatonia and dystonia |
| impairments of coordination: | ataxia |
| impairments of speech: | aphasia and dysphasia |
| axial | center |
| appendicular | arms and legs |
| axial skeleton includes: | skull, spine, sternum and ribs |
| appendicular skeleton includes: | upper extremities (arms wrist hands) lower extremities (legs ankles and feet) |
| anterior/posterior ligaments of the knee (cruciates) | ACL; PCL |
| medial/lateral ligaments of the knee (collaterals) | MCL; LCL |
| osteopathy | medical practice that uses massages to treat medical disorders of the bones, joints and muscles |
| periosteum | the fibrous that covers the outer surface of all bones |
| craniometer | measuring device for skulls |
| craniomalacia | the softening of the skull bones |
| cervical spine | neck region of your spinal column or backbone |
| cervicitis | inflammation of the cervix |
| spondylitis | arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints of the spine |
| lumbar | lower back region |
| lumbodynia | chronic pain in the lumbar region |
| brachiocephalic | structures related to both the arm and head |
| brachialgia | arm pain |
| adactyly | missing fingers |
| dactylitis | inflammation in the fingers |
| carpal | wrist bone |
| costectomy | surgical procedure that removes some or all of the rib |
| intercostal | muscle between the ribs |
| femoral artery | major blood vessel supplying the lower limbs |
| tibialgia | aka shin splint- inflammation of the muscle in the shin |
| tarsitis | inflammation in the sinus tarsi (a space on the outside of the ankle between the ankle bone and the heel bone) |
| tarsalgia | aching pain from the foot bone |
| what is it called where two bones meet? | joint |
| joints are held together by what two tissues? | ligaments and tendons |
| what supportive structures do joints have? | cartilage and bursae |
| chondritis | inflammation of the cartilage |
| chondrodynia | inflammation of the cartilage that connects the rib to the breastbone |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| arthroscopic surgery | surgery that involves a small camera |
| bursitis | inflammation of a bursa |
| bursectomy | surgical procedure to remove a small, fluid-filled sac within a joint when it becomes inflammed |
| what are the three types of muscles? | skeletal, cardiac and smooth |
| tenodynia | pain in a tendon |
| tendolysis | surgical procedure that frees a tendon from surrounding adhesions |
| tendinitis | inflammation of the tendons |
| musculoskeletal system | the body's network that provides structure, support and movement |
| myopathy | disease that affects the muscles |
| myositis | inflammation in the muscles. causes weakness, fatigue and pain |
| fasciotomy | surgical procedure cutting through the fascia |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| word parts: muscles that allow you to move | kinesi/o |
| word parts: create and maintain posture by having a constant pressure or tone | ton/o |
| word parts: the nervous system sends signals to the muscle to contract (move or create tone) | tax/o |
| word parts: disorders of movement (2) | -paresis and -plegia |
| what is the most common musculoskeletal complaint? | pain |
| genu varum shows what kind of abnormal leg structure? | bow legged |
| genu valgum shows what kind of abnormal leg structure? | knees in |
| changes in joints | ankylosis, crepitus |
| changes in muscle tone | hypotonia, hypertonia |
| changes in coordination, movement or twitches | dystaxia, ataxia, dyskinesia, bradykinesia, myospasm |
| general bone pain | ostalgia, ostealgia, osteodynia |
| specific bone pain | costalgia, metatarsalgia, spondylodynia, tibialgia |
| conditions of painful joints | arthralgia, arthrodynia, cervicodynia |
| conditions of abnormal movement | bradykinesia, dyskinesia, hypokinesia, hyperkinesia |
| conditions of abnormal tone | dystonia, hypertonia, hypotonia |
| miscellaneous problems of muscles | graphospasm, myospasm, myalgia, myodynia, tenalgia. myasthenia |
| diagnostic procedure for bones: | observation (limp, pain from pressure) |
| radiologic tests: | Xray, CAT or CT scan, MRI |
| diagnostic procedures for joints: | arthrocentesis, arthrogram, arthroscope, arthroscopy, arthrography |
| diagnostic procedures for muscles: | electromyogram, electromyography, myography |
| spinal curvatures: | scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis |
| congenital anomalies: | syndactyly, polydactyly |
| bone inflammation: | carpitis, spondylitis |
| miscellaneous bone conditions: | osteodystrophy, osteolysis, osteonecrosis, osteosclerosis, exostosis, craniomalacia, spondylomalacia, tarsoptosis |
| how many bone fractures are possible? | 6 |
| name the bone fractures (6) | transverse, oblique, spiral, angulated, displaced, angulated & displaced |
| conditions of joints: | bursolith, effusion, hemathrosis, hydrarthrosis, pyarthrosis |
| conditions of muscles related to size: | atrophy, myolysis, hypertrophy |
| conditions of muscle related to how it feels: | myomalacia, myosclerosis. myotonia, myotasis |
| miscellaneous muscle conditions: | myocele |
| inflammatory conditions of bones: | dactylitis, hypertrophic spondylitis, osteitis, osteochondritis, osteomyelitis |
| tumors of the bone: | osteosarcoma, osteochondroma |
| congenital bone disease: | osteogenesis imperfecta |
| miscellaneous bone conditions: | craniosynostosis, osteopenia, osteopathy, osteoporosis, osteomalacia |
| conditions associated with the vertebra: | spondylosis, spinal stenosis, spondyloarthropathy, spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis |
| conditions related to joint inflammation: | arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, septic arthritis |
| miscellaneous joint conditions: | arthropathy, arthrocele, arthrodysplasia, arthrosclerosis, subluxation |
| conditions of the bursa: | bursitis, bursopathy |
| conditions of cartilage: | achondroplasia, chondroma, chondromalacia, costochondritis |
| conditions associated with muscles: | myopathy, myositis, polymyositis, myoma, myosarcoma, musclular dystrophy, myoclonus, myasthenia, myofasciitis, tardive dyskinesia |
| conditions associated with tissues of the musculoskeletal system: (3) | fasciitis, necrotizing fasciitis, tendinitis |
| drugs to treat musculoskeletal problems: (4) | antiarthritic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic |
| removal of bones: | ostectomy, craniectomy, costectomy, metacarpectomy, carpectomy, tarsectomy |
| correcting bone fractures: | closed reduction, open reduction, external fixation, internal fixation |
| miscellaneous devices for bones: | orthotics, prosthetics |
| procedures: | osteoclasia, tarsoclasia, osteotomy, osteoplasty, sternotomy, spondylosyndesis |
| treatment of the joints: | arthrectomy, arthroclasia, arthrotomy, arthroplasty, arthrolysis, arthrodesis |
| treatment of joint structures: | bursectomy, bursotomy, chondrectomy, chondroplasty |
| treatment of muscles: | myectomy, myodesis, myomectomy, myoplasty, myorraphy, myotomy |
| treatment of fascia: | fasciectomy, fasciodesis, fascioplasty, fasciorraphy, fasciotomy |
| treatment of tendons: | tenotomy, tenorrhaphy, tenolysis, tenodesis, tenoplasty, tendonectomy |
| how are vertebrae identified? | by their location and number C1-C7. T1-T12. L1-L5. S1-S5 |
| what are the abbreviations of conditions? | OA, RA |
| what are the abbreviations that describe the pts activity level? | FROM, ROM |
| abbreviation for tests? | DTR |
| abbreviations for treatments? | EMG, NSAID, ORIF, PT, RICE, WB, WBAT |
| the ___ ___ sends messages to the brain via nerves | sensory system |
| the ___ makes sense of information and determines action | brain |
| the sensory system consists of what? | eyes, ears, nose and skin |
| what is the largest part of the brain called? | cerebrum |
| what's located under the cerebrum? | cerebellum |
| what are the protective membranes that cover the central nervous system called? | meninges |
| the tough outer layer of the CNS is called what? | dura |
| words of nervous system: cerebro/, encephal/o | cerebropathy, cerebrospinal, encephalitis, encephalogram |
| words of nervous system: cerebell/o | cerebellar, cerebellitis |
| words of nervous system: lob/o | lobotomy, lobectomy |
| words of nervous system: cephal/o | microcephaly, macrocephaly |
| words of nervous system: crani/o | craniometer, craniomalacia |
| words of nervous system: dur/o | epidural, subdural hematoma |
| words of nervous system: mening/o | meningitis, meningopathy |
| words of nervous system:neur/o | neuralgia, neuropathy |
| words of nervous system: gangli/o | ganglion, gangliitis |
| words of nervous system: myel/o | myelitis, myelodysplasia |
| words of nervous system: esthesi/o | anesthesia, hyperesthesia |
| words of nervous system: phas/o | aphasia |
| words of nervous system: phren/o, psych/o | phrentic, psychology |
| words of nervous system: somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o | somnography, insomnia, hypnosis |
| words of nervous system: gnosi/o | agnosia, diagnosis, prognosis |
| words of nervous system: -mania | pyromania, kleptomania |
| words of nervous system: -phobia | photophobia, hydrophobia |
| words of nervous system: -paresis | hemiparesis |
| words of nervous system: ton/o | dystonia, tonograph |
| words of nervous system: tax/o | ataxia, hypotaxia |
| words of nervous system: -plegia | quadriplegia |
| words of nervous system: -asthenia | myasthenia, phonasthenia |
| CNS complaints: | fainting, speaking, reading |
| signals sent from the brain from the peripheral nervous system: | sensory and motor |
| psychiatric complaints: | emotional problems- (depression and anxiety). mania, erratic behaviors, phobias, delirium, dementia |
| impairments of speech: | aphasia and dysphasia |
| impairment of coordination: | ataxia |
| impairments of muscle tone: | catatonia and dystonia |
| impairments of mental function: | delirium, dementia, dyslexia |
| impairment of movement: | dyskinesia |
| impairment associated with twitching: | myoclonus |
| impairment associated with muscle contraction: | myospasm |
| impairment associated with muscle weakness: | neurasthenia |
| impairments associated with sleep: | insomnia, somnambulism |
| impairment associated with loss of blood flow to the brain: | synocope |
| conditions of head pain: | cephalalgia, encephalalgia, cephalodynia |
| conditions of nerve pain: | neuralgia, neurodynia |
| partial loss of sensation and movement: | paresis, hemiparesis, monoparesis |
| complete loss of sensation and movement: | paralysis, hemiplegia, monoplegia |
| conditions of sensations: | dysesthesia, hyperesthesia, paresthesia, synesthesia |
| miscellaneous condition of feelings/sensations: | causalgia |
| abnormal fears (phobias) | acrophobia, agoraphobia, hydrophobia, photophobia |
| abnormal desires (manias) | pyromania, kleptomania |
| conditions of the structure of the brain: | cerebellitis, cerebral atrophy, duritis |
| conditions associated with hematomas: | hematoma, cranial hematoma, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma |
| conditions associated with the size of the skull: | microcephaly, macrocephaly |
| conditions associated with herniations: | encephalocele, meningocele, myelocele, myelomeningocele |
| conditions associated with nerves: | neurities, polyneuritis, neuroma, neurosclerosis |
| condition associated with the spinal cord: | myelomalacia |
| conditions related to comprehension: | agnosia, prosopagnosia |
| condition related to emotion: | apathy |
| condition related to muscle movement: | hyperkinesia |
| condition related to weakness | neurasthenia |
| miscellaneous neurologic conditions: | neuroglycopenia, nystagmus |
| afferent nerve: (sensory neurons) | sends signals to the CNS |
| efferent nerve: (motor nerve) | sends signals away from the CNS |
| terms related to seizures: | preictal, interictal, postictal |
| conditions related to altered blood flow: | cerebrovascular accident (CVA), stroke (hemorrhagic and ischemic), transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| conditions related to cerebrovascular disease | cerebral aneurysm, cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral thrombosis |
| conditions of the skull | craniomalacia, craniosclerosis, craniostenosis, craniosynostosis |
| conditions of the meninges: | meningioma, meningopathy, meningitis, meningoencephalitis |
| conditions of the spinal cord | myelitis, myelodysplasia, myelopathy |
| conditions of the mind | anorexia, bulimia, dysphoria, euphoria, hypomania, manic depression (bipolar), psychopathy, psychosis, schizophrenia |
| misc conditions of the mind | autism, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, myasthenia. narcolepsy |
| medications used for nervous system disorders | anesthetics, anticonvulsants, psychiatric meds |
| surgical interventions to treat nervous system disorder | destroy clots, repair nerves, restructure bones of the skull and vertebrae |
| drugs to block pain (anesthetics) | local, regional. general. topical, epidural |
| psychiatric drugs used | anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, psychotropic, psychopharmacology |
| misc drugs that treat conditions of nervous system | chemotherapy, thrombolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, analgesic, neuropharmacology |
| surgical procedures of the brain | cerebrotomy, lobotomy, lobectomy |
| surgical procedures on the vessels that affect the brain | endarterectomy, endovascular neurosurgery |
| surgical procedures of the skull | craniectomy, craniotomy |
| surgical procedures on nerves | neurotomy, neurorrhaphy, neuroplasty, neurolysis, neurectomy |
| abbreviations related to mental conditions | ADHD, OCD |
| abbreviations related to the nervous system conditions | ALS, CP, CVA |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| dystonia | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm | involuntary muscle contraction |
| ton/o means: | muscle tone, pressure, tension |
| syncope | fainting |
| neuroasthenia | nerve weakness |
| inflammation of the cerebellum | cerebellitis |
| CVA cereb | accident involving the blood vessels of the brain |
| stroke | loss of brain function |
| TIA | mini stroke |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke where the blood loss is caused by rupture of the blood vessels |
| ischemic stroke | stroke caused by blockage |
| cerebral thrombosis | The blockage of a blood vessel on the brain caused by a blood clot |
| image of the spinal cord | myelogram |
| CNS tumors | astrocytoma, medulloblastomas, glioblastomas |
| what is the overall function of the endocrine system? | maintain homeostasis |
| signals are sent from one organ to to another via the what? | bloodstream |
| how does the endocrine system work? | sends signals to other organs and receives signals from other organs |
| glands secrete what? | hormones |
| a structure of your brain that makes and releases many hormones | hypothalamus |
| sends hormones into the blood that travel directly to the anterior pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| aden/o | glands |
| adren/o | towards |
| adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | cortex; outer region |
| gonad/o | gonads |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pituitar/o | pituitary gland |
| hypophsy/o | pituitary gland |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o | thryoid |
| thyroid/o | thyroid |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| gluc/o | sugar; glucose |
| glucos/o | sugar; glucose |
| glyc/o | sugar; glucose |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | ACTH- stimulates the outer part of the adrenal gland |
| thyroid-stimulating hormone | TSH- thyroid secretes T3, T4 and calcitonin |
| luteinizing hormone | LH- stimulates the gonads |
| follicle-stimulating hormone | FSH- stimulates the gonads |
| insulin | decreases blood sugar |
| hypothyroidism | thyroid gland doesn't create enough thyroid hormone (underactive thyroid) |
| hyperthyroidism | thyroid gland creates too much thyroid hormone |
| glucagon | increases blood sugar |
| epinephrine | adrenaline |
| hormone levels are detected by measuring what? | blood concentration of nutrients |
| hyperglycemia | high blood sugar |
| hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| euglycemia | normal blood sugar |
| you can measure what function by a UA? | endocrine |
| glucosuria | glucose in urine |
| ketonuria | ketones in urine |
| hormon/o | hormones |
| ket/o | ketone body |
| -tropin | stimulating hormone |
| -emia | blood tests |
| -uria | urine tests (UA) |
| acidemia | abnormally high acidity in blood |
| alkalemia | condition where abnormal levels of hydrogen ion concentration in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | condition of high levels of fat int he blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | high cholesterol |
| uremia | condition of buildup of waste in in the blood |
| endocrine | glands and tissues that produce and release hormones into bloodstream |
| exocrine | glands that secrete products through ducts opening onto an epithelium and not bloodstream |
| glycemic index | measures how quickly a food causes blood sugar levels to rise |
| ketogenesis | body produces ketones when carbohydrates are limited |
| if the hormone level is too low..... | administer the hormone |
| if the hormone level is too high.... | take action to lower it (meds or surgery) |
| BS | blood sugar |
| -crine | to secrete |
Created by:
bhicks701