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Unit 7 Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| air pollution | the contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from humans and natural sources |
| primary air pollutant | a pollutant released DIRECTLY into the troposphere; can cause damage itself or react with other substances to cause damage |
| secondary air pollutant | a harmful substance. FORMED in the ATMOSPHERE when a primary air pollutant reacts with substances normally found in the atmospjhere or with other air pollutants |
| carbon monoxide | a colorless, odorless toxic gas FORMED by incomplete combustion |
| carbon dioxide | a colorless, orderless gas produced BY burning carbon compounds and by respiration |
| nitrogen dioxide | produced BY vehicle emissions, contributes to photochemical smog and acid rain, poisonous |
| sulfur dioxide | produced by burning coal, contributes to smog and acid rain. |
| particulate matter | solid or liquid particles suspended in air. |
| volatile organic compounds (VOCs) | potentially toxic gasses EMITTED by compounds that can evaporate readily from solid or liquid form |
| lead (Pb) | metal, from gasoline additive, phased out in 1980s, neurotoxin |
| mercury (Hg) | metal, from burning coal, neurotoxin |
| sulfuric acid | formed when SO2 reacts with water vapor in the air |
| nitric acid(HNo3) | formed when NO2 reacts with water vapor in the air |
| tropospheric ozone | ground level ozone, formed from VOC |
| EPA (Enviornmental Protection Agency) | US(AMERICA) federal agency with a mission to PROTECT human health and the ENVIORNMENT |
| Cean Air Act (CAA) | MONITOR and control CRITERIA air pollutants due to their potential impact on human well-being, ecosystems, and structures |
| Criteria air pollutant | group of air pollutants regulated by the EPA, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and lead |
| anthropogenic | caused by humans |
| natural | existing in or caused by nature |
| ambient | completely surrounding |
| AQI(Air quality index) | index for reporting daily air quality |
| sulfurous smog | smog dominated by sulfur dioxide |
| photochemical smnog | brownish haze that is a mixture of ozone and other chemicals, formed when pollutants react with each other in the presence of sunlight |
| PANs | group of chemicals found in photochemical smog |
| thermal invasion | temperature inversion in which warm air traps cold air and pollutants near the earth |
| methane | gas produced by bacteria from hydrogen and carbon dioxide |
| hydrocarbon | compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen |
| asbestos | long, thin, fibrous silicate mineral with insulating properties, which can cause cancer when inhaled |
| radon | gas that arises from the earth where radioactive materials are present |
| uranium | radioactive decay releases radon |
| radioactive decay | breakdown of radioactive material, releasing particles and energy |
| granite | usually light-colored igneous rock; can release radon. |
| dust | tiny particles of earth or waste matter |
| mold | minute fungi occurring typically in moist warm conditions, especially on food or organic matter |
| formaldehyde | colorless chemical used to manufacture building materials and household products (particleboard, hardwood plywood paneling, insultation) |
| off-gas | evaporation of volatile chemicals from the surface of a material into the environment |
| allergen | substance that causes an allergic reaction |
| asphyxiant | substance that can cause unconsciousness or death by suffocation |
| carcinogen | cancer-causing substance |
| chronic | continuing for a long time |
| acute | rapid onset and of concern |
| mesothelioma | lung cancer caused by asbestos pressure |
| mitigation | reducing the severity of something |
| remediation | return a contaminated to its original state |
| regulation | a rule or directive made by an authority |
| enforcement | making people/companies obey laws and rules |
| incentive | something that induces a person to act |
| subsidy | a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of the commodity or service may remain low or competitive |
| conservation | protecting and preserving natural resources |
| Clean Air Act (CAA) Amendments (1990) | regulation addressing acid rain, ozone depletion, toxic air pollution |
| National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) | amendment of the EPA's Clean Air Act which specifies concentration limits for pollutants |
| cap-and-trade | method for managing pollution in which a limit is placed on emissions and businesses or countries can buy and sell emissions allowances. |
| fuel efficiency standard | minimum mpg |
| pollution control device | reduce emissions by cleaning exhaust and dirty air |
| vapor recovery nozzle | used at the gas pump to help reduce air pollution, capture gasoline vapors that escape from automobile tanks |
| catalytic converter | a device that reduces COx and NOx emissions from vehicles |
| wet and dry scrubbers | gases in smoke stakes are passed through CaO (lime) or CaCO3(calcium carbonate) to remove SO2, accumulating in a sludge |
| electrostatic precipitator | device used for removing particulates from smokestack emissions; charged particles are attracted to an oppositely charged metal plate |
| acid deposition | wet or dry airborne acids that fall to the ground |
| acid rain | rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids |
| pH scale | measurement system used to indicate the concentraion of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, ranges from 0-14 |
| acid | any compound thaat forms H+ ions in the solution. |
| base | A substance that decreases the hydrogen concentraion in a solution |
| acidification | increase in the concentration of acid |
| neutralize | chemical reaction in which an acid and base react |
| limestone | A SEDIMENTARY ROCK consisting of manly calcium carbonate deposited remains f marine animals |
| bedrock | layer of rock beneath soil |
| indicator species | species that serve as early warnings that a community or ecosystem is being degraded |
| noise pollution | any noise that causes stress or has the potential to damage human and nomal health |
Created by:
anushga