Question 1

true

Accepted Answer

true or false
Shaw and McKay made extensive use of maps and official statistics in their studies of juvenile delinquency

Question 2

true

Accepted Answer

true or false
General theory of crime, developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi, commits a global fallacy in its efforts to explain crime as "low self-control" in pursuit of "self-interest."

Question 3

false

Accepted Answer

true or false
One weakness of Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory is that he failed to account for the fact that not all associations are equal in intensity, frequency, duration, and priority.

Question 4

false

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Albert Cohen suggested that lower-class delinquency is shaped by the availability of both illegitimate and legitimate opportunities

Question 5

false

Accepted Answer

true or false
According to anomie/strain theory, individuals who accept traditional goals, but reject the accepted means of achieving them, are known as retreatists.

Question 6

social process

Accepted Answer

The primary theme of this theoretical tradition concentrates on learning, socialization, and subcultural transmission of criminal values.

Question 7

appeal to a higher authority

Accepted Answer

A group of juveniles who attend a district school commit an act of vandalism against a neighboring school district, explaining that it was necessary to defend their own mascot. This is an example of:

Question 8

ecological fallacy

Accepted Answer

A critique of social disorganization theory is that some of the studies tend to use group rates to explain individual crime. Aggregate statistics do not yield accurate estimates if the intended unit of analysis is the behavior of individuals. Researchers

Question 9

social process

Accepted Answer

Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?

Question 10

boys are exposed to fewer parental controls

Accepted Answer

How does power control theory explain the gender difference in criminality?

Question 11

drift theory

Accepted Answer

The idea that delinquents exist "in a limbo between convention and crime" is consistent with which of the following theories?

Question 12

commitment

Accepted Answer

An individual commits a crime because he has "nothing to lose." This indicates a lack of which of the following social bonds?

Question 13

inner containment

Accepted Answer

According to containment theory, the internalization of conventional behavior would constitute which of the following?

Question 14

denial of harm

Accepted Answer

An offender arrested for drug use states, "But I'm not hurting anyone else." This is reflective of:

Question 15

zone II-zone of transition

Accepted Answer

In their study of urban ecology, Shaw and McKay found the highest crime rate in which zone?

Question 16

urban ecology

Accepted Answer

The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the following?

Question 17

lack of legitimate opportunities

Accepted Answer

Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the result of:

Question 18

Policies to create greater opportunities

Accepted Answer

Someone who supports anomie theory as an explanation for crime would suggest which policy?

Question 19

innovation

Accepted Answer

A student wants to do well in school but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D. In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?

Question 20

physiognomy

Accepted Answer

The study of facial features and other body characteristics to gain sight into human personality is referred to as _______.

Question 21

true

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Not all biological differences are inherited as many may be due to the prenatal environment, injury, and inadequat diet.

Question 22

inner containment

Accepted Answer

According to containment theory, the internalization of conventional behavior would constitute which of the following?

Question 23

denial of harm

Accepted Answer

An offender arrested for drug use states, "But I'm not hurting anyone else." This is reflective of:

Question 24

zone II-zone of transition

Accepted Answer

In their study of urban ecology, Shaw and McKay found the highest crime rate in which zone?

Question 25

urban ecology

Accepted Answer

The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the following?

Question 26

lack of legitimate opportunities

Accepted Answer

Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the result of:

Question 27

Policies to create greater opportunities

Accepted Answer

Someone who supports anomie theory as an explanation for crime would suggest which policy?

Question 28

innovation

Accepted Answer

A student wants to do well in school but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D. In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?

Question 29

physiognomy

Accepted Answer

The study of facial features and other body characteristics to gain sight into human personality is referred to as _______.

Question 30

true

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Not all biological differences are inherited as many may be due to the prenatal environment, injury, and inadequat diet.

Question 31

false

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Present-day biological theories of crime universally reject the influence of environment on criminal behavior.

Question 32

true

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Variables such as diet, environmental pollution, endocrine imbalance, and allergies have been claimed to have criminogenic influence.

Question 33

true

Accepted Answer

true or false 
Lombroso was the most influential figure in biological positivism.

Question 34

false

Accepted Answer

true or false
Present-day biological theorists are working to identify the "crime gene" that they believe to be the source of criminal behavior.

Question 35

neuroscience

Accepted Answer

While our more primitive brain networks are inherited at birth, higher development depends on environmental developments after birth. Which field of study seeks to understand this brain development?

Question 36

speculation

Accepted Answer

The basic premises of positivism include all but which of the following?

Question 37

social darwinism

Accepted Answer

In biological positivism, the idea that "survival of the fittest" is applicable to human society is known as:

Question 38

hereditary

Accepted Answer

In his book The Jukes, author Robert Dugsdale concluded that crime is:

Question 39

behavioral modification

Accepted Answer

This approach to child-rearing attempts to encourage positive behavior through the application of pleasure and pain.

Question 40

social learning theory

Accepted Answer

After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of:

Term	Definition
true	true or false Shaw and McKay made extensive use of maps and official statistics in their studies of juvenile delinquency
true	true or false General theory of crime, developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi, commits a global fallacy in its efforts to explain crime as "low self-control" in pursuit of "self-interest."
false	true or false One weakness of Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory is that he failed to account for the fact that not all associations are equal in intensity, frequency, duration, and priority.
false	true or false Albert Cohen suggested that lower-class delinquency is shaped by the availability of both illegitimate and legitimate opportunities
false	true or false According to anomie/strain theory, individuals who accept traditional goals, but reject the accepted means of achieving them, are known as retreatists.
social process	The primary theme of this theoretical tradition concentrates on learning, socialization, and subcultural transmission of criminal values.
appeal to a higher authority	A group of juveniles who attend a district school commit an act of vandalism against a neighboring school district, explaining that it was necessary to defend their own mascot. This is an example of:
ecological fallacy	A critique of social disorganization theory is that some of the studies tend to use group rates to explain individual crime. Aggregate statistics do not yield accurate estimates if the intended unit of analysis is the behavior of individuals. Researchers
social process	Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory is part of which theoretical tradition?
boys are exposed to fewer parental controls	How does power control theory explain the gender difference in criminality?
drift theory	The idea that delinquents exist "in a limbo between convention and crime" is consistent with which of the following theories?
commitment	An individual commits a crime because he has "nothing to lose." This indicates a lack of which of the following social bonds?
inner containment	According to containment theory, the internalization of conventional behavior would constitute which of the following?
denial of harm	An offender arrested for drug use states, "But I'm not hurting anyone else." This is reflective of:
zone II-zone of transition	In their study of urban ecology, Shaw and McKay found the highest crime rate in which zone?
urban ecology	The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the following?
lack of legitimate opportunities	Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the result of:
Policies to create greater opportunities	Someone who supports anomie theory as an explanation for crime would suggest which policy?
innovation	A student wants to do well in school but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D. In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?
physiognomy	The study of facial features and other body characteristics to gain sight into human personality is referred to as _______.
true	true or false Not all biological differences are inherited as many may be due to the prenatal environment, injury, and inadequat diet.
inner containment	According to containment theory, the internalization of conventional behavior would constitute which of the following?
denial of harm	An offender arrested for drug use states, "But I'm not hurting anyone else." This is reflective of:
zone II-zone of transition	In their study of urban ecology, Shaw and McKay found the highest crime rate in which zone?
urban ecology	The "Chicago School" is associated with which of the following?
lack of legitimate opportunities	Generally speaking, anomie theories focus on crime as the result of:
Policies to create greater opportunities	Someone who supports anomie theory as an explanation for crime would suggest which policy?
innovation	A student wants to do well in school but never seems to be able to earn higher than a D. In pursuit of academic success, the student begins to cheat on exams. This is most consistent with which form of adaptation in Merton's theory of anomie/strain?
physiognomy	The study of facial features and other body characteristics to gain sight into human personality is referred to as _______.
true	true or false Not all biological differences are inherited as many may be due to the prenatal environment, injury, and inadequat diet.
false	true or false Present-day biological theories of crime universally reject the influence of environment on criminal behavior.
true	true or false Variables such as diet, environmental pollution, endocrine imbalance, and allergies have been claimed to have criminogenic influence.
true	true or false Lombroso was the most influential figure in biological positivism.
false	true or false Present-day biological theorists are working to identify the "crime gene" that they believe to be the source of criminal behavior.
neuroscience	While our more primitive brain networks are inherited at birth, higher development depends on environmental developments after birth. Which field of study seeks to understand this brain development?
speculation	The basic premises of positivism include all but which of the following?
social darwinism	In biological positivism, the idea that "survival of the fittest" is applicable to human society is known as:
hereditary	In his book The Jukes, author Robert Dugsdale concluded that crime is:
behavioral modification	This approach to child-rearing attempts to encourage positive behavior through the application of pleasure and pain.
social learning theory	After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of:

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