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Structure & Function
Unit 9 8th Science 24-25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | the process by which a population's traits change over time to benefit the environment |
| Alleles | different forms of the same gene-represented as letters, offspring receive one of every gene from each parent |
| Artificial Selection | when humans select the desired genes for breeding |
| Behavioral Adaptations | actions that are learned to help an animal to survive and thrive |
| Camouflage | protective coloring or feature that disguises or makes something hard to see, structural adaptation |
| cell membrane | the outer boundary that acts like a guard for allowing items to enter and leave the cell |
| cell wall | only found in plant cells, helps to create a rectangular rigid cell |
| central vacuole | only found in plant cells and helps them keep pressure and a rigid structure |
| Chloroplast | found in plant cells and contains chlorophyll |
| Chromosomes | threadlike structure of the cell that contains DNA, most genes of the organism, located in the nucleus of eukaryotes; ring-shaped in prokaryotes |
| cytoplasm | the clear gel like liquid that organelles float in |
| Dominant Trait | a trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present |
| Function | describes what a structure (adaptation) allows an organism to do ex. wings=fly |
| Gene | one segment of DNA that encodes for specific proteins & controls the characteristics/traits of the offspring |
| Genetic Material | a DNA code that carries information from parent to offspring |
| Inherited Traits | characteristics passed down from one's parents by genetic transmission |
| Learned traits | characteristic or behavior acquired through experience |
| lysosomes | break down waste within the cell |
| Mimicry | when a species resembles another organism to gain an advantage in their surroundings |
| mitochondria | manages energy conversion in the cell |
| Natural Selection | the process by which species adapt/change over time through adaptations and reproduction |
| Nucleus | holds the genetic material and directs the cell's activities |
| Organelle | part of a cell with a specific structure and function. |
| Offspring | new organisms that result from sexual/asexual reproduction |
| Physiological Adaptation | how an organism changes in response to its environment. these are in the processes in side the body |
| Recessive Trait | a trait that is masked by a dominant allele and only inherited when both genes are recessive |
| Reproductive Success | an individual's ability to spread its genes through the production of offspring |
| Ribosomes | assembles and synthesizes proteins |
| Structural Adaptations | adaptations inside the body or found within the body covering of an animal |
| Structure | physical adaptation that supports an organism in its environment |
| Trait | a genetically determined characteristic, specific variations of characteristics of organisms received from ancestors by genetic transmissions |
| vacuole | stores food, water, and waste in plant and animal cells |
| Asexual reproduction | producing offspring without another organism |
| Eukaryotic | has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Prokaryotic | no defined nucleus |
| inheritance | passing genetic material from parents to offspring |
Created by:
Vblackburn