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CBC Flashcards
Flashcards I made for literally everything we have learned so far in CBC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is rhyme? (English) | having the same sound repeated at the end of word multiple times. |
| what is a simile? (English) | a simile is comparing something to something else, using the words 'as' or 'like'. |
| what is a metaphor? (English) | a metaphor would be saying that something actually *is* something else, as a poetic device/technique. |
| what is alliteration? (English) | repeating the same sound at the start of a word multiple times in a row. |
| what is tone? (English) | tone is the attitude a poet expresses through a poem. |
| what is mood? (English) | mood is how the reader feels after reading the poem. |
| what is onomatopoeia? (English) | onomatopoeia is the sound created by an object, e.g. 'moo' or 'bark bark' |
| what is personification? (English) | personification is giving non-human traits or abilities to human or inanimate things. |
| what is the structure of a poem? (English) | the structure of the poem is how the poem is divided, e.g. into lines or stanzas. |
| what is a stanza? (English) | a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem; a verse. |
| what are all of the tones in poetry? (English) | celebratory, objective, judgemental, humorous, compassionate, heart-warming, critical, optimistic, pessimistic, detached, serious/solemn, appreciative, cautionary, condescending and bitter. |
| what are all of the moods in poetry? (English) | calm, envious, disappointed, cheerful, terrified, enraged, uplifted, depressed, empowered, gloomy, anxious, guilty, ashamed, surprised and uncomfortable. |
| what does the tone celebratory mean in poetry? (English) | feelings of happiness and pride |
| what does the tone objective mean in poetry? (English) | an unbiased view; able to leave personal judgements aside |
| what does the tone judgemental mean in poetry? (English) | authorative and often having critical opinions |
| what does the tone humorous mean in poetry? (English) | showing funny, comical, amusing opinions |
| what does the tone compassionate mean in poetry? (English) | showing sympathy and concern for others |
| what does the tone heart-warming mean in poetry? (English) | positive, emotional and sensitive view on the topic |
| what does the tone critical mean in poetry? (English) | finding fault with the actions or views of others |
| what does the tone optimistic mean in poetry? (English) | being hopeful, cheerful, and positive about the topic |
| what does the tone pessimistic mean in poetry? (English) | seeing the worst side of things; no hope |
| what does the tone detached mean in poetry? (English) | aloof and objective |
| what does the tone serious/solemn mean in poetry? (English) | not very funny; very ernest |
| what does the tone appreciative mean in poetry? (English) | grateful;thankful |
| what does the tone cautionary mean in poetry? (English) | giving a warning; raising an alarm |
| what does the tone condescending mean in poetry? (English) | looking down on; pouring scorn on |
| what does the tone bitter mean in poetry? (English) | showing hurt and resentment |
| what is a film genre? (English) | a way of categorising films based on similarities of features. |
| what are the different types of film genre? (English) | action, thriller, war, sci-fi, romance, crime, musicals, comedy, horror, documentary, western and fantasy |
| what is the mise-en-scène? (English) | the arrangement of all the elements that appear on the screen to create the look of the film, including the costumes, the props, the set and the actors. |
| what is the color palette? (English) | the co-ordinated colour scheme used in costumes, make-up, sets and lighting. |
| what is a camera angle? (English) | the physical position of the camera when the shot is being taken. |
| what are all of the camera angle types? (English) | high angle, eye-level angle, low angle |
| what is a shot in film? (English) | In filmmaking and video production, a shot is a series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time. |
| what are film editing techniques? (English) | what happens with the camera footage once the film has finished shooting. |
| what are some film editing techniques? (English) | montage, bridging and cross-cutting |
| what is the soundtrack? (English) | the written music and songs that accompany a film to create a mood or atmosphere on screen. |
| what are sound affects? (English) | the sounds added during the editing process. |
| what is a voice-over? (English) | when someone's voice narrates over a film. |
| what are all of the examples of shots in film? (English) | close-up shot, full shot and establishing shot |
| what are all of the examples of camera angles in film? (English) | high angle, eye-level angle, low angle |
| what are the 7 steps to making a film? (English) | idea, script, pitch, storyboard, shoot, editing, release. |
| what is step 1 of making a film? (English) | idea |
| what is step 2 of making a film? (English) | script |
| what is step 3 of making a film? (English) | pitch |
| what is step 4 of making a film? (English) | storyboard |
| what is step 5 of making a film? (English) | shoot |
| what is step 6 of making a film? (English) | editing |
| what is step 7 of making a film? (English) | release |
| what is an infographic? (English) | a visual image used to represent data and information. |
| what is a color palette? (English) | a specific color palette on the screen to help harness their storytelling capabilities. different colors draw out different types of emotions from the audience. |
| what is cinematogrophy? (English) | the art of photography and camerawork in film-making |
| describe a montage. (English) | made by selecting, editing and piecing together parts of the footage, normally with background music. used to show that time is passing faster on screen whilst doing the task that is being shot. |
| describe cross-cutting. (English) | an editing technique that takes multiple film sequences and cuts between them as the film goes on. this allows viewers to see two timelines at once. can be used to build suspense or to show different perspectives. |
| describe bridging. (English) | used to bridge the gap between one scene and another, to explain a move in time/place, e.g. leaves falling as winter comes or driving past a sign to a new place. |
| what is film? (English) | the art of capturing stories on screen. |
| what is a storyboard? (English) | like a comic to plan your film, with each panel representing a scene/shot, each planned out carfully. |
| describe what a high angle is. (English) | when the camera looks down on the scene. makes characters look vulnerable. |
| describe what an eye-level angle is. (English) | when the camera looks straight on at the scene. makes characters the same level as the viewers. |
| describe what a low angle is. (English) | when the camera looks up at the scene. makes characters look powerful/strong. |
| describe what a close-up shot is. (English) | focused on the face, with the background unclear. used to show important aspects of the characters face/their emotions, to better help connect the audience. |
| describe what a full shot is. (English) | a wide shot, showing the whole character and their actions so we can see what they are doing, while maintaining view on their emotions. allows viewers to read their emotions and still see their location and phisicality. |
| describe what an establishing shot is. (English) | a very wide shot, used to show the audience the location/context of the film to establish the geography and features of the location for the scene. |
| what does the safety glasses warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a man wearing glasses, and says that eye protection must be worn. |
| what does the harmful or irritant warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts an exclamation mark, and says that these substances are less of a health risk than toxic substances. However, they must still be handled with care. |
| what does the flammable warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a fire, and says that these substances can easily catch fire in a laboratory under normal conditions. |
| what does the corrosive warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a test tube spilling acid on a flat surface and a hand, and says that these substances can cause chemical burns to skin and eyes. |
| what does the toxic warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a skull and crossbones, and says that These substances can cause serious health risks or death if inhaled or swallowed or if they penetrate the skin. |
| what does the oxidising warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a circle shape on fire, and says that these substances can produce much heat when they react with other substances, particularly flammable substances. |
| what does he explosive warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a circle shape blowing up, and says that these substances can explode if ignited in air or if exposed to heat. A sudden shock or friction can also cause an explosion. |
| what does the hazardous for the environment warning depict and what does it warn of? (Science) | depicts a fish caught in a black sludge with a tree in the background, and says that These substances are dangerous for the environment and cause harm to fish and other organisms that live in water. |
| what is a beaker used for? (Science) | holding liquids |
| what is a beehive shelf used for? (Science) | collecting a gas over water |
| what is a Boiling tube used for? (Science) | heating solids and liquids |
| what is a Buchner flask used for? (Science) | in preparation of gases and for filtering under suction |
| what is a Bunsen burner used for? (Science) | heating |
| what is a burette used for? (Science) | delivering an accurate volume of liquid(0–50 cm3) |
| what is a Clock glass used for? (Science) | evaporating a small amount of solution |
| what is a conical flask used for? (Science) | holding liquids |
| what is a deflagrating spoon (or combustion spoon) used for? (Science) | burning substances in gas |
| what is an Evaporating basin used for? (Science) | evaporating a solution |
| what is a funnel used for? (Science) | filling a burette, filtering (with aid of filter paper), etc. |
| what is a gas jar and cover used for? (Science) | holding gases |
| what is a Graduated or measuring cylinder used for? (Science) | delivering an approximate volume of liquid |
| what is a Hotplate used for? (Science) | heating |
| what is a mortar and pestle used for, and which is which? (Science) | grinding substances, and the pestle is the little tool part |
| what is a Petri dish used for? (Science) | growing microorganisms |
| what is a Pipette used for? (Science) | delivering a fixed volume of liquid |
| what is a Test-tube rack used for? (Science) | holding test tubes or boiling tubes |
| what is a Retort stand and clamp used for? (Science) | holding objects in position |
| what is a Test-tube holder used for? (Science) | holding a test tube or boiling tube |
| what is a Tripod used for? (Science) | supporting wire gauze or pipe-clay triangle |
| what is a Wire gauze used for? (Science) | spread heat when heating a flask or beaker |
| what are Tongs used for? (Science) | holding objects (particularly if hot) |
| what is a Separating funnel used for? (Science) | (or dropping funnel) Used for separating liquids or adding a liquid to a flask |
| what is a Test tube used for? (Science) | holding solids and liquids |
| what is a spatula used for? (Science) | picking up a small quantity of a solid |
| what are the natural sciences divided into? (Science) | The natural sciences are divided into physical science and biological science. |
| what is a hypothesis? (Science) | A hypothesis is a proposed explanation of why certain events take place. |
| what is a theory? (Science) | A theory is an explanation of observations. It is based on hypotheses, laws and facts. |
| what is a scientific law? (Science) | A scientific law is a description of observed occurrences and is based on repeated experiments. |
| what does science do for society? (Science) | Science plays an important role in society, especially in keeping us safe and healthy. |
| what is primary data? (Science) | Primary data are data collected by the researcher him- or herself. |
| what is secondary data? (Science) | Secondary data are data collected by someone other than the researcher him- or herself. |
| what is the Eyepiece of a microscope? (Science) | the bit for seeing through |
| what is the revolving nosepiece of a microscope? (Science) | the bit to turn to get varying degrees of zoom |
| what is the objective lens of a microscope? (Science) | the 3 sticky-outy thingys that each have a different variation of zoom |
| what is the diaphragm of a microscope? (Science) | the platform that juts out to hold the stage |
| what is the light of a microscope? (Science) | the light source under the diaphragm that shines light through the specimen |
| what is the fine focus of a microscope? (Science) | a small dial to bring the stage finely into focus |
| what is the coarse focus of a microscope? (Science) | a larger dial to bring the stage roughly into focus |
| what is the arm of a microscope? (Science) | the bit that connects the eyepiece to the base |
| what is the stage of a microscope? (Science) | the place where the specimen is located |
| what are the stage clips of a microscope? (Science) | the metal things that hold the specimen in place |
| what is a cell? (Science) | the smallest working unit of a living thing |
| what are the characteristics of life? (Science) | reproduction, respiration, growth, movement, response, nutrition and excretion |
| what is a microscope? (Science) | a tool used to observe cells |
| what are the two cell types? (Science) | animal cells and plant cells |
| what are the components of an animal cell? (Science) | ribosomes, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria |
| what are the components of a plant cell? (Science) | cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, cell membrane, cell wall, vacuole and the nucleus |
| what is reproduction? (Science) | Making new living things |
| what is respiration? (Science) | Releasing energy from food |
| what is growth? (Science) | Increasing in number or size of cells |
| what is movement? (Science) | Changing position |
| what is response? (Science) | Reacting to the environment |
| what is nutrition? (Science) | Requiring food |
| what is excretion? (Science) | Getting rid of waste matter 💩 |
| what do ribosmes do in animal cells? (Science) | makes proteins, e.g. enzymes and hormones |
| what does the cell membrane do in animal cells? (Science) | mostly made up of fat, protects the cell, allows substances in and out of the cell |
| what does the nucleus do in animal cells? (Science) | carries genes, which control the activities of the cell |
| what does cytoplasm do in animal cells? (Science) | watery fluid of salts and food in which cells float |
| what do mitochondria do in animal cells? (Science) | where energy is released from food in respiration |
| what does the cytoplasm do in plant cells? (Science) | watery fluid of salts and food in which cells float |
| what do mitochondria do in plant cells? (Science) | where energy is released from food in respiration |
| what does the chloroplast do in plant cells? (Science) | carries chlorophyll, which is used to make food in photosynthesis |
| what do ribosomes do in plant cells? (Science) | makes proteins, e.g. enzymes |
| what does the cell membrane do in plant cells? (Science) | mostly made up of fat, protects the cell, allows substances in and out of the cell |
| what does the cell wall do in plant cells? (Science) | made of cellulose, provides extra protection for the cell |
| what do vacuoles do in plant cells? (Science) | a space in the cytoplasm where food and water are stored |
| what does the nucleus do in plant cells? (Science) | carries genes, which control the activities of the cell |
| what is a microscope used for? (Science) | observing cells |
| what is scaling? (Science) | evenly spacing out the points on the y-axis (up) of a graph |
| what is the origin? (Science) | the 0,0 point on a graph; where x and y join |
| what is a graph? (Science) | a method of representing data at a glance. |
| what is an axis? (Science) | a fixed reference line for the measurement of coordinates. |
| where does the y-axis go? (Science) | up |
| where does the x-axis go? (Science) | across |
| what are nutrients? (Science) | A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce. |
| what is an organ? (Science) | the individual parts of a system. |
| what is a system? (Science) | a group of organs working together within an organism. |
| what is digestion? (Science) | Digestion is the process of mechanically and enzymatically breaking down food into substances for absorption into the bloodstream. |
| what are enzymes? (Science) | An enzyme is a chemical found in cells. It speeds up chemical reactions. |
| what is interaction? (Science) | 'teamwork' between some of the organs within a system |
| what are some examples of carbohydrates, and where can I find them? (Science) | starch is found in brown bread, pasta, rice and potatoes, sugar is found in fruit, and fibre (roughage) is found in fruit, veggies and wholemal cereal |
| where can I get protein? (Science) | lean meat, poultry, fish, eggs, beans and lentils |
| where can I find fat? (Science) | vegetable oils, oily fish |
| what are some examples of vitamins, and where can I find them? (Science) | vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, kiwis and blackcurrants, and Vitamin D is found in sunlight, dairy foods and supplements |
| what are some examples of minerals, and where can I find them? (Science) | calcium is found in dairy foods and tinned fish, and iron is found in red meat and green veggies |
| where can I find water? (Science) | water from the tap, fruit and drinks |
| what does protein do for the body? (Science) | helps with growth and repairs tissue |
| what do carbohydrates do for the body? (Science) | starch and sugar give energy and fibre (roughage) causes peristalsis in the digestive system and prevents constipation |
| what does fat do for the body? (Science) | Fat helps the body absorb vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E. |
| what do vitamins do for the body? (Science) | vitamin C helps making new cells, and Vitamin D helps with healthy bones and wellbeing |
| what do minerals do for the body? (Science) | calcium helps with giving strong bones and teeth, and iron is needed for haemoglobin |
| what does water do for the body? (Science) | maintains body temperature at 37 C |
| where is the mouth? (Science) | hole in your head |
| where is the tongue? (Science) | slimy, fat, wriggly thing in your mouth 👅 |
| where are the salivary glands? (Science) | at the back of the mouth |
| where is the oesophagus? (Science) | beside the windpipe |
| where is the liver? (Science) | big blob on top of the stomach |
| where is the gall bladder? (Science) | squashed under the liver |
| where is the stomach? (Science) | beside the liver, the windpipe goes into here |
| where is the pancreas? (Science) | tucked beneath the stomach |
| where is the small intestine? (Science) | spaghetti-looking thing with the large intestine around it 🍝 |
| where is the large intestine? (Science) | going around the small intestine |
| where is the appendix? (Science) | at the end of the left side of the large intestine |
| where is the anus? (Science) | between your legs 👀 |
| where is the rectum? (Science) | right above the anus |
| where is the colon? (Science) | in the large intestine |
| what are the five steps to provide nutrition for the body? (Science) | ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion |
| what is step one of providing nutrition for the body? (Science) | ingestion |
| what is step two of providing nutrition for the body? (Science) | digestion |
| what is step three of providing nutrition for the body? (Science) | absorption |
| what is step four of providing nutrition for the body? (Science) | assimilation |
| what is step five of providing nutrition for the body? (Science) | egestion |
| what is ingestion? (Science) | taking in food (i.e. eating) |
| what is digestion? (Science) | breaking down food into soluble particles |
| what is absorption? (Science) | digested food passes into the bloodstream |
| what is assimilation? (Science) | food is used by the cells for energy or growth |
| what is egestion? (Science) | unabsorbed food leaves the body as faeces 💩 |
| where is amylase found? (Science) | Most of the amylase in your body is made by your pancreas and salivary (spit) glands. |
| what does amylase do? (Science) | breaks down large starch molecules into smaller molecules of a sugar called maltose. |
| where is maltase found? (Science) | Maltase is synthesised by the human body in the cells of the intestinal mucosa |
| what does maltase do? (Science) | breaks down the maltose into glucose. |
| what is a substrate? (Science) | the surface on which an organism (eg: plant, fungus, or animal) lives or the substance on which an enzyme can act |
| how do the mouth and salivary glands interact with the rest of the digestive system? (Science) | The salivary glands produce the enzyme amylase, which is passed in the saliva through tiny tubes to the mouth. |
| how do the liver and gall bladder interact with the rest of the digestive system? (Science) | The liver produces bile, which helps in fat digestion. The bile is passed to the gall bladder to be stored until it is needed in the small intestine. |
| how do the gall bladder and small intestine interact with the rest of the digestive system? (Science) | The gall bladder sends the bile to the small intestine when it is needed to digest fat. |
| how do the pancreas and small intestine interact with the rest of the digestive system? (Science) | The pancreas produces a number of enzymes that are passed to the small intestine, where they are needed for digestion. |
| what is food needed for? (Science) | food is needed for energy, growth, repair and to prevent certain diseases. |
| what is human nutrition made up of? (Science) | Human nutrition is made up of protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. |
| what levels can living things be organised into? (Science) | Living things can be organised into the following levels: cells, tissues, organs, systems and organism. |
| what is digestion? (Science) | Digestion is breaking larger particles of food into smaller soluble particles. |
| what is the digestive system made up of? (Science) | The digestive system is made up of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (including rectum and anus), salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas. |
| what are human teeth composed of? (Science) | Human teeth are composed of incisors, canines, premolars and molars. |
| what groups of organs interact with each other? (Science) | The following groups of organs interact with each other: mouth and salivary glands; liver and gall bladder; gall bladder and small intestine; pancreas and small intestine. |
| what is peristalsis? (Science) | Peristalsis is a muscular movement that only occurs in the muscles of the digestive system. It causes food to be pushed along the system. |
| what do types of sugars end in? (Science) | -ose |
| what do types of enzymes end in? (Science) | -ase |
| what is protein? (Science) | Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids, essential for building and repairing tissues. They also play a role in immune function and hormone production. |
| what are carbohydrates? (Science) | Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are the body's primary energy source, found in foods like bread, rice, and fruits. |
| what is fat? (Science) | Fats are nutrients that provide energy, help absorb vitamins, and support cell function. They are found in oils, butter, nuts, and animal products. |
| what are vitamins? (Science) | Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary for various bodily functions, including immune support, energy production, and tissue repair. They are found in fruits, vegetables, and animal products. |
| what are minerals? (Science) | Minerals are inorganic elements that help with functions like bone health, muscle function, and water balance. Common minerals include calcium, iron, and potassium. |
| what is water? (Science) | Water is a vital nutrient that makes up a large portion of the body. It helps maintain body temperature, transports nutrients, and removes waste. |
| what are supplements? (Science) | Supplements are products that contain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, amino acids, or herbs. They are taken to supplement the diet and provide nutrients that may be lacking or in higher demand. |
| what does the tongue and mouth do? (Science) | takes in food and chews it |
| what do the salivary glands do? (Science) | produces amylase |
| what does the oesophagus do? (Science) | carries food from the mouth to the stomach |
| what does the stomach do? (Science) | churns food and adds hydrochloric acid to food |
| what does the pancreas do? (Science) | makes enzymes to digest food |
| what does the colon do? (Science) | absorbs water from food into the blood |
| what does the anus do? (Science) | allows faeces to pass from the body (egestion) |
| what does the rectum do? (Science) | stores faeces for egestion |
| what does the appendix do? (Science) | no longer functions; used to help with digesting grass |
| what does the small intestine do? (Science) | digests food and absorbs food into the blood |
| what does the gall bladder do? (Science) | stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine |
| what does the liver do? (Science) | produces bile to aid digestion of fat |
| what does the large intestine do? (Science) | prepares undigested food for egestion |
| what does circulatory mean? (Science) | Relating to the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels in the body. |
| what does cardiac mean? (Science) | Relating to the heart. |
| what does pulse mean? (Science) | The rhythmic expansion and contraction of arteries caused by the heartbeat. |
| what is a red blood cell ? (Science) | A cell that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and returns carbon dioxide back to the lungs. |
| what is a white blood cell ? (Science) | A cell that helps protect the body from infections and diseases. |
| what is a platelet? (Science) | A cell fragment that helps with blood clotting to stop bleeding. |
| what is plasma? (Science) | The pale yellow liquid part of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. |
| what is an artery? (Science) | A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body. |
| what is a vein? (Science) | A blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart. |
| what is a capillary? (Science) | A tiny blood vessel that connects arteries and veins, where gas and nutrient exchange occurs. |
| what is a valve? (Science) | A structure in veins and the heart that prevents blood from flowing backward. |
| what is the circulatory system? (Science) | The circulatory system is made up of the heart and blood vessels. It also includes the blood that flows through them.The circulatory system allows blood to transport substances to the cells of the body. It also transports waste away from the cells. |
| why do we need a circulatory system? (Science) | Each cell needs food, oxygen, and hormones to function, while also removing waste like carbon dioxide. The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste to and from cells, lungs, and kidneys for expulsion. |
| what are the functions of blood? (Science) | To transport oxygen to the cells To transport food to the cells To transport waste materials, including carbon dioxide, away from cells To help fight infection To help keep the body at the correct temperature (37 °C) |
| what is the composition of blood? (Science) | Blood is a type of tissue because it is made up of similar cells that work together.Blood is made up of a straw-coloured liquid called plasma. There are 3 types of blood cells floating in the plasma: Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets. |
| describe platelets. (Science) | Made in the bone marrow, Helps to clot blood when blood vessels are damaged |
| describe plasma. (Science) | 90% water, 10% plasma proteins, glucose, salts, amino acids and urea |
| describe red blood cells. (Science) | Made in the bone marrow, Carries oxygen |
| describe white blood cells. (Science) | Mostly made in the bone marrow, Fights infection |
| describe what a blood vessel is. (Science) | Blood vessels carry the blood around the body. There are three types of blood vessels; capillaries, arteries and veins. |
| describe red blood cells in detail. (Science) | they have a red pigment called haemoglobin. When oxygen enters the blood, it enters these and attaches to the pigment. The oxygen then travels in the blood attached to it. When the blood arrives at the cells, it gets released from it into the cells. |
| describe white blood cells in detail. (Science) | Some white blood cells surround and engulf bacteria or foreign organisms to digest them. Other white blood cells produce antibodies that capture invaders, making it easier for engulfing cells to eliminate them. |
| describe platelets in detail. (Science) | Platelets help blood clot when a blood vessel is damaged, preventing blood loss and blocking microorganisms from entering the bloodstream. |
| describe arteries in detail. (Science) | Arteries have thick walls, are deep in the body to prevent damage, and always carry blood away from the heart. The blood in arteries is under pressure due to the heart's pumping action. |
| describe veins in detail. (Science) | Veins have thin walls, are closer to the surface, and are more prone to damage. They carry blood toward the heart, with blood under low pressure. Valves are needed to prevent blood from flowing backward. |
| describe capillaries in detail. (Science) | Capillaries are one cell thick with very thin walls, allowing substances like oxygen, food, and water to pass from blood to cells. Waste and carbon dioxide move from cells into the blood through capillaries. |
| what is oxygenated blood? (Science) | Oxygenated blood means the blood is carrying a lot of oxygen, usually colored red. |
| what is deoxygenated blood? (Science) | deoygenated blood means the blood is not carrying a lot of oxygen, usually colored blue. |
| describe valves. (Science) | Because the blood in veins is not being pumped by the heart, it is not under pressure. Veins have valves to prevent the blood flowing backwards. |
| describe the heart in detail. (Science) | The heart, about the size of a clenched fist, pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It has two sides, each with an atrium and ventricle, and the left ventricle has the thickest muscle. |
| what is the septum? (Science) | the muscle wall seperating the deoxygenated (right) side of the heart from the oxygenated (left) side of the heart. |
| what is the right atrium? (Science) | top right heart chamber; has deoxygenated blood |
| what is the left atrium? (Science) | top left heart chamber; has deoxygenated blood |
| what is the right ventricle? (Science) | bottom right heart chamber; has oxygenated blood |
| what is the left ventricle? (Science) | bottom left heart chamber; has oxygenated blood |
| are left and right swapped on a heart diagram? (Science) | yes |
| what is the pulmonary artery? (Science) | artery leading away from the heart, is the second blood vessel on a heart diagram |
| what is the vena cava? (Science) | vein leading into the heart, is the first blood vessel on a heart diagram |
| what is the aorta? (Science) | artery leading away from the heart, is the third blood vessel on a heart diagram |
| what is the pulmonary vein? (Science) | vein leading into the heart, is the last blood vessel on a heart diagram |
| what are the coronary arteries? (Science) | arteries supplying the heart itself with food and oxygen |
| what increases heart rate? (Science) | Exercise increases heart rate because more oxygen and food are required to release more energy. |
| what is matter? (Science) | anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| what does compress mean? (Science) | squishy squishy squish (>'-'<) |
| what does diffusion mean? (Science) | the spreading out of materials due to the movement of their particles. diffusion takes place from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| what does evaporation mean? (Science) | the changing of a liquid to gas at the surface of a liquid |
| what does condensation mean? (Science) | the changing of a gas to a liquid |
| what are the states of matter? (Science) | solid, liquid and gas |
| what are the properties of solids? (Science) | definite shape, definite volume, difficult to compress and does not flow. |
| what are the properties of liquids? (Science) | no definite shape, definite volume, difficult to compress and flows easily. |
| what are the properties of gases? (Science) | no definite shape, no definite volume, easy to compress and diffuses to fill all available space. |
| describe solids. (Science) | definite shape, definite volume, difficult to compress and does not flow. |
| describe liquids. (Science) | no definite shape, definite volume, difficult to compress and flows easily. |
| describe gases. (Science) | no definite shape, no definite volume, easy to compress and diffuses to fill all available space. |
| what is change of state? (Science) | when a thing changes the formation of it's particles to become either a solid, a liquid or a gas |
| what is melting? (Science) | the changing of a solid to a liquid as a result of being heated to it's melting point |
| describe melting. (Science) | becoming a liquid from a solid after being heated up |
| what is sublimation? (Science) | when some solids (as in, not all of them can do this) go straight to being a gas from being a solid after being heated |
| what is boiling? (Science) | changing a liquid to a gas by heating it |
| what is a boiling point? (Science) | the temperature needed to boil a liquid |
| what is the freezing point? (Science) | the temperature needed to change a liquid to a solid after cooling it |
| what is an atom? (Science) | the individual particles at their smallest form that make up elements |
| what is an element? (Science) | a substance that cannot be split up into simpler substances by chemical means; they only contain one type of atom |
| what is a symbol? (Science) | a 1 or 2-letter 'nickname' for each element |
| what does periodic mean? (Science) | relating to the periodic table of the elements. |
| what is a compound? (Science) | a substance that is made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined (joined together). Compounds contain two or more different types of atoms joined together by chemical bonds. |
| what is a molecule? (Science) | A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds. |
| what is a mixture? (Science) | A mixture consists of two or more different substances mingled with each other but not chemically combined. |
| what is a chemical formula? (Science) | The chemical formula of a compound is a symbolic representation of its chemical composition. |
| what is particle theory? (Science) | the arrangement and movement of the particles in a substance. |
| what does each element have on the periodic table? (Science) | a symbol |
| what is the symbol for most elements? (Science) | the first letter, plus maybe another letter |
| what are pure substances? (Science) | substances made up of solely one substance |
| describe the properties of mixtures. (Science) | multiple substances together but not combined; you can easily separate them, the amounts can vary and there area almost no energy changes when a mixture is made |
| describe the properties of compounds. (Science) | a single substance in which the elements are of the same amounts and are chemically combined, heat is used when a compound is formed and they are usually difficult to separate |
| what is a solvent? (Science) | a substance that dissolves other materials to form a solution |
| what is a solute? (Science) | the substance that dissolves |
| what is a solution? (Science) | a perfect mixture of a solute and a solvent |
| what is a suspension? (Science) | when small particles of a substance are in a liquid, it is given a cloudy appearance, making it a suspension |
| what does dilute mean? (Science) | make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent to it. |
| what does concentrated mean? (Science) | a relatively large quantity of substance present in a unit amount of a mixture. |
| what does saturated mean? (Science) | When a solution can no longer dissolve more solute at a given temperature and pressure, it is said to be saturated. |
| what does solubility mean? (Science) | The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent, forming a solution, typically expressed as the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent. |
| what does conductivity mean? (Science) | The ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat. |
| what does insoluble mean? (Science) | A substance that does not dissolve in a particular solvent. |
| what is a dilute solution? (Science) | A solution that contains a small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent. |
| what is a concentrated solution? (Science) | a solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent. |
| what is a crystal? (Science) | A solid substance with a regular, repeating pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules that form a distinct geometric shape. |
| what is a saturated solution? (Science) | A solution in which the maximum amount of solute has dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, and no more can dissolve. |
| what does unsaturated mean? (Science) | A solution that can still dissolve more solute at a given temperature and pressure. |
| what is crystallisation? (Science) | A process by which crystals form as a solute comes out of a solution when the solution is cooled or evaporated. |
| what is a solubility curve? (Science) | A graph that shows how the solubility of a substance changes with temperature. |
| what is electrical conductivity? (Science) | The ability of a material to conduct electric current. |
| what happens when a hot saturated solution is cooled? (Science) | When a hot saturated solution cools, some of the dissolved solute may crystallize and come out of the solution. |
| what is filtration? (Science) | A process used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a filter. |
| what is residue? (Science) | The solid that remains on the filter paper after filtration. |
| what does filtrate mean? (Science) | The liquid that passes through the filter during filtration. |
| what is evaporation? (Science) | The process by which a liquid turns into a gas at the surface, usually when heated or exposed to air. |
| what is distillation? (Science) | A process used to separate components of a liquid mixture based on their different boiling points. |
| what is chromatography? (Science) | A technique used to separate mixtures into their components, typically by passing them through a medium (such as paper or a column) where components move at different rates. |
| what is the apparatus that cools vapor to a liquid? (Science) | a condenser |
| what is the distillate? (Science) | The purified liquid collected during distillation after vaporization and condensation. |
| what is paper chromatography? (Science) | A type of chromatography where a solvent is used to separate substances on a piece of paper, allowing components to travel at different rates. |
| what is a chromatogram? (Science) | The resulting pattern or image formed on the paper after performing chromatography, showing the separated components of a mixture. |
| what does soluble mean? (Science) | said to be capable of dissolving |
| what is an atom? (Science) | the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element |
| what is a proton? (Science) | a particle of an atom that has a positive charge |
| what is a neutron? (Science) | an particle of an atom that has no charge charge |
| what is an electron? (Science) | a particle of an atom with negative charge |
| what is a subatomic particle? (Science) | a particle found inside of an atom |
| what is a planetary model? (Science) | The planetary model said that the electrons moved around the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun, at random. |
| where are protons situated within an atom? (Science) | the nucleus |
| where are neutrons situated within an atom? (Science) | the nucleus |
| where are electrons situated within an atom? (Science) | the electron cloud, in shells around the nucleus |
| what is the electron cloud? (Science) | the area surrounding the nucleus in which electrons are found |
| what is the center of an atom called? (Science) | the nucleus |
| what is the relative mass of a proton? (Science) | 1 unit |
| what is the relative mass of a neutron? (Science) | 0 |
| what is the relative mass of an electron? (Science) | 1 ------ units 1840 |
| what is the relative charge of a proton? (Science) | +1 |
| what is the relative charge of a neutron? (Science) | 0 |
| what is the relative charge of an electron? (Science) | -1 |
| what are the fixed paths around the center of an atom called? (Science) | shells or orbits (say both in a test) |
| what are the individual orbits around the nucleus of the atom called? (Science) | shells |
| what is an atomic number? (Science) | the number of an atom AND the number of protons found in it's nucleus, AND the number of electrons |
| what is a mass number? (Science) | the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom |
| what is an atomic mass unit? (Science) | a unit of mass used to express atomic and molecular weights |
| what is a nuclear formula? (Science) | This style of the form A(b,c)D is equivalent to A + b producing c + D. |
| what Danish scientist said that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom? (Science) | Niels Bohr |
| what is the periodic table? (Science) | a table presenting every known element and it's properties |
| what does periodic mean? (Science) | to do with the periodic table |
| what is an electron configuration? (Science) | In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals. |
| what is a transition metal? (Science) | A transition metal is an element found in the middle of the periodic table, known for its ability to form multiple oxidation states and for being good conductors of heat and electricity. |
| what does ionic mean? (Science) | Ionic refers to a type of chemical bond where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming positively and negatively charged ions. |
| what does covalent mean? (Science) | Covalent refers to a type of bond where two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
| what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called? (Science) | Groups or Families. |
| what do all elements in the same group on the periodic table have? (Science) | They have similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons. |
| how do you draw Bohr structures of atoms? (Science) | Draw the nucleus with protons and neutrons, then draw electron shells around the nucleus with the appropriate number of electrons. |
| what is the maximum amount of electrons per shell/orbit? (Science) | 2 in the first one, and then 8 in every other one. |
| what is an ion? (Science) | An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a charge. |
| what is an ionic bond? (Science) | An ionic bond is a chemical bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another, creating ions that attract each other due to opposite charges. |
| what is a molecule? (Science) | A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound. |
| what is a covalent bond? (Science) | A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. |
| what are the vertical columns on the periodic table called? (Science) | Groups or Families. |
| what are the horizontal columns on the periodic table called? (Science) | Periods |
| what is the periodic table useful for? (Science) | It is useful for organizing elements by their properties, such as atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. |
| where do elements with the same chemical properties appear on the periodic table? (Science) | They appear in the same group or column. |
| where can the formulas of compounds containing two elements be deduced from? (Science) | From the periodic table and by knowing the charges of the ions involved. |
| what are callipers? (Science) | Callipers are instruments used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object. |
| what is an opisometer? (Science) | An opisometer is a tool used to measure the length of curved lines. |
| what is a trundle wheel? (Science) | A trundle wheel is a tool used for measuring large distances, typically in outdoor settings. |
| what is the area? (Science) | Area is the measure of the space within a boundary, typically measured in square units. |
| what is the volume? (Science) | Volume is the measure of the amount of space an object or substance occupies, typically measured in cubic units. |
| what is a graduated cylinder? (Science) | A graduated cylinder is a laboratory instrument used to measure the volume of liquids. |
| what is a meniscus? (Science) | The meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, often observed when reading measurements in a graduated cylinder. |
| what is an overflow can? (Science) | An overflow can is a tool used to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object by displacing water. |
| what is the mass? (Science) | Mass is the amount of matter in an object, typically measured in grams or kilograms. |
| what is a thermometer? (Science) | A thermometer is a device used to measure temperature. |
| what is an instrument? (Science) | An instrument is any tool used for measuring, observing, or manipulating objects in a scientific context. |
| what are units of measurement? (Science) | Units of measurement are standard quantities used to express the size, amount, or degree of something (e.g., meters, grams, seconds). |
| how do you measure length? (Science) | Length can be measured using tools like rulers, measuring tapes, or calipers. |
| what do centimetres, millimetres and kilometres measure? (Science) | They measure length or distance. |
| what is used to measure length? (Science) | A ruler, measuring tape, or calipers are commonly used to measure length. |
| what is the parallax error? (Science) | Parallax error occurs when the measurement reading is taken from an incorrect angle, causing inaccurate results. |
| what is a digital callipers? (Science) | Digital calipers are an advanced version of calipers that display measurements electronically. |
| how do you measure the length of a curved line? (Science) | You can use an opisometer or a flexible ruler to measure a curved line. |
| what is a trundle wheel used for? (Science) | A trundle wheel is used to measure long distances, often on uneven surfaces. |
| how do you convert centimetres to metres? (Science) | Divide the number of centimetres by 100 (1 metre = 100 centimetres). |
| how do you convert millimetres to metres? (Science) | Divide the number of millimetres by 1000 (1 metre = 1000 millimetres). |
| how do you convert kilometres to metres? (Science) | divide the number of kilometres by 1000 (1 kilometre = 1000 metres). |
| how do you measure the area of a square? (Science) | Multiply the length of one side by itself (Area = side × side). |
| how do you calculate the area of an irregular shape (or, in other words, a squishy blob) (Science) | Use methods like graph paper or calculus-based integration. |
| how do you measure the area of a rectangle? (Science) | Multiply the length by the width (Area = length × width). |
| how do you measure volume? (Science) | Volume can be measured by multiplying length × width × height for regular objects or by using water displacement for irregular objects. |
| how do you measure the volume of a liquid? (Science) | Use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of a liquid. |
| how do you measure the volume of a cube or a rectangularly shaped object? (Science) | Measure the length, width, and height, then multiply them (Volume = length × width × height). |
| how do you find the volume of an irregularly shaped object? (Science) | Use water displacement in a graduated cylinder or overflow can. |
| how do you find the volume of something that floats on water? (Science) | Submerge the object completely in water and measure the displaced water volume. |
| what are the units of time? (Science) | Seconds, minutes, hours. |
| how is time measured? (Science) | Time can be measured using clocks or stopwatches. |
| what does accuracy mean? (Science) | Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value. |
| what does precision mean? (Science) | Precision refers to how close repeated measurements are to each other. |
| how is temperature measured? (Science) | Temperature is measured using a thermometer. |
| what is mass? (Science) | Mass is the amount of matter in an object. |
| what measures electric currents? (Science) | An ammeter measures electric current. |
| what is density? (Science) | Density is the mass of an object per unit volume. |
| what is volume? (Science) | Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. |
| what is mass? (Science) | Mass is the amount of matter in an object. |
| what does flotation mean? (Science) | Flotation refers to an object's ability to float on the surface of a liquid due to its lower density compared to the liquid. |
| what does equal volumes mean? (Science) | Equal volumes mean identical amounts of space or capacity. |
| what did archimedes discover? (Science) | Archimedes discovered the principle of buoyancy, or how objects float in fluids. |
| who discovered how to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object? (Science) | archimedes |
| what substances have a lower density than water? (Science) | Substances like oil, wood, and ice have a lower density than water. |
| what substances have a higher density than water? (Science) | Substances like metals (e.g., lead, gold) have a higher density than water. |
| what do substances with a lower density than water do in water? (Science) | float 🦆 |
| what do substances with a higher density than water do in water? (Science) | sink |
| why is density important in our everyday lives? (Science) | It determines whether objects will float or sink, and is important for applications like ship design, swimming, and oil exploration. |
| what does substance identification mean? (Science) | Substance identification refers to determining the properties and identity of a substance based on its characteristics. |
| why does an iron ship float? (Science) | An iron ship floats because its shape creates a large volume, reducing its overall density compared to water. |
| what formula is used to find the density of a substance? (Science) | Density = Mass / Volume |
| what do you need to do to find the density of an object? (Science) | Measure its mass and volume, then use the formula for density. |
| what is the unit of density? (Science) | The unit of density is typically grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³). |
| what does knowledge of density help with? (Science) | It helps in understanding buoyancy, material selection, and the behavior of substances in different environments. |
| what is speed? (Science) | Speed is the rate at which an object moves, calculated as distance divided by time. |
| what is displacement? (Science) | Displacement is the shortest distance between an object's starting and ending points, with direction. |
| what is velocity? (Science) | Velocity is the speed of an object in a specific direction. |
| what is acceleration? (Science) | Acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. |
| what is a slope? (Science) | The slope is the steepness of a line, typically used in graphs to show the rate of change. |
| how is speed measured? (Science) | Speed is measured by dividing the distance traveled by the time taken. |
| what unit is speed measured in? (Science) | Speed is typically measured in meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h). |
| how is velocity measured? (Science) | Velocity is measured similarly to speed, but includes direction, typically in meters per second (m/s). |
| how is acceleration measured? (Science) | Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared (m/s²). |
| what is a velocity - time graph and what does it tell us? (Science) | A velocity-time graph shows how velocity changes over time, and its slope represents acceleration. |
| how can the speed of an object be calculated? (Science) | Speed can be calculated by dividing the total distance traveled by the time taken. |
| what can a motion sensor measure? (Science) | A motion sensor can measure speed, distance, and changes in position. |
| what is a force? (Science) | A force is a push or pull that can change an object's motion. |
| what are balanced forces? (Science) | Balanced forces are equal in size and opposite in direction, resulting in no change in motion. |
| what are unbalanced forces? (Science) | Unbalanced forces cause a change in an object's motion. |
| what are balanced forces? (Science) | Balanced forces are equal in size and opposite in direction, resulting in no change in motion. |
| what is a newton meter? (Science) | A newton meter (or spring scale) is a device used to measure force. |
| what is a force meter? (Science) | A force meter measures the amount of force exerted on an object. |
| what does extension mean? (Science) | Extension refers to the increase in length of an object when a force is applied to it. |
| what is friction? (Science) | Friction is the resistance to motion when two objects or surfaces are in contact. |
| what does proportional mean? (Science) | Proportional means that two quantities change in relation to each other in a consistent manner. |
| what is gravity? (Science) | Gravity is the force of attraction between two masses, such as the Earth and an object. |
| what is weight? (Science) | Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object, calculated as mass × gravitational acceleration. |
| what does Hooke's law state? (Science) | Hooke's law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring is directly proportional to the displacement. |
| what is a resistor? (Science) | A resistor is a component used to resist the flow of electric current. |
| what is a variable resister? (Science) | A variable resistor is a resistor whose resistance can be adjusted. |
| what is a light-dependent resister (LDR)? (Science) | An LDR is a resistor that changes its resistance based on the amount of light falling on it. |
| what is a diode? (Science) | A diode is a component that allows current to flow in only one direction. |
| what is a light-emitting diode (LED)? (Science) | An LED is a diode that emits light when current flows through it. |
| what does LDR stand for? (Science) | Light Dependent Resistor |
| what does LED stand for? (Science) | Light Emitting Diode |
| what is a thermistor? (Science) | A thermistor is a type of resistor whose resistance changes with temperature. |
| "watt" is a wattmeter? ("watt", as in, "what"? geddit?) (Science) | A wattmeter is an instrument used to measure power in an electrical circuit. |
| what is a current? (Science) | Current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor. |
| what is the unit of a current? (Science) | The unit of current is the ampere (A). |
| what is voltage? (Science) | Voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points, causing current to flow. |
| what does a battery do, and what does it measure? (Science) | A battery provides electrical energy and can measure voltage. |
| what does the very thin wire at the top of a lightbulb do? (Science) | The thin wire (filament) in a lightbulb heats up and emits light when current passes through it. |
| what is resistance in electric terms? (Science) | Resistance is the opposition to the flow of electric current in a circuit. |
| what is the unit for resistance? (Science) | The unit for resistance is the ohm (Ω). (i like to imagine an animal saying om nom nom nom nom while eating something) |
| what is the unit of voltage? (Science) | The unit of voltage is the volt (V). |
| what does Ohm's law state? (Science) | Ohm's law states that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance (V = I × R). |
| what is a variable resistor also called? (Science) | A variable resistor is also called a potentiometer. |
| what is power? (Science) | Power is the rate at which energy is transferred or converted. |
| what is electrical power? (Science) | Electrical power is the rate at which electrical energy is used, measured in watts (W). |
| "watt" are watts named after? ("watt", as in, "what"? geddit?) (Science) | Watts are named after James Watt, an inventor and engineer who improved the steam engine. |
| how are voltage, current and resistance related? (Science) | They are related by Ohm's law: V = I × R. |
| what is the power of an electrical appliance? (Science) | The power is the rate at which the appliance converts electrical energy into another form, measured in watts (W). |
| how can the power of an electrical appliance be measured? (Science) | Power can be measured by multiplying voltage and current (P = V × I). |
| greetings (German) | begrüßungen |
| good morning (German) | Guten Morgen |
| good day (German) | Guten Tag |
| good evening (German) | Guten Abend |
| hello (German) | Hallo |
| hi (German) | Grüß dich |
| how are you? (German) | Wie geht’s? |
| how are you? (informal) (German) | Wie geht’s dir? |
| how are you? (formal) (German) | Wie geht es Ihnen? |
| farewells (German) | verabschiendungen |
| bye (German) | Tschüss |
| bye (German) | Auf Wiedersehen |
| see you soon (German) | Bis bald |
| see you tomorrow (German) | Bis morgen |
| see you later (German) | Bis später |
| goodbye (German) | Auf Wiedersehen |
| goodnight (German) | Guten Nacht |
| i am unwell (German) | Mir geht es nicht gut |
| i am well (German) | Mir geht es gut |
| i am not well. (German) | Mir geht es nicht gut |
| i am great (German) | Mir geht es bestens! |
| i am very well (German) | Mir geht es sehr gut |
| i am ok (German) | Es geht mir gut |
| to be called (German) | heißen |
| brother (masculine) (German) | der Bruder |
| halfbrother (masculine) (German) | der Halbbruder |
| stepbrother (masculine) (German) | der Stiefbruder |
| twin brother (masculine) (German) | der Zwillingsbruder |
| father (masculine) (German) | der Vater |
| stepfather (masculine) (German) | der Stiefvater |
| cousin (masculine) (German) | der Cousin |
| uncle (masculine) (German) | der Onkel |
| grandfather (masculine) (German) | der Großvater / Opa |
| the oldest (masculine) (German) | der älteste |
| the second oldest (masculine) (German) | der zweitälteste |
| the second youngest (masculine) (German) | der zweitjüngste |
| the youngest (masculine) (German) | der jüngste |
| the darling (masculine) (German) | der Liebling |
| twin (masculine) (German) | der Zwilling |
| sister (German) | die Schwester |
| half sister (feminine) (German) | die Halbschwester |
| stepsister (feminine) (German) | die Stiefschwester |
| twin sister (feminine) (German) | die Zwillingsschwester |
| mother (German) | die Mutter |
| stepmother (feminine) (German) | die Stiefmutter |
| cousin (feminine) (German) | die Cousine |
| aunt (feminine) (German) | die Tante |
| grandmother (feminine) (German) | die Großmutter |
| the oldest (feminine) (German) | die älteste |
| the second oldest (feminine) (German) | die zweitälteste |
| the second youngest (feminine) (German) | die zweitjüngste |
| the youngest (feminine) (German) | die jüngste |
| siblings (German) | die Geschwister |
| brothers (masculine) (German) | die Brüder |
| sisters (feminine) (German) | die Schwestern |
| half siblings (German) | die Halbgeschwister |
| step siblings (German) | die Stiefgeschwister |
| twin brothers (masculine) (German) | die Zwillingsbrüder |
| twin sisters (feminine) (German) | die Zwillingsschwestern |
| parents (German) | die Eltern |
| stepparents (German) | die Stiefeltern |
| cousins (German) | die Cousins |
| uncles (masculine) (German) | die Onkels |
| aunts (feminine) (German) | die Tanten |
| grandparents (German) | die Großeltern |
| the middle child (German) | das mittlere Kind |
| an only child (German) | das Einzelkind |
| the baby (German) | das Baby |
| a (masculine) (German) | einen |
| no (masculine) (German) | keinen |
| my (masculine) (German) | meinen |
| a (feminine) (German) | eine |
| no (feminine) (German) | keine |
| my (feminine) (German) | meine |
| a (nuetral) (German) | ein |
| no (nuetral) (German) | kein |
| my (nuetral) (German) | mein |
| lots of (German) | viele |
| no (plural) (German) | keine |
| my (plural) (German) | meine |
| friendly (German) | Freundlich |
| lovely (German) | Lieb |
| nice (German) | Nett |
| friendly (German) | Freundlich |
| lovely (feminine) (German) | Lieb |
| kind (feminine) (German) | Nett |
| friendly (German) | Freundlich |
| lovely (nuetral) (German) | Lieb |
| kind (nuetral) (German) | Nett |
| friendly (plural) (German) | Freundlich |
| lovely (plural) (German) | Lieb |
| kind (plural) (German) | Nett |
| goldfish (German) | der Goldfisch |
| tomcat (German) | der Kater |
| hamster (German) | der Hamster |
| parrot (German) | der Papagei |
| dog (German) | der Hund |
| bird (German) | der Vogel |
| canary (German) | der Kanarienvogel |
| budgy (German) | der Wellensittich |
| female dog (German) | die Hündin |
| rat (German) | die Ratte |
| cat (German) | die Katze |
| turtle (German) | die Schildkröte |
| cow (German) | die Kuh |
| snake (German) | die Schlange |
| mouse (German) | die Maus |
| goat (German) | die Ziege |
| pet (German) | das Haustier |
| horse (German) | das Pferd |
| chicken (German) | das Huhn |
| pony (German) | das Pony |
| rabbit (German) | das Kaninchen |
| sheep (German) | das Schaf |
| guinea pig (German) | das Meerschweinchen |
| pig (German) | das Schwein |
| animal (German) | das Tier |
| pets (German) | die Haustiere |
| hens (German) | die Hühner |
| canaries (German) | die Kanarienvögel |
| cows (German) | die Kühe |
| mice (German) | die Mäuse |
| birds (German) | die Vögel |
| feeds on (German) | frisst |
| drinks (German) | trinkt |
| to feed on (German) | fressen |
| to drink (German) | trinken |
| every week (German) | jede Woche |
| every day (German) | jeden Tag |
| once a day (German) | einmal am Tag |
| twice a day (German) | zweimal am Tag |
| three times a week (German) | dreimal die Woche |
| always (German) | immer |
| often (German) | oft |
| sometimes (German) | manchmal |
| rarely (German) | selten |
| never (German) | nie |
| berries (German) | die Beeren |
| leftovers (German) | die essensreste |
| fish food (German) | das Fischfutter |
| meat (German) | das Fleisch |
| veggies (German) | das Gemüse |
| grass (German) | das Gras |
| oats (German) | haferflocken |
| hay (German) | heu |
| dog food (German) | das Hundefutter |
| cheese (German) | der Käse |
| milk (German) | die Milch |
| water (German) | das Wasser |
| sunflower seeds (German) | die Sonnenblumenkerne |
| seeds (German) | die Samen |
| salad (German) | der Salat |
| fruit (German) | das Obst |
| nuts (German) | die Nüsse |
| mice (German) | die Mäuse |
| grains (German) | die Getreide |
| cat food (German) | das Katzenfutter |
| really (German) | echt |
| rather (German) | eher |
| very (German) | sehr |
| quite (German) | ziemlich |
| braided (German) | geflochtene |
| straight (German) | glatte |
| long (German) | lang |
| curly (German) | lockig |
| shoulder-length (German) | schulterlang |
| short (German) | kurz |
| wavy (German) | wellig |
| blonde (German) | blond |
| brown (German) | braun |
| dark brown (German) | dunkelbraun |
| dyed (German) | gefärbt |
| light blonde (German) | hellblond |
| grey (German) | grau |
| red (German) | rot |
| black (German) | schwarz |
| white (German) | weiß |
| hair (German) | das Haar |
| eyes (German) | die Augen |
| not (German) | nicht |
| tall (German) | groß |
| medium height (German) | mittelgroß |
| small (German) | klein |
| fat (German) | dick |
| thin (German) | dünn |
| slim (German) | schlank |
| good looking (German) | gutaussehend |
| pretty (German) | hübsch |
| beautiful (German) | schön |
| dimples (German) | die Grübchen |
| freckles (German) | die Sommersprossen |
| highlights (German) | die Strähnchen |
| a bald head (German) | eine Glatze |
| a stylish hairstyle (German) | eine schicke frisure |
| to wear (German) | tragen |
| glasses (German) | die Brille |
| necklace (German) | die Halskette |
| braces (German) | die Zahnspangen |
| beard (German) | der Bart |
| ponytail (German) | der Pferdeschwanz |
| fringe (German) | der Pony |
| plait (German) | der Zopf |
| earrings (German) | die Ohrringe |
| dreadlocks (German) | die Rastalocken |
| make-up (German) | das Schminke |
| jewellery (German) | der Schmuck |
| blue (German) | blau |
| dark blue (German) | dunkelblau |
| green (German) | grün |
| red (German) | rot |
| brown (German) | braun |
| yellow (German) | gelb |
| purple (German) | lila |
| black (German) | schwarz |
| bronze (German) | bronze |
| gold (German) | gold |
| orange (German) | orange |
| silver (German) | silber |
| colourful (German) | bunt |
| grey (German) | grau |
| pink (German) | rosa |
| white (German) | weiß |
| down to earth (German) | bodenständig |
| well behaved (German) | brav |
| patient (German) | geduldig |
| sociable (German) | gesellig |
| generous (German) | großzügig |
| good-humoured (German) | gut gelaunt |
| helpful (German) | hilfsbereit |
| polite (German) | höflich |
| easy (German) | einfach |
| funny (German) | lustig |
| nice (German) | nett |
| tidy (German) | ordentlich |
| punctual (German) | pünktlich |
| mature (German) | reif |
| quiet (German) | ruhig |
| stylish (German) | modisch |
| likeable (German) | sympathisch |
| reliable (German) | zuverlässig |
| old-fashioned (German) | altmodisch |
| stupid (German) | doof / blöd |
| vain (German) | eitel |
| lazy (German) | faul |
| cheeky (German) | frech |
| mean (German) | gemein |
| moody (German) | launisch |
| loud (German) | laut |
| annoying (German) | nervig |
| shy (German) | schüchtern |
| strict (German) | streng |
| stubborn (German) | stur |
| impatient (German) | ungeduldig |
| untidy (German) | unordentlich |
| unpunctual (German) | unpünktlich |
| immature (German) | unreif |
| unlikeable (German) | unsympathisch |
| unreliable (German) | unzuverlässig |
| forgetful (German) | vergesslich |
| north (German) | Nord |
| east (German) | Ost |
| south (German) | Süd |
| west (German) | West |
| northeast (German) | Nordost |
| northwest (German) | Nordwest |
| southeast (German) | Südost |
| southwest (German) | Südwest |
| what are the stage types? (English) | a theatre-in-the-round stage, a flexible stage, a three-sided stage and a proscenium arch stage |
| how does sound help in a play? (English) | sound can create atmosphere and emotion for the audience an can also play a part in the plot |
| how does lighting help in a play? (English) | contributes to the atomosphere and the mood that the audience feels. can also be used to indicate what time it is or the weather |
| what is acting? (English) | how an actor chooses to portray their character using their voice, facial expressions, gestures and movement |
| what is a stage? (English) | the place where a drama or play is performed |
| what is a theatre-in-the-round stage? (English) | a stage that is completely surrounded by audience on all sides |
| what is a flexible stage? (English) | stage and seating are not fixed and can be altered to suit the needs of the play or the whim of the director |
| what is a three-sided or thrust stage? (English) | a stage that juts out into the audience, with the audience sitting on all three sides |
| what is a proscenium arch stage? (English) | framed by an arch - like a window that frames the action happening on the stage |
| what is set design? (English) | all the scenery, furniture and props the audience sees at a production of a play |
| what are props? (English) | the objects that appear on stage or that characters use in a play |
| what are costumes? (English) | the clothes that an actor wears during the performance of a play |
| what is sound in drama? (English) | includes actors' voices speaking dialogue, sound affects and music |
| what is lighting in drama? (English) | includes floor lights, spotlights and floodlights that a lighting director might use to create an affect or atmosphere on stage |
| what are stage directions? (English) | the playwright's instructions to the actors as to what to do on stage |
| who is involved in scriptwriting a play? (English) | the playwright |
| who is involved in staging a play? (English) | theatre manager, director, sound engineer, set designer, lighting director, costume designer and set designer |
| who is involved in the performance of a play? (English) | actors or cast |
| what are the things to think about when scriptwrighting a play? (English) | plot, dialogue, stage directions, setting and characters |
| what are the things to think about when staging a play? (English) | stage type, props, sets, costumes, lighting and sound |
| what are the things to think about when performing a play? (English) | voice, gestures, movement and facial expressions |
| what is drama? (English) | a play for theatre, radio, or television |
| what does a play script look like? (English) | characters names on the side, with their dialogues beside them, and non-dialogue sentences written in italics or in brackets |
| what are the differences between a novel and a play script? (English) | a novel tells of absolutely everything and requires the reader to inference, whereas a play script is much more direct and tells the actors what they have to do |
| what are the areas of the stage? (English) | there are 9 stage areas; the upstage areas are the very back 3, (upstage, upstage left and right), the stage areas are the middle 3, (stage, stage right and left) and downstage are the last 3 (downstage, downstage left and right). on a map, right is left. |
| what is something to remember when answering questions in English that require a longer answer? (English) | be sure to rephrase as much of the original question as possible into your answer. |
| what is a soundscape? (English) | a group of different sounds and noises that help create a sense of place |
| how do you know what the stage directions are when reading a play script? (English) | they are in brackets |
| how do you know what the setting is when reading a play script? (English) | they are in brackets |
| how do you know who the characters are when reading a play script? (English) | they are in all capital letters and are off to the very left, beside their respective dialogues |
| how do you know what the dialogue is when reading a play script? (English) | is beside the characters |
| what are the steps to making a play? (English) | plan, draft, redraft, stage, perform and reflect |
| what does it mean to plan a play? (English) | come up with an idea |
| what does it mean to draft a play? (English) | create a draft |
| what does it mean to redraft a play? (English) | change anything that sounds like narrative into dialogue, fix punctuation, add stage directions and make sure you laid out the script properly |
| what does it mean to stage a play? (English) | Staging is the process of selecting, designing, adapting to, or modifying the performance space for a play or film. |
| what does it mean to perform a play? (English) | do a performance of a play; the performance is the bit that people watch |
| what is the order of operations? (Maths) | The order of operations is a set of rules used to determine the correct sequence to evaluate a mathematical expression: Brackets , Exponents, Multiplication and Division (from left to right), Addition and Subtraction (from left to right). (BEMDAS) |
| how do you do the order of operations? (Maths) | Follow the order of operations: 1. Brackets first, 2. Exponents next, 3. Multiplication and Division from left to right, 4. Addition and Subtraction from left to right. |
| what are natural numbers? (Maths) | Natural numbers are the set of positive whole numbers starting from 1: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... |
| how do I know if a number is a natural number? (Maths) | A natural number is any positive integer greater than zero (1, 2, 3, ...). It does not include negative numbers or fractions. |
| what are integers? (Maths) | Integers are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. For example: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3. |
| how do I know if a number is an integer? (Maths) | An integer is a number that has no fractional or decimal part. It can be positive, negative, or zero. |
| what are fractions? (Maths) | A fraction represents a part of a whole, written as a numerator over a denominator (e.g., 1/2, 3/4). |
| what is a decimal? (Maths) | A decimal is a way to express a fraction where the denominator is a power of 10 (e.g., 0.5, 0.25). |
| what is an eighth as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | An eighth is written as 1/8 as a fraction and as 0.125 as a decimal. |
| what is a quarter as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A quarter is written as 1/4 as a fraction and as 0.25 as a decimal. |
| what is a fifth as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A fifth is written as 1/5 as a fraction and as 0.2 as a decimal. |
| what is a sixth as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A sixth is written as 1/6 as a fraction and as 0.1667 (approx.) as a decimal. |
| what is a tenth as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A tenth is written as 1/10 as a fraction and as 0.1 as a decimal. |
| what is two fifths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Two fifths is written as 2/5 as a fraction and as 0.4 as a decimal. |
| what is five eighths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Five eighths is written as 5/8 as a fraction and as 0.625 as a decimal. |
| what is a half as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A half is written as 1/2 as a fraction and as 0.5 as a decimal. |
| what is three quarters as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Three quarters is written as 3/4 as a fraction and as 0.75 as a decimal. |
| what is an seven eighths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Seven eighths is written as 7/8 as a fraction and as 0.875 as a decimal. |
| what is three tenths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Three tenths is written as 3/10 as a fraction and as 0.3 as a decimal. |
| what is a third as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | A third is written as 1/3 as a fraction and as 0.3333 (approx.) as a decimal. |
| what is two thirds as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Two thirds is written as 2/3 as a fraction and as 0.6667 (approx.) as a decimal. |
| what is a total as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | The term "total" refers to the sum or complete amount. It can be represented as a fraction (e.g., 5/5) or as a decimal (e.g., 1.0). |
| what is seven tenths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Seven tenths is written as 7/10 as a fraction and as 0.7 as a decimal. |
| what is three fifths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Three fifths is written as 3/5 as a fraction and as 0.6 as a decimal. |
| what is four fifths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Four fifths is written as 4/5 as a fraction and as 0.8 as a decimal. |
| what is nine tenths as a decimal and as a fraction? (Maths) | Nine tenths is written as 9/10 as a fraction and as 0.9 as a decimal. |
| what is algebra? (Maths) | Algebra is a branch of mathematics that deals with symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols, often to solve equations. |
| what are percentages? (Maths) | Percentages are a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is denoted by the "%" symbol. |
| what is the perimeter? (Maths) | Perimeter is the total length around the boundary of a 2D shape, calculated by adding the lengths of all its sides. |
| what is the area? (Maths) | Area is the measure of the surface enclosed by a 2D shape, calculated differently depending on the shape (e.g., length × width for a rectangle). |
| what is the volume? (Maths) | Volume is the amount of space occupied by a 3D object, calculated using length × width × height for rectangular objects, or other formulas for different shapes. |
| what are factors? (Maths) | Factors are numbers that can be multiplied together to give a product. For example, the factors of 6 are 1, 2, 3, and 6. |
| what are simultaneous linear equations? (Maths) | Simultaneous linear equations are a set of equations with the same variables that are solved together to find a common solution. |
| what are quadratic equations? (Maths) | Quadratic equations are polynomial equations of degree 2, typically in the form ax² + bx + c = 0. |
| how do we use equations to solve probelms? (Maths) | Equations solve math problems by representing relationships between quantities. You set up an equation based on the given information and solve for the unknown variable. For example, x + 5 = 12 solves to x = 7. |
| how do we get a fraction of something? (Maths) | To find a fraction of an amount, divide by the denominator. The denominator is the number of equal parts. Eg, for 1⁄3, the denominator is 3 and multiply by the numerator. The numerator is the number of parts used. |
| how do we get something as a fraction? (Maths) | How to find a fraction of an amount. 1. Draw a bar to represent the total amount. 2. Split the bar into the number of parts given by the denominator. 3. Find the value of 1 part by dividing the amount by the number of parts. 4. Multiply the answer by |
| how do we get something as a decimal? (Maths) | To make a fraction into a decimal, you divide. For example, 3/4 = 0.75 |
| how do we get something as a percentage? (Maths) | To convert a fraction or decimal into a percentage, multiply by 100. For example, 0.5 × 100 = 50%. |
| what is the numerator? (Maths) | the number on the top of a fraction |
| what is the denominator? (Maths) | the number on the bottom of a fraction |
| is situated (German) | liegt |
| at/by/on the (German) | am |
| at/by (German) | an |
| on (German) | auf |
| in the (German) | im |
| in (German) | in |
| near (German) | in der Nähe von |
| across (German) | gegenüber |
| beside (German) | neben |
| sea (German) | Meer |
| beach (German) | Strand |
| outskirts (of) (German) | Stadtrand (von) |
| the coast (German) | der Küste |
| a lake (German) | einem See |
| the countryside (German) | dem Land |
| an island (German) | einer Insel |
| a farm (German) | einem Bauernhof |
| heart of Ireland (German) | Herzen Irlands |
| eastern (German) | Osten |
| middle of nowhere (German) | Nirgendwo |
| city/town centre (German) | Stadtzentrum |
| the mountains (German) | der Bergen |
| the capital city (German) | der Haupstadt |
| the city/town (German) | der Stadt |
| the city/town centre (German) | der Stadtmitte |
| a village (German) | einem Dorf |
| a suburb (German) | einem Vorort |
| an estate (German) | einer Siedlung |
| South of Ireland (German) | Südirland |
| the school (German) | der Schule |
| a café (German) | einem Café |
| a hotel (German) | einem Hotel |
| a park (German) | einem Park |
| a restaurant (German) | einem Restaurant |
| what is a belief? (Religion) | A belief is an acceptance that something exists or is true, often without evidence. In religion, it refers to the conviction in the divine, the sacred, or spiritual truths. |
| what is the worldview? (Religion) | A worldview is the framework of beliefs and perspectives through which individuals or cultures understand and interpret the world, often shaped by religious views. |
| what is faith? (Religion) | Faith is a strong belief in the doctrines of a religion, even without empirical evidence or proof. |
| what does secular mean? (Religion) | Secular refers to things that are not religious or spiritual. It pertains to worldly matters, distinct from religious life. |
| who is the divine? (Religion) | The divine refers to a god or a supreme being considered holy, sacred, or worthy of worship. |
| what does sacred mean? (Religion) | Sacred means something that is regarded as holy or revered, often in connection with religious practices or objects. |
| what is humanism? (Religion) | Humanism is a worldview that emphasizes human values and the importance of reason, ethics, and justice, often rejecting religious beliefs or doctrines. |
| what is a symbol? (Religion) | A symbol in religion is an object, mark, or image that represents something greater, like a deity, belief, or sacred truth. |
| what are rituals? (Religion) | Rituals are structured religious ceremonies or practices that are repeated and serve to connect individuals with the divine or sacred. |
| what are values? (Religion) | Values in religion refer to the principles or standards of behavior that guide religious believers in how they should live. |
| what are the 5 major world religions? (Religion) | The five major world religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism. |
| what is a founder? (Religion) | A founder in religion is a person who establishes or initiates the religious tradition or movement. |
| what is a prophet? (Religion) | A prophet is a person who is believed to receive divine messages and convey them to others. |
| who is brahman? (Religion) | In Hinduism, Brahman is the ultimate reality or world soul, considered the source and essence of everything in existence. |
| what is reincarnation? (Religion) | Reincarnation is the belief that after death, the soul is reborn into a new body. This belief is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, and certain other religions. |
| what is the symbol of Christianity? (Religion) | The Christian symbol is the cross, representing the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. |
| what is the symbol of Islam? (Religion) | The symbol of Islam is the crescent moon and star, although the crescent is more symbolic than an official emblem. |
| what is the symbol of Buddhism? (Religion) | The Dharma wheel (Dharmachakra), symbolizing the teachings of the Buddha, is the main symbol of Buddhism. |
| what is the symbol of Hinduism? (Religion) | The Om symbol is a key representation in Hinduism, symbolizing the sound and vibration of the universe. |
| what is the symbol of Judaism? (Religion) | The Star of David is the primary symbol of Judaism, representing the connection between God and the Jewish people. |
| who founded Christianity? (Religion) | Christianity was founded by Jesus Christ, whose teachings and resurrection are central to the faith. |
| who founded Islam? (Religion) | Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad, who received the Qur'an as divine revelation. |
| who founded Hinduism? (Religion) | Hinduism does not have a single founder, as it is a diverse religion with ancient roots that evolved over thousands of years. |
| who founded Buddhism? (Religion) | Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who attained enlightenment. |
| who founded Judaism? (Religion) | Judaism is based on the covenant made between God and the patriarchs, especially Abraham, who is considered the father of Judaism. |
| where and when was Christianity founded? (Religion) | Christianity was founded in the 1st century CE in Judea (modern-day Israel/Palestine). |
| where and when was Islam founded? (Religion) | Islam was founded in the 7th century CE in Mecca, present-day Saudi Arabia. |
| where and when was Buddhism founded? (Religion) | Buddhism was founded in the 5th to 4th century BCE in India by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha). |
| where and when was Hinduism founded? (Religion) | Hinduism has no specific founder and developed over thousands of years in the Indian subcontinent, with origins dating back to the Indus Valley civilization (circa 1500 BCE). |
| where and when was Judaism founded? (Religion) | Judaism originated around 2000 BCE in the ancient Near East, with roots in the patriarchal stories of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. |
| what are some of the key beliefs of Christianity? (Religion) | Christianity believes in one God, the divinity of Jesus Christ, salvation through faith in Jesus, and the resurrection of the dead. |
| what are some of the key beliefs of Islam? (Religion) | Islam teaches belief in one God (Allah), the prophethood of Muhammad, the Qur'an as the final revelation, and the Five Pillars of Islam. |
| what are some of the key beliefs of Buddhism? (Religion) | Buddhism emphasizes the Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, suffering (dukkha), and the pursuit of Nirvana. |
| what are some of the key beliefs of Hinduism? (Religion) | Hinduism believes in karma, dharma, reincarnation, moksha (liberation), and reverence for a multitude of gods and goddesses. |
| what are some of the key beliefs of Judaism? (Religion) | Judaism believes in one God, the covenant with Israel, the importance of the Torah, and the coming of the Messiah. |
| what are sacred texts? (Religion) | Sacred texts are writings considered authoritative, divinely inspired, or foundational to a religious tradition. |
| what is oral tradition? (Religion) | Oral tradition refers to the passing down of religious teachings and stories through spoken word rather than written texts. |
| what is written tradition? (Religion) | Written tradition involves the recording of religious teachings, laws, and stories in text form. |
| what are the vedas? (Religion) | The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India, central to Hinduism, containing hymns, philosophy, and rituals. |
| what is the bhagavad gita? (Religion) | The Bhagavad Gita is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the Mahabharata, focusing on the conversation between Prince Arjuna and the god Krishna. |
| what is the tanakh? (Religion) | The Tanakh is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also the basis for the Christian Old Testament. |
| what is the torah? (Religion) | The Torah is the central and most important religious text of Judaism, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. |
| what is the tripitaka? (Religion) | The Tripitaka is the primary scripture of Theravada Buddhism, consisting of three "baskets" or sections: the Vinaya, Sutta, and Abhidhamma Pitakas. |
| what is the bible? (Religion) | The Bible is the sacred scripture of Christianity, consisting of the Old and New Testaments. |
| what is the Qu'ran? (Religion) | The Qur'an is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. |
| who is Allah? (Religion) | Allah is the Arabic word for God, used in Islam to refer to the singular, all-powerful deity. |
| what is a surah? (Religion) | A Surah is a chapter of the Qur'an, each dealing with various aspects of faith and guidance for Muslims. |
| what is the sacred text of Christianity? (Religion) | The sacred text of Christianity is the Bible. |
| what is the sacred text of Islam? (Religion) | The sacred text of Islam is the Qur'an. |
| what is the sacred text of Hinduism? (Religion) | The sacred texts of Hinduism include the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads, and other texts. |
| what is the sacred text of Buddhism? (Religion) | The sacred texts of Buddhism include the Tripitaka, Mahayana Sutras, and Tibetan Buddhist scriptures. |
| what is the sacred text of Judaism? (Religion) | The sacred text of Judaism is the Tanakh, with the Torah being its most important part. |
| what is polytheism? (Religion) | Polytheism is the belief in or worship of multiple gods or deities. |
| what is sacrifice? (Religion) | Sacrifice is an offering made to a deity or higher power, often to seek favor or demonstrate devotion. |
| what is a revelation? (Religion) | A revelation is a divine communication or disclosure of knowledge or truth, often through prophets or sacred texts. |
| what is a covenant? (Religion) | A covenant is a formal agreement or promise made between God and people, often involving mutual obligations. |
| what is monotheism? (Religion) | Monotheism is the belief in the existence of only one God. |
| what is Israel? (Religion) | Israel is a historical and modern country, central to Jewish faith and tradition, and it is believed to be the Promised Land for the Jewish people. |
| who were the israelites? (Religion) | The Israelites were the ancient people of Israel, descendants of the biblical patriarch Jacob (Israel), and key figures in Judaism's early history. |
| what is a patriarch? (Religion) | A patriarch is a male leader or father figure, often used to describe the ancestral fathers of a religious tradition, such as Abraham in Judaism. |
| summarise the story of Abraham. (Religion) | Abraham, called by God to journey to Canaan, was promised many descendants. His faith was tested when asked to sacrifice Isaac, but he obeyed. He is a key figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. |
| what sacred texts is the story of Abraham found in? (Religion) | The story of Abraham is found in the Hebrew Bible (Genesis), the Christian Bible (Old Testament), and the Qur'an. |
| describe the covenant God made with Abraham. (Religion) | God promised Abraham that he would become the father of a great nation, and in return, Abraham and his descendants were to follow God’s laws. |
| explain how Abraham showed his commitment to god. (Religion) | Abraham showed his commitment by leaving his homeland as God commanded, and by his willingness to sacrifice his son Isaac, demonstrating obedience to God's will. |
| explain the importance of Abraham and his descendants for Jews, Christians and Muslims. (Religion) | For Jews, Abraham is the father of the Jewish people; for Christians, he is a model of faith; for Muslims, he is a prophet and an ancestor of Muhammad. |
| what is exodus? (Religion) | Exodus is the second book of the Bible, which describes the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt, their journey to the Promised Land, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. |
| what is a Hebrew? (Religion) | A Hebrew is a member of the ancient people who lived in the region of Israel and who are considered the ancestors of the Jewish people. |
| what is a miracle? (Religion) | A miracle is an extraordinary event that is believed to be caused by divine intervention. |
| what is passover? (Religion) | Passover is a Jewish holiday that commemorates the Israelites' escape from slavery in Egypt and God's protection during the final plague. |
| what is a sedar plate? (Religion) | A Seder plate is used during the Jewish Passover meal to hold symbolic foods that represent aspects of the Exodus story. |
| what foods are on a sedar plate and what do each of them symbolise? (Religion) | Maror - Horseradish (bitter herbs) Charoset - Apples, nuts, wine, and spices (mortar) Karpas - Parsley (dipped in saltwater) Z'roa - Roasted shank bone (lamb) Beitzah - Roasted egg (sacrifice) Chazeret - Romaine lettuce (second bitter herb) |
| summarise the story of how Moses came to be known as the prince of Egypt? (Religion) | Moses was born to Hebrew parents, but was raised as an Egyptian prince after being adopted by Pharaoh's daughter. |
| describe the key evens of Exodus. (Religion) | Key events of Exodus include Moses' leadership in freeing the Israelites, the ten plagues, the parting of the Red Sea, and receiving the Ten Commandments. |
| name the sacred texts in which exodus is found. (Religion) | Exodus is found in the Torah (Jewish), the Old Testament (Christianity), and is referenced in the Qur'an (Islam). |
| explain the Jewish festival of passover. (Religion) | Passover celebrates the liberation of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery, focusing on themes of freedom, faith, and divine deliverance. |
| what were the ten commandments? (Religion) | The Ten Commandments are a set of moral and religious laws given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. |
| what is a commandment? (Religion) | A commandment is a rule or directive issued by God in religious tradition. |
| what is an idol? (Religion) | An idol is a physical object or image that is worshipped as a deity or god, which is prohibited in monotheistic religions like Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. |
| who is Yahweh? (Religion) | Yahweh is the name used for God in the Hebrew Bible, especially in Judaism, signifying the God of Israel. |
| describe the covenant between God and the Israelites as given to moses. (Religion) | The covenant given to Moses was that the Israelites would be God's chosen people if they followed His commandments, including the Ten Commandments. |
| name a moral code. (Religion) | The Ten Commandments in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam serve as a moral code. |
| how did moses show his commitment to God throughout his life? (Religion) | Moses showed his commitment by leading the Israelites out of Egypt, obeying God's commands, and delivering His laws to the people. |
| what does anoint mean? (Religion) | Anointing is the practice of pouring oil on someone as a religious ritual, often to signify consecration or blessing. |
| what are psalms? (Religion) | Psalms are sacred songs or hymns in the Hebrew Bible, often attributed to King David, used in worship and prayer. |
| what is a sin? (Religion) | A sin is an act or thought that violates divine law or moral principles in a religious context. |
| what does repent mean? (Religion) | To repent means to feel remorse for one's sins and to seek forgiveness, often through prayer or other religious practices. |
| what is a temple? (Religion) | A temple is a building or space dedicated to worship and religious rituals, often in Hinduism, Buddhism, and ancient religions. |
| what is the Ark of the Covenant? (Religion) | The Ark of the Covenant is a sacred chest that housed the Ten Commandments, symbolizing God's presence with the Israelites. |
| what is Hanukkah? (Religion) | Hanukkah is an eight-day Jewish festival celebrating the rededication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the miracle of the oil. |
| what does Messiah mean? (Religion) | Messiah refers to a savior or liberator, especially in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, who is expected to bring salvation. |
| explain why King David is an important person in ancient Judaism. (Religion) | King David is regarded as the ideal king of Israel, uniting the tribes, and establishing Jerusalem as the capital, as well as being an ancestor of the Messiah in Jewish and Christian traditions. |
| describe good times in ancient Judaism. (Religion) | Good times in ancient Judaism include periods of peace, prosperity, and religious observance, such as during King David's reign. |
| describe challenging times in ancient Judaism. (Religion) | Challenging times include periods of oppression, exile, and conquest, such as the Babylonian exile or under Roman rule. |
| construct a timeline of the main events in ancient Judaism. (Religion) | Events include the covenant with Abraham, the Exodus, the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel, the Babylonian exile, and the return to Jerusalem. |
| what is the liturgical calendar? (Religion) | The liturgical calendar is a cycle of seasons and celebrations in the Christian church, marking events in the life of Christ and important saints. |
| what is advent? (Religion) | Advent is the season of preparation for the birth of Jesus, observed in the four weeks leading up to Christmas. |
| name the seasons in the Christian liturgical calendar. (Religion) | The main seasons are Advent, Christmas, Epiphany, Lent, Easter, and Pentecost. |
| identify religious and non-religious rituals that happen during Advent. (Religion) | Religious rituals include lighting the Advent wreath, prayer, and preparing for Christ's birth. Non-religious rituals might include decorating and gift-giving. |
| explain the symbolism of the advent wreath. (Religion) | The Advent wreath has four candles representing the four weeks of Advent, symbolizing hope, peace, joy, and love, with a fifth candle representing Christ. |
| describe the meaning of Advent for Christians. (Religion) | Advent is a time of reflection, hope, and preparation for the coming of Christ. |
| outline the prophets message of the messiah in the old testament. (Religion) | The prophets in the Old Testament foretold the coming of a Messiah who would deliver and restore Israel. |
| outline the new testament belief about Jesus. (Religion) | Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah, the Son of God, who came to save humanity through His life, death, and resurrection. |
| what is Christmas? (Religion) | Christmas is the celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ, observed on December 25th in Christianity. |
| what is easter? (Religion) | Easter is the Christian holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. |
| what is advent? (Religion) | Pentecost is the Christian festival commemorating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles. |
| what is pentecost? (Religion) | Pentecost is a Christian holiday which takes place on the 49th day after Easter Day. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles of Jesus while they were in Jerusalem celebrating the Feast of Weeks, as described in the Acts of the Apo |
| what is lent? (Religion) | The order is: 1st candle (hope), 2nd candle (peace), 3rd candle (joy), 4th candle (love), and the Christ candle in the center. |
| what order do the candles go in on an advent wreath? (Religion) | the first is the bottom left, and it goes clockwise from there, meaning the third one is the pink one. |
| what does the first candle on the advent wreath represent? (Religion) | hope |
| what does the second candle on the advent wreath represent? (Religion) | joy |
| what does the third candle on the advent wreath represent? (Religion) | peace |
| what does the fourth candle on the advent wreath represent? (Religion) | love ♥ |
| what does the fifth candle on the advent wreath represent? (Religion) | Christ, and his coming. |
| what is a Mezuzah? (Religion) | A small scroll containing Hebrew verses from the Torah, placed on doorposts in Jewish homes. |
| what is a gentile? (Religion) | A non-Jewish person. |
| who were the sadducees? (Religion) | A Jewish sect that was influential in the Second Temple period, known for their strict adherence to the Torah. |
| who were the pharisees? (Religion) | A Jewish sect known for their interpretation of Jewish law, more flexible than the Sadducees. |
| who were the zealots? (Religion) | A group of Jewish revolutionaries who sought to overthrow Roman rule in Judea. |
| name the places in Palestine associated with the life of Jesus. (Religion) | Bethlehem, Nazareth, Jerusalem, and the Sea of Galilee. |
| describe daily life at the time of Jesus. (Religion) | Life was centered around agriculture, family, and religious practices. The majority of people were poor, and the Romans controlled the region. |
| explain the difference between the two groups of religious leaders at the time of Jesus. (Religion) | The Sadducees were wealthy and controlled the Temple, while the Pharisees focused on religious law and were more populist. |
| what is a parable? (Religion) | A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson. |
| what is mercy? (Religion) | Compassion or forgiveness shown to someone whom it is within one's power to punish or harm. |
| what is a sermon? (Religion) | A speech or religious discourse delivered by a religious leader to teach or inspire. |
| what is a beatitude? (Religion) | A saying of Jesus, often part of the Sermon on the Mount, that expresses the blessings or happiness of certain virtues. |
| explain what a parable is. (Religion) | A short, fictional story that conveys a moral lesson or teaching. |
| identify the message and purpose of parables. (Religion) | Parables teach moral lessons about God's kingdom, love, and righteousness. |
| outline what Jesus talked about in the Sermon on the mount. (Religion) | Topics include the Beatitudes, love, forgiveness, and prayer (including the Lord’s Prayer). |
| describe the Beatitudes. (Religion) | Eight blessings Jesus offered that describe qualities of those who are blessed by God, such as the meek, merciful, and pure in heart. |
| name two parables. (Religion) | The Parable of the Prodigal Son, The Parable of the Good Samaritan. |
| what happened in the parable of the prodigal son? (Religion) | A younger son squanders his inheritance, repents, and is forgiven by his father, symbolizing God's grace. |
| what happened in the parable of the good samaritan? (Religion) | A Samaritan helps a wounded man when others passed by, teaching the importance of loving your neighbor. |
| what is worship? (Religion) | The act of showing reverence and adoration for God. |
| what is prayer? (Religion) | A way to communicate with God, expressing praise, requests, and gratitude. |
| what is a mandir? (Religion) | A Hindu temple, a place of worship. |
| what is a synagogue? (Religion) | A Jewish place of worship and community gathering. |
| what is a vihara? (Religion) | A Buddhist monastic dwelling or temple. |
| what is a church? (Religion) | A Christian place of worship and community. |
| what is a mosque? (Religion) | A Muslim place of worship. |
| what is a Shikhara? (Religion) | The spire of a Hindu temple, representing the Mount Meru. |
| what is a shrine? (Religion) | A sacred place dedicated to a deity, saint, or religious figure. |
| what is a deity? (Religion) | A god or goddess worshiped in various religions. |
| what is a puja? (Religion) | A Hindu ritual of worship, involving offerings to deities. |
| what is an arati? (Religion) | A Hindu devotional offering of light, typically using a lamp. |
| what is an ark? (Religion) | A chest containing sacred scriptures or religious items. |
| what is a cantor? (Religion) | A Jewish singer or prayer leader who leads religious services. |
| what is a monastery? (Religion) | A place where monks or nuns live, dedicated to religious life. |
| what is a monk? (Religion) | A member of a religious community, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. |
| what is a stupa? (Religion) | A Buddhist monument, often containing relics or sacred objects. |
| what is a relic? (Religion) | A physical object associated with a saint, prophet, or religious figure. |
| what is meditaion? (Religion) | A practice of focused thought or mindfulness, often used for spiritual or relaxation purposes. |
| what is a steeple? (Religion) | A tall tower on a church, often with a spire. |
| what is an altar? (Religion) | A table or platform used for religious rituals or sacrifices. |
| what is a lectern? (Religion) | A stand used for reading scriptures or speaking. |
| what is a pulpit? (Religion) | A raised platform in a church from which the sermon is delivered. |
| what is a minaret? (Religion) | A tall tower from which Muslims are called to prayer. |
| what is a mihrab? (Religion) | A niche in a mosque indicating the direction of Mecca for prayer. |
| what is a wudu? (Religion) | The ritual washing performed by Muslims before prayer. |
| what is an imam? (Religion) | A Muslim prayer leader or religious guide. |
| what is the place of worship for hinduism? (Religion) | A mandir. |
| what is the place of worship for judaism? (Religion) | A synagogue. |
| what is the place of worship for christianity? (Religion) | A church. |
| what is the place of worship for islam? (Religion) | A mosque. |
| what is the place of worship for Buddhism? (Religion) | A vihara. |
| what are the main features of a mandir? (Religion) | Includes altars, idols of deities, and decorative art. |
| what are the main features of a synagogue? (Religion) | Includes the Ark, Torah scrolls, menorah, and seating for prayer. |
| what are the main features of a vihara? (Religion) | Includes statues of Buddha, prayer halls, and meditation areas. |
| what are the main features of a church? (Religion) | Includes an altar, pulpit, pews, and sometimes stained-glass windows. |
| what are the main features of a mosque? (Religion) | Includes the mihrab, prayer rugs, and a minaret. |
| describe what you might hear and see in a church. (Religion) | You may hear hymns and prayers, and see a cross, pews, and an altar. |
| describe what you might hear and see in a vihara. (Religion) | You may hear chants, see statues of Buddha, and have a calm atmosphere. |
| describe what you might hear and see in a synagogue. (Religion) | You may hear prayers, see the Torah scrolls, and the Ark. |
| describe what you might hear and see in a mosque. (Religion) | You may hear the call to prayer and see people praying towards Mecca. |
| describe what you might hear and see in a mandir. (Religion) | You may hear devotional songs and see idols of deities being worshiped. |
| what is a vocation? (Religion) | A calling to a particular profession or lifestyle, especially in religious service. |
| what is an ordained life? (Religion) | A life dedicated to religious service, often through ordination (e.g., as a priest or minister). |
| what is a religious life? (Religion) | A life committed to religious service, often in monastic settings. |
| what is laity? (Religion) | Ordinary members of a religious community, as opposed to clergy or religious leaders. |
| who is the pope? (Religion) | The leader of the Roman Catholic Church, considered the Bishop of Rome. |
| what is an atheist? (Religion) | A person who does not believe in the existence of God or gods. |
| what is a vocation? (Religion) | A calling or career, especially one that involves religious or spiritual service. |
| identify the different types of vocations. (Religion) | Priesthood, monastic life, missionary work, religious education. |
| describe a response of 2 major world religions to homelessness. (Religion) | Christianity: Charity work and shelters. Islam: Zakat (charity) to help those in need. |
| describe a non-religious response to the issue of homelessness. (Religion) | Government programs, nonprofit organizations providing shelters and food. |
| what is grace? (Religion) | God's unmerited favor or assistance given to humans. |
| what is annunciation? (Religion) | The announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive Jesus. |
| what is assumption? (Religion) | The belief that Mary was taken bodily into heaven. |
| what is immaculate conception? (Religion) | The doctrine that Mary was conceived without original sin. |
| what is apparation? (Religion) | A supernatural appearance, especially of a religious figure. |
| describe the role of mary in christianity and islam. (Religion) | In Christianity, she is the mother of Jesus; in Islam, she is highly revered as the mother of Prophet Isa (Jesus). |
| explain how mary's commitment to her faith has a positive impact on christians and muslims. (Religion) | Mary's faith exemplifies obedience and submission to God's will, inspiring both Christians and Muslims. |
| identify different names and titles associated with mary. (Religion) | Mother of God, Queen of Heaven, Our Lady. |
| describe some of mary's images. (Religion) | The Madonna, Our Lady of Sorrows, Virgin and Child. |
| what is a saint? (Religion) | A person recognized for their holiness and virtue, often canonized in the church. |
| what is canonisation? (Religion) | The formal process by which the Catholic Church declares someone a saint. |
| what is a martyr? (Religion) | A person who suffers or dies for their religious beliefs. |
| what are missionaries? (Religion) | People sent on religious missions to spread their faith. |
| explain why some people are declared saints. (Religion) | Because of their exemplary faith, miracles, and devotion to God. |
| present the story of the life of one saint. (Religion) | St. Francis of Assisi, known for his poverty, love of animals, and devotion to peace. |
| describe how a saint has had a positive impact on the lives of people because of their commitment to living out their beliefs. (Religion) | St. Teresa of Calcutta helped the poor and sick, embodying compassion and service. |
| what are the six articles of faith? (Religion) | Belief in God, angels, scriptures, prophets, the Day of Judgment, and divine predestination (in Islam). |
| what are the five pillars of islam? (Religion) | Faith (Shahada), Prayer (Salat), Charity (Zakat), Fasting (Sawm), Pilgrimage (Hajj). |
| what is the kaaba? (Religion) | A sacred cube-shaped structure in Mecca, the most important site in Islam. |
| what is a creed? (Religion) | A statement of religious beliefs or principles. |
| what does persecuted mean? (Religion) | Being mistreated or oppressed because of one's faith or beliefs. |
| what does sunni mean? (Religion) | A branch of Islam that believes in the rightful succession of the first four caliphs. This is the majority group. |
| what does shia mean? (Religion) | A branch of Islam that believes Ali, the Prophet’s cousin, was the rightful successor to Muhammad. This is a minority group. |
| describe what life was like in mecca before islam began. (Religion) | Mecca was a commercial hub, known for idol worship and polytheism. |
| summarise muhammad's life story. (Religion) | Muhammad received revelations from God (Allah) which became the Quran, founding Islam. |
| identify and explain the important moments of challenge and expansion in the development of islam. (Religion) | Muhammad's migration to Medina (Hijra) and the conquest of Mecca were pivotal in spreading Islam. |
| what is a hijab? (Religion) | A headscarf worn by Muslim women as a symbol of modesty. |
| what is sharia law? (Religion) | Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing aspects of personal and social life. |
| what is modesty? (Religion) | A quality of being humble and avoiding extravagance, often linked to dress and behavior in various religions. |
| what is a niqab? (Religion) | A face veil worn by some Muslim women for modesty. |
| what is a burka? (Religion) | A full-body covering worn by some Muslim women, covering the face and body. |
| what is islamophobia? (Religion) | Fear, prejudice, or discrimination against Muslims or Islam. |
| explain how the religious beliefs of muslims can influence their daily life. (Religion) | Practices such as prayer, fasting during Ramadan, and dietary laws like halal impact daily routines. |
| name the moral code of islam. (Religion) | The Five Pillars of Islam, which guide ethical and religious conduct. |
| identify different items of muslim clothing. (Religion) | Hijab, niqab, abaya, and kufi. |
| describe the importance of education in tackling Islamophobia. (Religion) | Education can help dispel misconceptions about Islam, fostering understanding and tolerance. |
| what does kosher mean? (Religion) | Foods that conform to Jewish dietary laws. |
| what does halal mean? (Religion) | Foods and actions that are permissible in Islam. |
| what does haram mean? (Religion) | Forbidden or impermissible actions or foods in Islam. |
| what is ramadan? (Religion) | A month of fasting from dawn to sunset observed by Muslims. |
| what does jihad mean? (Religion) | The struggle or effort in the path of God, often misunderstood as "holy war." |
| what does iftar mean? (Religion) | The meal eaten by Muslims to break their fast during Ramadan. |
| what does eid-al-fitr mean? (Religion) | The festival marking the end of Ramadan, celebrating the end of fasting. |
| what does eid-al-adha mean? (Religion) | A festival commemorating Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to God. |
| consider how religious beliefs might influence a muslim's daily diet. (Religion) | Muslims follow dietary laws, eating halal foods and avoiding haram (forbidden) foods. |
| explain how and why muslims express their religious beliefs by fasting during ramadan. (Religion) | Fasting helps develop self-discipline, empathy for the less fortunate, and spiritual growth. |
| examine two festivals in islam and appreciate why each one is important. (Religion) | Eid-al-Fitr celebrates the end of fasting, and Eid-al-Adha commemorates sacrifice and obedience to God. |
| reflect on how religious beliefs can influence someone's day-to-day life. (Religion) | Religious practices, such as prayer, fasting, and charity, can shape daily actions and decisions. |
| what is history? (History) | the study of the past |
| what is the time before writing? (History) | prehistory |
| what do historians use to find evidence? (History) | historical repositories such as museums, libraries and archives to find evidence. they then cross-check their sources |
| what are sources? (History) | places to give us evidence about the past |
| what categories can sources be broken into? (History) | primary or secondary, and then broken down further into written, visual, oral, aural, and tactile |
| how do historians judge how reliable a source is? (History) | by being aware of the possibility of bias, exaggeration and propaganda |
| how do historians put events in chronological order? (History) | using hours, days, months and years. years are often counted in decades, centuries and millennia |
| how do historians specify years when making timelines? (History) | using BCE/BC and CE/AD |
| what happens when new evidence is discovered? (History) | history may need to be reinterpreted |
| what is history? (History) | the study of the past |
| what is a source? (History) | something that gives us information about a person, place or thing in the past |
| what is prehistory? (History) | the time before writing |
| what is archaelogy? (History) | the study of evidence left by people of the past |
| what is historical consciousness? (History) | being able to place ourselves in past human experience, linking the past, present and future |
| what is a historian? (History) | someone who is an expert in or a student of history |
| what is an archaeologist? (History) | someone who investigates places and objects left by people in the past, including the time before written records were kept |
| what is cross-checking? (History) | when more than one source is used to make sure information is correct |
| what is a historical repository? (History) | a place where evidence of the past can be stored and maintained |
| what is an archive? (History) | a place that catalogues and stores a collection of written and other sources |
| what is a museum? (History) | a place that collects and displays objects for public education and appreciation |
| what is a primary source? (History) | a source from the time in question; a first-hand account |
| what is a secondary source? (History) | a source from a later date, after the time in question |
| what is an artefact? (History) | any human-made object, e.g. pottery, a tool or weapon such as a spear |
| what is a census? (History) | an official survey of a population |
| what is an autobiography? (History) | an account of a person's life as written by the person |
| what is a biography? (History) | an account of a person's life as written by somebody else |
| what is a handling box? (History) | a box containing replicas (copies) of artefacts, so that anyone can examine them without damaging the material |
| what is accuracy? (History) | judging how correct the information you are using is |
| what is bias? (History) | when an account is not balanced, but unfairly favors one side |
| what is exaggeration? (History) | when something is presented as better or worse than it actually was |
| what is propaganda? (History) | information that has been designed to influence the behaviours and attitudes of the general public |
| what is a tactile source? (History) | a source that can be touched - a physical object, like an artefact |
| what is chronology? (History) | putting objects into the sequence in which they happened |
| what is reinterpretation? (History) | to see something in a new or different light |
| what is archaelogoy? (History) | the study of remains left by people of the past |
| what is an excavation? (History) | when archaeologists dig to find evidence left by people of the past |
| how do archaelogists identify sites for excavation? (History) | research archaeology, rescue archaeology, visible ruins, areal photography and by accident |
| how long can evidence last? (History) | very long if stored in cool, dry conditions |
| what are the steps to carrying out an excavation? (History) | digging test trenches, removing topsoil; using shoviels, trowels and brushes; cataloguing all finds; taking photographs; and story finds in labelled bags and boxes |
| what are some skills and methods used by archaelogists? (History) | radiocarbon dating, geophysical surveying, pollen analysis, stratigrpahy, dendrochronology, DNA testing, 3D reconstruction and bone analysis |
| what are some archaeological sites and discoveries in ireland? (History) | mount sandel, newgrange passage tomb, the céide fields and the clonycavan man |
| what are periods of history that archaeologists have discovered in Ireland? (History) | the mesolithic and neolithic periods and the bronze and iron ages |
| what is excavation? (History) | Excavation is the process of digging or unearthing artifacts, structures, or remains to study past human activity and history. It is commonly used in archaeology. |
| what is an aerial photograph? (History) | An aerial photograph is a photograph taken from the air, often used in archaeology to examine large areas of land and detect features such as ancient structures. |
| what is radiocarbon dating? (History) | Radiocarbon dating is a method used to determine the age of an object containing organic material by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in the sample. |
| what is mesolithic? (History) | The Mesolithic is a period in prehistory, between the Paleolithic and Neolithic, characterized by hunter-gatherer societies and the gradual development of agriculture. |
| what is a hunter-gatherer? (History) | A hunter-gatherer is a person who obtains food through hunting animals and gathering plants, rather than through farming or domestication. |
| what is a geophysical survey? (History) | A geophysical survey is a technique used in archaeology to detect and map subsurface features using instruments that measure physical properties like magnetism or conductivity. |
| what is neolithic? (History) | The Neolithic is a period in prehistory marked by the development of agriculture, domestication of animals, and the rise of settled communities. |
| what is a pollen analysis? (History) | Pollen analysis is the study of pollen grains preserved in sediments, which helps archaeologists determine past vegetation and climate conditions. |
| what is stratigraphy? (History) | Stratigraphy is the study of layers (strata) of soil or rock to understand the sequence of historical events and the relative dating of artifacts and fossils. |
| what is dendrochronology? (History) | Dendrochronology is the scientific method of dating trees and wooden artifacts by counting tree rings, which reflect the age and environmental conditions of growth. |
| what is the iron age? (History) | The Iron Age is the period in history when iron became the dominant material for tools and weapons, succeeding the Bronze Age. It is characterized by advancements in metallurgy. |
| what is conservation? (History) | Conservation is the practice of preserving and protecting historical artifacts, sites, and structures from deterioration, damage, or destruction. |
| what did the iron age bring about? (History) | a new people: the celts. they were more organised, and their culture and social structure dominated Ireland until Christianity came. |
| what is Early Christian Ireland? (History) | the period in Ireland when Christianity first arrived (c. AD 400-800) |
| what bishop was sent to Ireland and when to spread Christianity? (History) | Palladius in 431 AD. St Paddy came the next year |
| who was the most famous bishop to come to Ireland and when? (History) | St. Paddy in 432 AD until 461 |
| when were many monasteries made in Ireland? (History) | from the 6th century onwards, including Inis Mór (the first one), Clonard, Kells, Clonmacnoise, Glendalough, Clonfert and Skellig Michael |
| what are some monastery buildings? (History) | beehive huts, oratory, refectory, scriptorium and round tower |
| what was some art created by monks? (History) | manuscripts, metalwork and stone high crosses |
| where did many Irish monks go? (History) | abroad to spread or save Christianity |
| what did the Vikings do in Ireland and when? (History) | raided, pillaged and plundered in the 8th century |
| what is a pagan? (History) | A person who follows a polytheistic, nature-based, or folk religion, often used historically to refer to non-Christians in Europe during the rise of Christianity. |
| what is a druid? (History) | A member of the ancient Celtic priesthood, known for their religious, legal, and scholarly roles. They were involved in rituals and ceremonies in ancient Britain and Ireland. |
| what is a monastery? (History) | A religious community where monks or nuns live, dedicated to religious life, typically isolated from the outside world. |
| what is a monk? (History) | A member of a religious community who has taken vows and typically lives in a monastery, focused on religious devotion, prayer, and sometimes work or study. |
| what is a scriptorium? (History) | A room in medieval monasteries where manuscripts were copied by hand, particularly important before the invention of the printing press. |
| what is a round tower? (History) | A tall, cylindrical stone tower found in Ireland, often built beside monasteries, likely used for religious purposes, as a bell tower, or as a refuge. |
| what is a manuscript? (History) | A handwritten document, especially one produced before the advent of printing, often containing religious or scholarly texts. |
| what is a high cross? (History) | A tall stone cross, typically found in Ireland, often richly decorated with Christian motifs, serving both as a religious monument and a marker of sacred ground. |
| what is a longphort? (History) | A Viking settlement, often located by water, in early medieval Ireland; used for both defensive and trading purposes. |
| what did the Normans do? (History) | conquered England in 1066 and brought the feudal system. then came to Ireland in 1169 |
| how was life in the middle ages? (History) | kinda 💩, as many people were peasants under the Norman feudal system and it was very tough. |
| where did people live in the middle ages? (History) | towns, monasteries, castles and manors in the countryside |
| was war a constant presence in people's lives in the middle ages? (History) | yup 👍🏻 |
| what were young noblemen brought up to become? (History) | knights |
| was religion important in the middle ages? (History) | yes. the pope was the most powerful man in europe and his bishops and monasteries were very wealthy. |
| what did the dirty living conditions in the middle ages do for people? (History) | many people lived in encouraged illness and death. there was ver little understanding of the human body. |
| when did the normans invade ireland? (History) | in 1169, and this caused the close ties between england and ireland that would dominate ireland for 800 years. |
| what was feudalism? (History) | A social, economic, and political system where land was exchanged for military service and loyalty, with a hierarchy of lords, vassals, and peasants. |
| what were peasants? (History) | Lower-class workers who lived on the land and worked for the landowners in exchange for protection and a place to live. |
| what was an oath of chivalry? (History) | A pledge taken by knights to follow a code of conduct that emphasized bravery, honor, respect for women, and protection of the weak. |
| what was the open field system? (History) | A farming system where large fields were divided into strips, with each farmer working a portion of the land, but there was no individual ownership of land. |
| what did fallow mean? (History) | Land that was left uncultivated for a season to restore its fertility, as part of crop rotation. |
| what were commons? (History) | Land that was shared by the community for grazing livestock, collecting firewood, or other communal activities. |
| what was a tithe? (History) | A tax or levy, often one-tenth of a person’s income, paid to the church or the lord. |
| what was a charter? (History) | A written document granted by a lord or king that outlined the rights and privileges of a town, guild, or individual. |
| what was a guild? (History) | An association of craftsmen or merchants who controlled the practice of their craft in a particular town, ensuring standards and regulating competition. |
| what were the main changes in art during the renaissance? (History) | the theme changed from religion to the world, new techniques were created, artists based their work on the close study of the body and nature, and women found it very hard to become artists. |
| what were some new art styles made during the renaissance? (History) | sfumato (meaning smoky) and perspective |
| what were some new discoveries made during the renaissance? (History) | many discoveries in science and medicine that improved the quality of life greatly, the study of the human body and the positioning of extraterrestrial objects. |
| what was a technological change made during the renaissance? (History) | the printing press was made by Guthenburg in Germany, meaning ideas and information could be spread much faster and many learned how to read an write |
| what was the renaissance? (History) | A cultural, intellectual, and artistic movement in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century, marking the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Era. |
| what was humanism? (History) | An intellectual movement that focused on the study of classical texts, emphasizing human potential, individualism, and a return to Greek and Roman ideas. |
| what was a patron? (History) | A wealthy individual or family who supported artists, scholars, and intellectuals during the Renaissance, often commissioning works of art or literature. |
| what was perspective? (History) | A technique in art that creates the illusion of depth and three-dimensional space on a flat surface, widely used during the Renaissance to enhance realism. |
| what is anatomy? (History) | The study of the structure of the human body, which became an important field of study during the Renaissance to enhance art and medical knowledge. |
| what is the movable type printing press? (History) | An invention by Johannes Gutenberg in the mid-15th century that allowed for the mass production of books, making literature and knowledge more accessible. |
| what was heresy? (History) | A belief or opinion that deviated from the established teachings of the Church, often leading to excommunication or persecution during the Renaissance period. |
| what caused the voyages of exploration? (History) | the influence of the renaissance, marco polo's stories of the east, a need for new trade routes and competing european states wanting to expand, build new empires and spread Christianity |
| what new tech was made as a result of the age of exploration? (History) | portolan maps, the astrolobe, quadrant, compass, log and line, caravels with lateen sails and carvel-built hulls |
| what was the impact of european conquest on the new world? (History) | the aztecs fell to cortés and the incas to pizzaro, indigenous cultures and people were destroyed, christianity spread in the americas, the slave trade grew and new things reached the new world |
| what was the impact of European conquest for europe? (History) | empires were founded by france, england, spain, portugal and the netherlands, conflicts became more frequent as competition for the new world grew and many goods from south america reached europe, e.g. potatoes 🟩⬜🟧 |
| what was a caravel? (History) | A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the 15th and 16th centuries. From Portuguese 'caravela' |
| who were the conquistadores? (History) | Spanish or Portuguese soldiers, explorers, or adventurers who sought to expand their empires in the Americas. From the Spanish word conquistador, meaning "conqueror" |
| what is colonisation? (History) | The process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area. |
| what was the slavery triangle? (History) | A trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, where slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas, raw materials from the Americas to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa. |
| what was the columbian exchange? (History) | The exchange of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World after Christopher Columbus' voyages. |
| what did the reformation in Europe cause? (History) | people questioned the church's authority (the church was abusing their power) and kings wanted to control the church more in their own countries |
| what abuses was the church doing? (History) | nepotism, simony, absenteeism, pluralism and the sale of indulgences |
| when did resentment towards the church really kick off? (History) | when Martin Luther rejected the power of the Pope to grant indulgences and attacked the abuses within the church. he was excommunicated, but his ideas caught on and soon he had followers all over germany. |
| when did the reformation spread? (History) | in the 1520's onwards in northern europe |
| what were some important consequences of the reformation? (History) | the counter-reformation was released, the inquisition punished heresy doers, new religious orders were set up, the council of trent was formed and didn't like Luther's ideas and europe was divided by religion |
| what was the edict of worms? (History) | Decree banning Martin Luther's writings and excommunicating him. |
| what was the diet of worms? (History) | Assembly where Martin Luther was ordered to recant his writings, but he refused. |
| summarise Martin Luther's life. (History) | German theologian, founder of Lutheranism, opposed the Catholic Church’s practices. |
| what was a new religious order set up by the Church to counter Martin Luther? (History) | the Jesuits |
| what is a protestant? (History) | A member of a Christian denomination that broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. |
| what is simony? (History) | The buying and selling of church offices or positions. |
| what is nepotism? (History) | Favoritism shown to family members by giving them positions or benefits. |
| what is pluralism? (History) | Holding multiple church offices simultaneously, often leading to neglect of duties. |
| what is absenteeism? (History) | Failing to fulfill duties or responsibilities, often in church positions. |
| what was the sale of indulgences? (History) | The practice of selling forgiveness of sins, which was heavily criticized by Luther. |
| what is excommunication? (History) | Officially excluding someone from the Christian Church. |
| what is heresy? (History) | Belief or opinion contrary to the established teachings of the Church. |
| what is predestination? (History) | The doctrine that God has already decided who will be saved and who will be damned. |
| what were the courts of inquisition? (History) | Church tribunals tasked with identifying and punishing heresy. |
| what do you need to talk about for 'Yu Ming is Ainm Dom'? (Irish) | title, writer, characters. yu ming in a shop in china, went to a library, learned about ireland, learned irish, went to ireland after 6 months, couldnt talk, got sad. at the end, met paddy, went to galway, could talk with people, the end. i liked it/why. |
| what do you need to talk about for your day at school blog? (Irish) | intro, name of school, when you go to school/how, when it starts/ends, when it ends differently, when lunch is, what u eat, outro |
| what do you need to talk about for your about yourself blog? (Irish) | intro, name, age, where you live, how many in your fam, sibling is funny and small, aged 9, name, had a pet, eyes and hair, about mom and about dad, outro |
| what are the parts of a poem? (Irish) | poet, techniques, images, feelings, title, verses, language |
| metaphor (Irish) | meafair |
| rhyme (Irish) | rím |
| alliteration (Irish) | uaim |
| personification (Irish) | pearsantú |
| title (Irish) | teideal |
| poet (Irish) | file |
| verse (Irish) | véarsa |
| line (Irish) | líne |
| image (Irish) | íomhá |
| feelings (Irish) | mothúchán |
| theme (Irish) | téama |
| poem (Irish) | dán |
| what is comhuaim? (Irish) | like alliteration (uaim) but at the end of a word |
| what is the financial cost? (Business) | The total amount of money spent or invested to produce a good or service, including expenses like raw materials, labor, and overheads. |
| what is money? (Business) | Any item or verifiable record accepted as payment for goods and services, and repayment of debts. It serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, a unit of account, and a standard of deferred payment. |
| what are needs? (Business) | Basic requirements for survival, such as food, water, shelter, and healthcare. |
| what is the opportunity cost? (Business) | The cost of forgoing the next best alternative when making a decision. It represents the benefits you could have gained by choosing the alternative option. |
| what are priorities? (Business) | The things that are considered most important or urgent in a business or personal context. |
| what are resources? (Business) | Inputs used in the production of goods and services, such as labor, materials, technology, and capital. |
| what are wants? (Business) | Desires for goods and services that are not necessary for survival but are desired for comfort or luxury. |
| what is basic pay? (Business) | The fixed amount of money paid to an employee before any bonuses, overtime, or deductions. |
| what is benefit in kind? (Business) | Non-cash benefits provided to employees, such as company cars, accommodation, or health insurance. |
| what are bonus payments? (Business) | Additional payments made to employees as a reward for performance or as an incentive. |
| what is commission? (Business) | A payment made to employees based on the amount of sales or business they generate. |
| what is discretionary income? (Business) | The amount of income left after all essential living expenses (such as rent, bills, and taxes) have been paid, which can be used for non-essential spending. |
| what is disposable income? (Business) | The portion of income available after taxes and deductions, which can be spent or saved. |
| what is an employee? (Business) | A person who works for a business in exchange for wages or salary. |
| what is an employer? (Business) | A person or company that hires employees to work for them. |
| what is employment? (Business) | The condition of having a job where an individual works for an employer in exchange for compensation. |
| what is a grant? (Business) | Financial assistance given by the government or other organizations to support a business or project. |
| what is gross pay? (Business) | The total earnings of an employee before any deductions such as taxes, pensions, or other benefits. |
| what is income? (Business) | The money earned by an individual or business through work, investments, or other sources. |
| what is interest? (Business) | A charge for the use of borrowed money, or the earnings on deposited funds, usually expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR). |
| what is irregular income? (Business) | Income that is not received on a regular basis, such as freelance payments, bonuses, or one-time sales. |
| what is living wage? (Business) | A wage that is high enough to maintain a normal standard of living, which typically exceeds the minimum wage. |
| what is minimum wage? (Business) | The lowest legally allowed wage an employer can pay an employee, set by the government. |
| what is net pay? (Business) | The amount of money an employee takes home after all deductions like taxes, pension, and other benefits. |
| what is overtime? (Business) | Extra hours worked beyond the normal working hours, usually compensated at a higher rate. |
| what is PAYE? (Business) | A system where income tax is deducted automatically from an employee’s salary by their employer. |
| what is a payslip? (Business) | A document provided by an employer detailing an employee's earnings and deductions for a specific pay period. |
| what is a pension? (Business) | A regular payment made during retirement from an employee's pension plan, typically paid by the employer. |
| what is piece rate? (Business) | A payment system where employees are paid based on the number of units or tasks they complete. |
| what is PRSI? (Business) | A system of social insurance payments made by employees and employers to fund state social welfare benefits. |
| what is regular income? (Business) | Consistent income earned on a regular basis, such as a salary or hourly wage. |
| what is a salary? (Business) | A fixed regular payment, typically expressed annually but paid monthly or weekly, in exchange for work. |
| what are statuary deductions? (Business) | Mandatory deductions from an employee's pay, such as income tax, pension contributions, and social insurance. |
| what is time rate? (Business) | A payment system where employees are paid based on the amount of time they work, such as an hourly wage. |
| what is USC? (Business) | A tax charged on income in some countries, often related to social welfare and public health services. |
| what are voluntary deductions? (Business) | Deductions made from an employee's pay that are not legally required, such as contributions to a charity or additional pension contributions. |
| what are wages? (Business) | The monetary compensation paid to an employee for their labor, usually based on hourly or weekly rates. |
| what is an analysed cash book? (Business) | A financial document that records cash transactions and organizes them into categories for easier analysis. |
| what is a budget? (Business) | A financial plan that outlines expected income and expenses over a period of time. |
| what is capital expenditure? (Business) | Spending on fixed assets like machinery, equipment, or buildings that provide long-term value. |
| what is cash flow? (Business) | The movement of money into and out of a business, showing the financial health and liquidity of the business. |
| what is discretionary expenditure? (Business) | Spending on non-essential items that are optional, such as luxury goods or entertainment. |
| what is expenditure? (Business) | The amount of money spent on goods, services, or investments. |
| what is false economy? (Business) | A situation where an apparent saving leads to greater costs in the long run. |
| what is fixed expenditure? (Business) | Regular, predictable expenses that do not change over time, such as rent or loan repayments. |
| what is impulse buying? (Business) | Unplanned or spontaneous purchases often driven by emotions or marketing. |
| what is current expenditure? (Business) | Ongoing costs required to run a business, such as wages, utilities, and materials. |
| what is invoice? (Business) | A document issued by a seller to a buyer, requesting payment for goods or services. |
| what is irregular expenditure? (Business) | Expenditures that do not occur on a regular basis, such as one-time purchases or emergency costs. |
| what is balanced budget? (Business) | A financial plan where income equals expenditures, leaving no surplus or deficit. |
| what is budget? (Business) | A situation where expenses exceed income, resulting in a shortfall that needs to be funded. |
| what is budget deficit? (Business) | A situation where income exceeds expenses, leaving extra funds available. |
| what is budget surplus? (Business) | The amount of cash available at the end of a financial period after all inflows and outflows have been accounted for. |
| what is closing cash? (Business) | The total cash available, often calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets. |
| what is net cash? (Business) | The amount of cash available at the beginning of a financial period. |
| what is opening cash? (Business) | The amount of cash available at the beginning of a financial period. |
| what is an analysed cash book? (Business) | a record of receipts of money coming into the business and payments of money going out of a business. |
| what is balance? (Business) | The amount of money available in an account, often recorded at the end of a transaction or period. |
| what is balance b/d? (Business) | Balance brought down; the opening balance for a new accounting period. |
| what is balance c/d? (Business) | Balance carried down; the closing balance to be brought forward to the next period. |
| what is a bank overdraft? (Business) | A facility allowing an account holder to withdraw more money than is available in their account, usually up to an agreed limit. |
| what is a bank statement? (Business) | A record of all transactions in a bank account over a specified period, typically issued monthly. |
| what is closing balance? (Business) | The final amount of money in an account after all debits and credits have been processed. |
| what is debit? (Business) | money out |
| what is opening balance? (Business) | The amount of money in an account at the start of a period, before any transactions are made. |
| what is a T-account? (Business) | A visual representation of an account used to analyze financial transactions, with debits on the left side and credits on the right side. |
| what is a transaction? (Business) | An instance of buying, selling, or exchanging goods, services, or assets. |
| what is an automated teller machine (ATM)? (Business) | A machine that allows people to withdraw cash or perform other banking tasks without human assistance. |
| what is a bank statement? (Business) | A payment card that requires full repayment of the balance each month, with no interest charges if paid in full. |
| what is a charge card? (Business) | A written order directing a bank to pay a specific sum from the account holder's account to the person or business named on the cheque. |
| what is a cheque? (Business) | an order to a bank to pay a stated sum from the drawer's account, written on a specially printed form. |
| what is a commercial bank? (Business) | A payment method using radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology or near-field communication (NFC) to make transactions without physical contact. |
| what are contactless payments? (Business) | A card that allows a person to borrow funds up to a certain limit to pay for goods or services, with the balance paid later with interest. |
| what is a credit card? (Business) | a card that allows you to spend as much money as you want as it is the banks money, BUT you have to pay them back at some point |
| what is a credit transfer? (Business) | A type of bank account used for day-to-day transactions, allowing withdrawals and deposits. |
| what is a current account? (Business) | A type of bank account used for day-to-day transactions, allowing withdrawals and deposits. |
| what is a debit card? (Business) | A card linked to a bank account used for making payments and withdrawing cash directly from the account. |
| what is a deposit account? (Business) | A bank account used to hold and save money, typically earning interest over time. |
| what is a digital wallet? (Business) | An electronic system for storing payment information, enabling easy and secure online or contactless transactions. |
| what is direct debit? (Business) | A payment method where money is automatically deducted from a bank account to pay for regular bills or subscriptions. |
| what is the exchange rate? (Business) | The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. |
| what is a financial institution? (Business) | An organization that offers financial services such as banks, credit unions, and insurance companies. |
| what is internet banking? (Business) | Banking services that can be accessed and managed online, including making transfers, paying bills, and checking balances. |
| what is a lodgement? (Business) | The deposit of money into a bank account. |
| what is Paypath? (Business) | A system for electronically transferring wages or payments directly into an employee's bank account. |
| what is a personal identification number (PIN)? (Business) | A secret number used to authenticate a user's identity when accessing a financial account, typically through an ATM or online banking. |
| what is phishing? (Business) | A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information, such as passwords or credit card details, by pretending to be a trustworthy entity. |
| what is a standing order? (Business) | A regular payment instruction given to a bank to transfer a fixed amount of money to another account at regular intervals. |
| what is telephone banking? (Business) | A service allowing customers to manage their bank accounts and make transactions via phone. |
| what is a withdrawl? (Business) | The action of taking money out of a bank account or financial institution. |
| what is two-factor identification? (Business) | A security process where two forms of authentication (like a password and a code sent to a phone) are required to access an account. |
| what is the annual equivalent rate (AER)? (Business) | The rate of interest that reflects the yearly return on an investment, taking into account compounding. |
| what is a commercial bank? (Business) | A financial institution that provides services like savings, loans, and credit. |
| what is compound interest? (Business) | Interest calculated on both the initial principal and the accumulated interest from previous periods. |
| what is a credit rating? (Business) | An assessment of an individual's or organization's creditworthiness based on their credit history. |
| what is a credit union? (Business) | A member-owned financial cooperative that provides financial services to its members. |
| what is a demand deposit account? (Business) | A bank account from which funds can be withdrawn at any time without notice, typically checking accounts. |
| what is a deposit account? (Business) | A bank account designed to hold funds and earn interest over time. |
| what is Deposit Interest Retention Tax (DIRT)? (Business) | A tax levied on interest earned from deposit accounts, typically deducted by the bank before payment. |
| what is the flat rate of interest? (Business) | An interest rate that remains constant throughout the loan period, regardless of changes in the principal balance. |
| what is interest? (Business) | The cost of borrowing money or the earnings on savings, typically expressed as a percentage. |
| what is investing? (Business) | The act of allocating money to assets like stocks, bonds, or real estate with the expectation of generating income or appreciation. |
| what is liquidity? (Business) | The ability to quickly convert an asset into cash without affecting its price. |
| what is a notice deposit account? (Business) | A deposit account that requires notice before withdrawals can be made, often offering higher interest rates in exchange. |
| what is a principal? (Business) | The original amount of money invested or borrowed, excluding interest or earnings. |
| what is savings? (Business) | Money that is set aside, often in a bank account, for future use rather than spending. |
| what is simple interest? (Business) | Interest calculated only on the principal amount, not on accumulated interest. |
| what is a term deposit account? (Business) | A type of deposit account where money is kept for a fixed term, often earning a higher interest rate than a regular savings account. |
| what is holy week? (Religion) | Holy Week is the final week of Lent in the Christian calendar, leading up to Easter. It commemorates the events of Jesus' final days, including his death and resurrection. |
| what is passion? (Religion) | In Christianity, the Passion refers to the suffering and death of Jesus Christ, particularly the events leading up to and including his crucifixion. |
| what is blasphemy? (Religion) | Blasphemy is the act of showing disrespect or lack of reverence for God or sacred things, and in the case of Jesus, was one of the charges brought against him by the religious authorities. |
| what is the eucharist? (Religion) | The Eucharist is a Christian sacrament in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed as symbols of the body and blood of Jesus Christ, commemorating the Last Supper. |
| what was the sanhedrin? (Religion) | The Sanhedrin was the highest Jewish court and legislative body during the time of Jesus. It was responsible for religious decisions and was involved in Jesus' trial. |
| what are the stations of the cross? (Religion) | The Stations of the Cross are a series of 14 images or prayers representing significant events on the day of Christ’s crucifixion, commonly observed by Catholics during Lent. |
| what is a crucifix? (Religion) | A crucifix is a cross with a representation of Jesus' body nailed to it, symbolizing his sacrifice and death for humanity’s sins. |
| explain why some people wanted to kill jesus. (Religion) | Some religious leaders wanted to kill Jesus because they saw him as a threat to their authority and beliefs. His teachings challenged their interpretation of the law. |
| describe the arrest, trials and death of jesus. (Religion) | Jesus was arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane, tried by the Sanhedrin and Roman authorities, and sentenced to death by crucifixion. His death was seen as a sacrifice for humanity’s sins. |
| examine and appreciate christian rituals associated with the death of jesus. (Religion) | Rituals like Good Friday services, the Eucharist, and the Stations of the Cross commemorate Jesus' suffering and death, reminding Christians of his sacrifice for salvation. |
| create a timeline to show the events that took place during the last week of Jesus's life. (Religion) | Sun: Jesus enters Jerusalem (Palm Sunday) Mon: Jesus cleanses the temple Thu: The Last Supper Fri: Jesus' arrest, trial, crucifixion, and death (Good Friday) Sat: Jesus' body rests in the tomb Sun: Jesus' resurrection (Easter Sunday) |
| what happens to verbs that have an 'e' in them (not counting the ending)? (German) | the 'e' will change to an 'i' for the 3rd-person-singular pronouns and the 2nd-person-informal-singular pronoun |
| what happens if a verb ends in 'm', 'n', 't' or 'd'? (German) | add an 'e' before the pronoun ending (except for the endings 'e' and 'en') |
| when do pronoun endings get an extra 'e' when conjugating verbs? (German) | if a verb ends in 'm', 'n', 't' or 'd' |
| what was the base of English Power in Ireland? (History) | Dublin and its surrounding areas (The Pale) |
| who owned most of the land in Ireland during the plantations? (History) | The Anglo - Irish and the Gaelic Irish |
| what did the Tudors want to do during the plantations? (History) | expand their kingdom; make Ireland Protestant; stop Ireland from forming alliances with Catholic monarchs; impose English customs, culture, laws and so forth on the Gaelic Irish |
| what was 'Surrender and Regrant', and what happened under it? (History) | local rulers surrendered themselves and their lands to Henry VIII, and he granted their land back to them along with an English title |
| what happened to confiscated Irish land? (History) | sold or rented to loyal English settlers. This was known as plantation. |
| what was the first plantation? (History) | the laois - offaly plantation, organised by Queen Mary I. |
| what was the second plantation? (History) | the munster plantation, organised by Queen Elizabeth I. |
| what happened during the Ulster Plantation? (History) | the first succesfull plantation, organised by King James I. Many English/Scottish planters moved to Ulster and it became loyal to the crown. The Protestant population grew and prospered, while the Gaelic Irish lost their land. There are still tensions. |
| what happened to many Irish towns that were founded as Viking settlements? (History) | continued to grow and develop during medieval times and as a result of the Plantations. |
| what were The Plantations? (History) | The Plantations were large-scale colonization efforts in Ireland by the English, especially in the 16th and 17th centuries, where English settlers took land from the Irish. |
| what was The Pale? (History) | The Pale was a region around Dublin, where English law and control were fully enforced, separating English rule from Gaelic-controlled Ireland. |
| who were the Anglo - Irish? (History) | The Anglo-Irish were descendants of English settlers who came to Ireland, maintaining their English culture, but later becoming part of the Irish aristocracy. |
| who were the Gaelic Irish? (History) | The Gaelic Irish were the native Irish population who followed the traditional Gaelic culture, customs, and language, distinct from the English settlers. |
| what were Brehon Laws? (History) | Brehon Laws were the native legal system of Ireland before English rule, focusing on kinship and tribal justice rather than written codes. |
| what was surrender and regrant? (History) | Surrender and regrant was a process by which Irish lords gave up their land to the English crown in exchange for official recognition and titles under English law. |
| who were undertakers? (History) | Undertakers were English or Scottish settlers who were granted land in Ireland under the Plantation system, with the obligation to maintain English law and culture. |
| who were servitors? (History) | Servitors were soldiers or officials who had served the English crown in Ireland and were rewarded with land in the Plantation of Ireland. |
| who were the loyal Irish? (History) | The loyal Irish were native Irish who aligned with English rule, either for political reasons or as a means of securing land and power during the Plantations. |
| what were Penal laws? (History) | Penal Laws were a set of laws in Ireland designed to suppress the Catholic population, limiting their rights in areas such as property, education, and religion. |
| what was wattle and daub? (History) | Wattle and daub was a construction method used in Ireland (and elsewhere) where wooden sticks (wattle) were woven together and covered with a mixture of clay and straw (daub) to create walls. |
| what was a contentious issue? (History) | A contentious issue refers to a topic or dispute that causes strong disagreements, such as land ownership, religious differences, or governance, often in the context of English-Irish relations. |
| what happened in Japan in 2011? (Geography) | The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami event, often referred to as the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, resulted in over 18,000 dead, including several thousand victims who were never recovered. |
| what happened to Mount Saint Helens in 1980? (Geography) | a MASSIVE volcano blew up, costing about $1 billion in damages. The eruption killed 57 people, approximately 7,000 big game animals, and about 12 million fingerlings in hatcheries. |
| what are fold mountains? (Geography) | mountains formed from two tectonic plates crashing into each other, causing one to go under the under and the other getting pushed up, making mountains |
| what is the anticline? (Geography) | the highest point |
| what is the syncline? (Geography) | the lowest point |
| what are plate boundaries? (Geography) | the borders between tectonic plates |
| what are the types of plate boundaries? (Geography) | destructive, constructive and passive |
| what is it called when two plates collide and what happens? (Geography) | destructive boundaries; can cause earthquakes and fold mountains |
| what is it called when two plates seperate and what happens? (Geography) | constructive boundaries; makes volcanoes as magma rushes up to fill the gap but cools and makes a volcano |
| what is it called when two plates slide past and what happens? (Geography) | passive boundaries; can make earthquakes |
| what is the crust? (Geography) | the outer layer of the earth |
| what is the mantle? (Geography) | the layer of earth just below the crust; made of completely molten rock (magma) |
| what is the outer core? (Geography) | the layer of earth just below the mantle and surrounding the core; made of completely molten rock (magma) |
| what is the inner core? (Geography) | the centermost point of the earth; made of completely molten rock (magma) |
| what are volcanoes? (Geography) | an opening in Earth's crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt |
| what are the three types of volcanoes? (Geography) | active, dormant, and extinct |
| what is an active volcano? (Geography) | a volcano that could explode in the near future |
| what is a dormant volcano? (Geography) | a volcano that could explode again but certainly not in the near future |
| what is an extinct volcano? (Geography) | a volcano that will never erupt again |
| what are the parts of a volcano? (Geography) | ash cloud, crater, cone, vent and magma chamber |
| what is an ash cloud? (Geography) | the cloud of ash that comes out of a volcano during an eruption |
| what is a crater? (Geography) | the dip at the top of the volcano |
| what is a cone? (Geography) | the cone shape of the volcano |
| what is a vent? (Geography) | the tunnels through which lava comes out of |
| what is a magma chamber? (Geography) | where the magma is stored before an eruption |
| what are earthquakes? (Geography) | shaking in the earth's crust |
| what are the parts of an earthquake? (Geography) | epicentre, fault line, seismic waves and the focus |
| what is the epicentre? (Geography) | the spot directly above the centre (focus) of the earthuake |
| what are seismic waves? (Geography) | the shockwaves coming out of the focus |
| what is the focus? (Geography) | the very centre of an earthquake |
| what is a fault line? (Geography) | the boundaries between two tectonic plates during an earthquake |
| what is the rock cycle? (Geography) | The rock cycle describes how rocks change over time: igneous rocks form from cooling magma, sedimentary rocks from compacted layers, and metamorphic rocks from heat and pressure. Rocks can transform between these types continuously. |
| what is weathering and erosion? (Geography) | when rocks get worn away by weather |
| what is transportation and deposition? (Geography) | the step in the rock cycle in which rocks get carried away down the mountain and then left in lakes |
| what is sedimentation? (Geography) | when rocks and small organisms get squishied into sedimentary rocks |
| what is compaction and cementation? (Geography) | when rocks get squishied even further into a cement - like rock |
| what is sedimentary rock? (Geography) | rock made of small dead fishies and other small rocks |
| how are sedimentary rocks made? (Geography) | from being compacted |
| what is metamorphic rock? (Geography) | rock made of sedimentary rocks that have been put under great heat and pressure for millions of years |
| how are metamorphic rocks made? (Geography) | sedimentary rocks that have been put under great heat and pressure for millions of years |
| what are intrusive igneous rocks? (Geography) | igneous rocks that stay underground |
| what is extrusive igneous rock? (Geography) | igneous rocks that leave the crust |
| what are the uses of rocks? (Geography) | energy and building |
| what are the impacts of using rocks? (Geography) | employment, economic benefits and raw materials but also pollution, eyesores and traffic |
| what are the negatives of using rocks? (Geography) | pollution, eyesores and traffic |
| what are the positives of using rocks? (Geography) | employment, economic benefits and raw materials |
| what are examples of metamorphic rocks? (Geography) | marble and quartz |
| what are examples of igneous rocks? (Geography) | granite and basalt (remember the giant's causeway in Co. Antrim) |
| what are examples of sedimentary rocks? (Geography) | limestone (remember the burren in Co. Clare) and sandstone |
| what are economic activities? (Geography) | An economic activity takes place when resources such as capital goods, labour, manufacturing techniques or intermediary products are combined to produce specific goods or services. |
| what are the three economic activities? (Geography) | primary, secondary and tertiary |
| what are primary economic activities? (Geography) | The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining |
| what are secondary economic activities? (Geography) | refining raw materials into goods that we can use |
| what are tertiary economic activities? (Geography) | services provided by people |
| what are the types of primary natural resources? (Geography) | non - renewable and renewable |
| how does overfishing happen? (Geography) | mesh sizes on nets being too small, the season of the year and quotas for fishermen being too big lead to too many fish being caught |
| how can we stop overfishing? (Geography) | making mesh sizes on nets bigger, making smaller quotas for fishermen and being a member of the EEC |
| how can we make fishing sustainable for Ireland? (Geography) | by not fishing in the Irish Conservation box and by being a member of the EEC (EU) |
| what is the water cycle? (Geography) | The water cycle involves evaporation (water rises), condensation (forms clouds), precipitation (rain or snow), and collection (water returns to bodies like rivers and oceans), repeating continuously to distribute water across the Earth. |
| what is irrigation? (Geography) | the artificial watering of land |
| what is the water supply? (Geography) | Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities, commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and canals |
| what is the forest cycle? (Geography) | Well-managed forests last forever and rely on the forest cycle - forestry, deforestry, and reforestation |
| what is farming? (Geography) | making primary resources over and over again for us to use |
| what are the types of farming? (Geography) | dairy, arable, horticulture, pastoral, livestock and mixed |
| what is the system of farming? (Geography) | inputs, processes and outputs |
| what are inputs? (Geography) | things put on a farm |
| what are outputs? (Geography) | things taken from a farm |
| what are processes? (Geography) | things done on a farm |
| what is sustainability? (Geography) | being able to replenish something |
| how can farming be made sustainable? (Geography) | by always making sure that we can make more |
| what are energy resources? (Geography) | things we can use to make energy |
| what are the types of energy? (Geography) | non - renewable and renewable |
| what are some non - renewable energy resources? (Geography) | oil, gas, coal and peat |
| what is the environmental impact of using non - renewable energy? (Geography) | acid rain, global warming and smog |
| what is acid rain? (Geography) | acidic rainfall |
| what is global warming? (Geography) | the heating up of the earth due to pollution |
| what is smog? (Geography) | smoke and fog mixed together |
| what are renewable energy resources? (Geography) | energy resources that we can always make more of |
| what are some renewable energy resources? (Geography) | HEP, wind, solar, geothermal and biomass |
| what is hydroelectric power (HEP)? (Geography) | energy produced by the flowing of water |
| what is wind energy? (Geography) | energy produced by the moving of wind |
| what is solar energy? (Geography) | energy made by the heat of the sun |
| what is geothermal energy? (Geography) | energy made by volcanic activity |
| what is biomass energy? (Geography) | Biomass is renewable organic material that comes from plants and animals. |
| what are the impacts of wind energy in Ireland? (Geography) | it's clean, cuts costs and makes employment, but it's unreliable, expensive and makes visual pollution |
| what are the positives of wind energy? (Geography) | it's clean, cuts costs and makes employment |
| what are the negatives of wind energy? (Geography) | it's unreliable, expensive and makes visual pollution |
| what is an example of HEP in Ireland? (Geography) | inishcarra dam |
| what are the impacts of HEP? (Geography) | prevents flooding, cheap, clean, makes a water supply and can be a leisure facility but it reduces fish stocks, new roads and bridges must be made, farmland will be lost and people will have to be relocated |
| what are the positives of HEP? (Geography) | prevents flooding, cheap, clean, makes a water supply and can be a leisure facility |
| what are the negatives of HEP? (Geography) | reduces fish stocks, new roads and bridges must be made, farmland will be lost and people will have to be relocated |
| what is geography? (Geography) | Geography is the study of the Earth’s physical features, climates, and the distribution of life, including human activity and its impact on the environment. |
| how can you use the skills you learn in geography class in everyday life? (Geography) | The skills learned in geography help with navigation, understanding spatial relationships, interpreting maps, analyzing data, and making informed decisions about the environment and resources. |
| what skills can help you to interpret OS maps? (Geography) | Skills such as understanding grid references, using the map’s legend, recognizing symbols, reading scale, and identifying contour lines are essential for interpreting OS maps. |
| how do you understand data and show it on graphs? (Geography) | You can understand data by analyzing trends, comparing variables, and presenting it visually through bar charts, line graphs, pie charts, or histograms to simplify interpretation. |
| what are some common units of measurement? (Geography) | Common units of measurement in geography include meters, kilometers, miles, feet, and degrees for distance, elevation, and temperature. |
| what is the scale and national grid used for OS maps? (Geography) | The scale shows the ratio of a map’s distance to the real-world distance, while the national grid helps locate specific points on a map using coordinates. |
| how do you locate places on an OS map using grid references? (Geography) | You locate places by using the grid reference system, which combines eastings (horizontal lines) and northings (vertical lines) to pinpoint exact locations. |
| how do you read the legend of an OS map? (Geography) | The legend explains the symbols and colors used on the map to represent different features such as roads, buildings, rivers, and elevation. |
| how is height identified on an OS map? (Geography) | Height is typically shown through contour lines or spot heights, which indicate the elevation at specific points on the map. |
| how do you give directions on an OS map? (Geography) | Directions on an OS map are given using compass bearings or by describing routes with grid references or landmarks. |
| how do you draw a sketch map from an OS map? (Geography) | To draw a sketch map, you simplify the main features from the OS map, focusing on key landmarks, roads, and geographical features in a clear, rough outline. |
| what is a cartographer? (Geography) | A cartographer is a person who creates maps, designs their layout, and ensures their accuracy in representing geographic features. |
| what is scale? (Geography) | Scale refers to the relationship between a map’s measurements and the actual measurements on the ground, often represented as a ratio or fraction. |
| what is ratio? (Geography) | A ratio in geography is used to describe the relationship between the distance on a map and the corresponding distance in the real world. |
| what is a national grid? (Geography) | The national grid is a system of horizontal and vertical lines used to reference exact locations on a map, primarily used in the UK OS maps. |
| what is a subzone? (Geography) | A subzone is a smaller, defined area within a larger zone, often used for more precise mapping or geographical classification. |
| what is an easting? (Geography) | An easting is a grid reference that measures distance eastward from the origin (usually in the lower-left corner) on a map, expressed in numbers. |
| what is a northing? (Geography) | A northing is a grid reference that measures distance northward from the origin (usually in the lower-left corner) on a map, expressed in numbers. |
| what is a grid reference? (Geography) | A grid reference is a code made up of eastings and northings that allows you to pinpoint a specific location on a map. |
| what is a legend? (Geography) | A legend is a key that explains the symbols, colors, and markings on a map, helping to identify what different features represent. |
| what is a contour? (Geography) | A contour is a line on a map that connects points of equal height, representing elevation changes on the terrain. |
| what is a triangulation pillar? (Geography) | A triangulation pillar is a fixed point on the ground used in surveying to measure accurate positions and elevations for mapping purposes. |
| what is a spot height? (Geography) | A spot height is a specific point on a map that shows the exact elevation at that location, usually marked with a number. |
| what is a summit? (Geography) | A summit is the highest point of a hill or mountain, often marked on maps with spot heights or contour lines. |
| what are cardinal points? (Geography) | Cardinal points are the four main directions: North, East, South, and West, used in navigation and geography. |
| what is a compass? (Geography) | A compass is a tool used to determine direction, showing the cardinal points and helping to orient maps or navigate in the field. |
| explain what resources are. (Business) | Resources are assets or inputs used to produce goods and services. They can include raw materials, labor, capital, and information. |
| identify the main resources available to you. (Business) | The main resources available can include time, money, skills, knowledge, and physical materials. |
| understand and illustrate the difference between needs and wants. (Business) | Needs are essentials required for survival, such as food, water, and shelter. Wants are non-essential desires that enhance life, such as luxury goods or entertainment. |
| how do you match your resources to your needs and wants? (Business) | Allocate your resources, like time and money, based on your priorities, ensuring basic needs are met first, followed by wants when possible. |
| illustrate how your needs and wants are likely to change over time. (Business) | As you grow older, your needs may evolve (e.g., healthcare becomes more of a priority), and wants may shift (e.g., desire for family-related products instead of personal items). |
| understand the difference between financial cost and opportunity cost. (Business) | Financial cost refers to the actual expenditure incurred, while opportunity cost represents the value of the next best alternative foregone when making a choice. |
| appreciate the impact of your resources on the lives of other people. (Business) | Resources, when used or distributed, can affect others, such as job creation, environmental impact, or contributing to the economy. |
| state the main sources of household income. (Business) | Common sources of household income include salaries/wages, pensions, rental income, business profits, and benefits. |
| distinguish between regular and irregular sources of income. (Business) | Regular income is stable and predictable, such as a monthly salary, while irregular income fluctuates, such as freelance work or one-time bonuses. |
| explain 'benefit in kind' income. (Business) | Benefit in kind refers to non-cash compensation provided to an employee, such as a company car or free housing. |
| explain why tax must be paid on income. (Business) | Taxes are levied by governments to fund public services and infrastructure, such as education, healthcare, and national defense. |
| how do you interpret a payslip? (Business) | A payslip shows details like gross income, deductions (tax, pension, insurance), and net income (amount paid to the employee). |
| how do you calculate gross and net income? (Business) | Gross income is the total earnings before any deductions. Net income is the amount left after deductions (tax, insurance, etc.). |
| differentiate between statutory and voluntary deductions from income. (Business) | Statutory deductions are required by law (e.g., income tax, social insurance), while voluntary deductions are optional (e.g., union dues, pension contributions). |
| what is discretionary income? (Business) | Discretionary income is the amount of income left after all essential expenses (such as rent and food) are covered, used for non-essential spending or savings. |
| how do you prepare and evaluate a household income plan? (Business) | A household income plan involves tracking all income sources and estimating monthly expenses to determine if spending is in line with income and savings goals. |
| explain the difference between fixed, irregular and discretionary spending. (Business) | Fixed spending is regular and predictable (e.g., rent), irregular spending varies (e.g., medical bills), and discretionary spending is non-essential (e.g., entertainment). |
| appreciate the need to prioritise expenditure. (Business) | Prioritizing expenditure ensures that essential needs (housing, food, utilities) are met first, followed by savings and non-essential spending. |
| explain the difference between current and capital expenditure. (Business) | Current expenditure is for day-to-day expenses (e.g., groceries, utilities), while capital expenditure involves long-term investments (e.g., purchasing a house or equipment). |
| define the terms 'impulse buying' and 'false economy'. (Business) | Impulse buying is unplanned purchases driven by emotion, while false economy refers to spending money on something perceived as cheap but resulting in greater costs later. |
| how do you prepare a household budget plan? (Business) | A budget plan involves estimating income, categorizing expenses (fixed, variable), and setting limits for each category to manage money efficiently. |
| explain what a budget is and the benefits of preparing household budgets. (Business) | A budget is a plan that outlines expected income and expenses. Benefits include controlling spending, avoiding debt, and saving for goals. |
| how do you prepare a household budget? (Business) | List all sources of income, track monthly expenses, prioritize essentials, and set realistic spending limits for non-essential items. |
| differentiate between net cash, opening cash and closing cash. (Business) | Net cash is the cash remaining after income and expenses. Opening cash is the amount available at the start of the period. Closing cash is what remains at the end of the period. |
| identify a balanced budget, a budget deficit and a budget surplus. (Business) | A balanced budget means income equals expenses. A budget deficit occurs when expenses exceed income, and a surplus occurs when income exceeds expenses. |
| explain the financial consequences of budget deficits and budget surpluses. (Business) | A deficit can lead to borrowing or debt accumulation, while a surplus may allow for saving or investment. |
| outline the measure to deal with a budget deficit or surplus. (Business) | To deal with a deficit, you can reduce spending, increase income, or borrow. To deal with a surplus, you can save, invest, or reduce debt. |
| how can you use tables and graphs to illustrate key elements and trends in a household budget? (Business) | Tables and graphs can display income, expenses, and savings visually, helping to track financial performance and identify trends. |
| explain why households and businesses keep financial records. (Business) | Financial records help monitor cash flow, ensure compliance with tax laws, and provide data for decision-making and financial planning. |
| outline and demonstrate the rules that apply to cash book entries. (Business) | Cash book entries should include accurate dates, clear descriptions, and correct amounts for both receipts and payments. |
| how do you complete an analysed cash book? (Business) | Analyzed cash books record receipts and payments and categorize them (e.g., income, expenses, bank, petty cash). |
| how do you balance and total an analysed cash book? (Business) | To balance, subtract total payments from receipts. Totals must match for the books to be balanced. |
| explain the difference between opening and closing balances in an analysed cash book. (Business) | The opening balance is the amount carried over from the previous period, while the closing balance is what remains after all receipts and payments have been recorded. |
| how do you account for opening and closing bank overdrafts in an analysed cash book? (Business) | Overdrafts are recorded as liabilities and subtracted from the cash balance to reflect the amount owed to the bank. |
| how do you interpret and evaluate an analysed cash book? (Business) | Analyzed cash books can show cash flow trends, highlight discrepancies, and help with budgeting by summarizing income and expenditure. |
| describe the services offered by Ireland's major financial institutions. (Business) | Irish financial institutions offer services like savings and current accounts, loans, mortgages, insurance, and investment products. |
| distinguish between a current and deposit account. (Business) | A current account is used for day-to-day transactions, while a deposit account is for saving money with interest accumulation. |
| explain the various methods of making payments from a current account. (Business) | Payments can be made via cheques, electronic transfers, debit cards, or online banking. |
| how do you analyse a current account statement? (Business) | Look at the balance, deposits, withdrawals, fees, and interest to assess your account's activity and financial status. |
| how do you use a bank statement to prepare an analysed cash book? (Business) | Record all deposits and withdrawals from the bank statement into the analyzed cash book, categorizing each entry accurately. |
| outline the benefits of internet and telephone banking. (Business) | Benefits include convenience, 24/7 access, quick transfers, bill payments, and managing accounts remotely. |
| recognise the security issues of internet and telephone banking. (Business) | Security risks include hacking, identity theft, and fraud, which can be mitigated by using strong passwords and secure networks. |
| compare the use of debit, credit and charge cards. (Business) | Debit cards use funds from your bank account, credit cards allow borrowing within a credit limit, and charge cards require full repayment each month. |
| list the protections available to consumers of financial services. (Business) | Protections include consumer rights, fraud protection, dispute resolution services, and compensation schemes. |
| outline the main reasons for saving money. (Business) | Saving money helps provide for emergencies, future expenses, retirement, and achieving financial goals. |
| how do you consider where to save money? (Business) | Consider factors like interest rates, account fees, accessibility, and the purpose of savings when choosing where to save. |
| list the major savings products offered by financial institutions in Ireland. (Business) | Savings products include savings accounts, fixed deposits, ISAs, and bonds. |
| how do you appreciate the tax implications of saving? (Business) | Some savings are tax-free (e.g., ISAs), while others may be subject to tax, affecting the overall return on investment. |
| differentiate between saving and investing. (Business) | Saving involves putting money aside for future use with low risk, while investing involves using money to generate returns, often with higher risk. |
| explain the role of borrowing in both personal and household finance. (Business) | Borrowing allows individuals to make large purchases or invest in future needs, but it comes with repayment obligations and interest costs. |
| outline the reasons for borrowing. (Business) | Reasons include financing education, purchasing a home, covering emergencies, or expanding a business. |
| compare the major sources of finance for individuals and households. (Business) | Sources include personal savings, bank loans, credit cards, family support, and government benefits. |
| outline the different types of loan available for individuals and households. (Business) | Loans types include personal loans, mortgages, car loans, student loans, and payday loans. |
| explain the factors a lender will consider before agreeing to give out a loan. (Business) | Lenders consider credit history, income, employment stability, existing debts, and collateral when assessing loan applications. |
| examine the costs and consequences of borrowing. (Business) | Costs include interest, fees, and penalties for missed payments, which can affect credit scores and financial stability. |
| outline the rights and responsibilities of borrowers. (Business) | Borrowers have the right to fair terms, clear information, and protection from unfair practices, and they must repay loans as agreed. |
| what is an annual percentage rate (APR)? (Business) | APR is the annual cost of a loan, including interest and fees, expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. |
| what is an asset? (Business) | An asset is anything of value owned by an individual or business, such as property, cash, or equipment. |
| what is a bank overdraft? (Business) | A bank overdraft allows you to withdraw more money than is available in your account, up to a pre-agreed limit. |
| what is borrowing? (Business) | Borrowing involves obtaining money from a lender with the agreement to repay it with interest over time. |
| what is collateral? (Business) | Collateral is an asset pledged to secure a loan, which can be seized by the lender if the borrower defaults. |
| what is a cooling-off period? (Business) | A cooling-off period is a legally required time during which a consumer can cancel a contract without penalty. |
| what is a cost of credit? (Business) | The cost of credit refers to the total amount paid for borrowing, including interest, fees, and other charges. |
| what is a credit card? (Business) | A credit card allows you to borrow money to make purchases, with the amount borrowed to be repaid with interest if not paid in full each month. |
| what is a credit rating? (Business) | A credit rating is a score that reflects your creditworthiness based on past borrowing and repayment behavior. |
| what is creditworthiness? (Business) | Creditworthiness is the ability and reliability of a borrower to repay a loan based on their credit history and financial situation. |
| what is a guarantor? (Business) | A guarantor is a person who agrees to repay a loan if the borrower fails to do so. |
| what is a hire purchase? (Business) | Hire purchase is a method of buying goods through installment payments, with ownership transferring after all payments are made. |
| what is the Insolvency Service of Ireland? (Business) | The Insolvency Service of Ireland provides services for individuals experiencing debt difficulties, including debt relief options. |
| what is insolvment? (Business) | Insolvency occurs when an individual or business cannot pay their debts as they become due. |
| what is instalment? (Business) | An installment is a portion of a loan or payment that is paid over a period of time. |
| what is interest? (Business) | Interest is the cost of borrowing money, usually expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. |
| what is leasing? (Business) | Leasing is a method of acquiring assets by renting them for a period, often with the option to buy at the end of the term. |
| what is the matching principle? (Business) | The matching principle in accounting dictates that expenses should be matched with the revenues they help to generate within the same period. |
| what is the Money Advice and Budgeting Service (MABS)? (Business) | MABS is a free, confidential service in Ireland offering debt and budget advice to individuals and families. |
| what is a moneylender? (Business) | A moneylender is a person or institution that lends money, typically at higher interest rates than traditional banks. |
| what is a mortgage? (Business) | A mortgage is a loan used to buy property, secured by the property itself as collateral. |
| what is responsible borrowing? (Business) | Responsible borrowing means taking on debt that can be comfortably repaid, ensuring the borrower’s financial stability. |
| what is security? (Business) | Security refers to collateral or a guarantee provided to back a loan or financial obligation. |
| how can we know the atomic number of an atom? (Science) | The atomic number (Z) is equal to the number of protons in an atom. It is typically found on the periodic table and uniquely identifies the element. |
| how we can we know the proton number of an atom? (Science) | The proton number is the same as the atomic number (Z). It is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus, and can be found on the periodic table. |
| how we can we know the electron number of an atom? (Science) | In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons (atomic number). If the atom is ionized, the number of electrons changes. |
| how we can we know the neutron number of an atom? (Science) | To find the neutron number, subtract the atomic number (Z) from the atomic mass number (A). Neutron number = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number. |
| how can we know the atomic mass of an atom? (Science) | The atomic mass (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It can be found in the periodic table, typically as a decimal average. |
| how can we know the electron configuration of an atom? (Science) | number of electrons = atomic number. |
| what chemicals is acid rain made of? (Goegraphy) | sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) |
| arabic (German) | Arabisch |
| chinese (German) | Chinesisch |
| german (German) | Deutsch |
| english (German) | Englisch |
| french (German) | Französisch |
| irish (German) | Irisch / Gälisch |
| italian (German) | Italienisch |
| japanese (German) | Japanisch |
| dutch (German) | Niederländisch |
| polish (German) | Polnisch |
| portuguese (German) | Portugiesisch |
| russian (German) | Russisch |
| spanish (German) | Spanisch |
| turkish (German) | Türkisch |
| belgium (German) | Belgien |
| denmark (German) | Dänemark |
| germany (German) | Deutschland |
| england (German) | England |
| estonia (German) | Estland |
| france (German) | Frankreich |
| ireland (German) | Irland |
| italy (German) | Italien |
| latvia (German) | Lettland |
| lithuania (German) | Litauen |
| luxemburg (German) | Luxemburg |
| norway (German) | Norwegen |
| austria (German) | Österreich |
| poland (German) | Polen |
| scotland (German) | Schottland |
| sweden (German) | Schweden |
| switzerland (German) | die Schweiz |
| spain (German) | Spanien |
| czech republic (German) | Tschechien |
| hungary (German) | Ungarn |
| wales (German) | Wales |
| describe the volcanic activity in Iceland. (Geography) | Icelandic residents, scientists, tourists. Volcanic eruptions and geothermal activity. Iceland, along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Ongoing, major eruption in 2010. Tectonic plate activity. Magma rises from tectonic movements. |
| describe the natural disaster of Mount St Helens. (Geography) | Who: 57 killed, many affected. What: 1980 eruption with landslides and explosions. Where: Washington State, USA. When: May 18, 1980. Why: Subduction of tectonic plates. How: Sudden eruption, volcanic collapse. |
| describe the earthquake in Japan. (Geography) | Who: Over 15,000 killed, thousands injured. What: 9.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami. Where: Tōhoku, Japan. When: March 11, 2011. Why: Subduction zone earthquake. How: Sudden shaking, followed by tsunami. |
| describe the McMonagle Stone Quarry. (Geography) | Who: Local workers extracting stone. What: Stone extraction for commercial use. Where: County Donegal, Ireland. When: Ongoing. Why: Economic demand for building materials. How: Quarrying stones, transportation. |
| describe the Boldien Tara Mine. (Geography) | Who: Boliden What: Lead and zinc mining. Where: County Meath, Ireland. When: Active since 1977. Why: Extract metal resources. How: Blasting, drilling, refining ore. |
| describe the Central Valley Project in California. (Geography) | Who: Thousands of farmers, workers. What: Water diversion for agriculture. Where: Central Valley, California. When: Started in 1933, ongoing. Why: Address water scarcity. How: Dams, canals, water distribution. |
| describe the Corrib Gas Field. (Geography) | Who: Hundreds of workers. What: Offshore natural gas extraction. Where: Atlantic Ocean, off Ireland’s coast. When: Production started in 2015. Why: Energy demand. How: Drilling, pipeline construction. |
| describe Inishcarra Dam. (Geography) | Who: ESB workers and local authorities. What: Hydro-electric dam and reservoir. Where: County Cork, Ireland. When: Completed in 1957. Why: Electricity generation. How: Water storage and power generation. |
| how should you write in your exams? (Every subject) | write as much as possible. use evidence from the text and always rephrase the question into your answers. write in block writing and make sure to use evidence and quotes from the text and characters within the test to prove your answers; make them happy |
| how should you write in your exams? (Every subject) | write as much as possible. use evidence from the text and always rephrase the question into your answers. write in block writing and make sure to use evidence and quotes from the text and characters within the test to prove your answers; make them happy |
| how should you write in your exams? (Every subject) | write as much as possible. use evidence from the text and always rephrase the question into your answers. write in block writing and make sure to use evidence and quotes from the text and characters within the test to prove your answers; make them happy |
| how should you write in your exams? (Every subject) | write as much as possible. use evidence from the text and always rephrase the question into your answers. write in block writing and make sure to use evidence and quotes from the text and characters within the test to prove your answers; make them happy |
| how should you write in your exams? (Every subject) | write as much as possible. use evidence from the text and always rephrase the question into your answers. write in block writing and make sure to use evidence and quotes from the text and characters within the test to prove your answers; make them happy |
| what is denudation? (Geography) | Denudation refers to the gradual wearing away of the Earth's surface through processes such as weathering, erosion, and transportation of material. |
| what is weathering? (Geography) | Weathering is the breakdown or decay of rocks into smaller particles due to physical, chemical, or biological processes without the rock being moved. |
| what does mechanical mean? (Geography) | In geography, mechanical refers to physical processes that break rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, such as freezing. |
| what does chemical mean? (Geography) | In geography, chemical refers to processes that involve the chemical breakdown or alteration of minerals or rocks, often through reactions with water or air. |
| what is erosion? (Geography) | Erosion is the process by which rocks, soil, and other materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind, water, or ice. |
| what is freeze - thaw action? (Geography) | Freeze-thaw action is a type of weathering where water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, expands, and then thaws, gradually breaking the rock apart. |
| what does fluctuating mean? (Geography) | In geography, fluctuating refers to changes or variations in conditions, often related to temperature, water levels, or other environmental factors. |
| what is scree? (Geography) | Scree is a mass of loose, fragmented rock debris that accumulates at the base of a cliff or steep slope, typically formed through weathering and erosion. |
| what is carbonation? (Geography) | Carbonation is a chemical weathering process in which carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with minerals in rocks, especially limestone, to form carbonates. |
| what is carbonic acid? (Geography) | Carbonic acid is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water, and it plays a key role in the weathering of rocks like limestone. |
| what is calcium carbonate? (Geography) | Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound found in rocks like limestone and marble, which reacts with carbonic acid during the carbonation process. |
| in a (masculine) (German) | in einem |
| in a (feminine) (German) | in einer |
| a farmhouse (German) | ein Bauernhaus |
| a bungalow (German) | ein Bungalow |
| a detached house (German) | ein Einfamilienhaus |
| a high - rise building (German) | ein Hochhaus |
| a terraced house (German) | ein Reihenhaus |
| an apartment block (German) | ein Wohnblock |
| a semi - detached house (German) | ein Doppelhaushälfte |
| an apartment (German) | eine Wohnung |
| work room (German) | ein Arbeitzimmer |
| a bathroom (German) | ein Badezimmer |
| an office (German) | ein Büro |
| a dining room (German) | ein Esszimmer |
| a TV room (German) | ein Fernsehzimmer |
| a guest room (German) | ein Gästezimmer |
| a children's room (German) | ein Kinderzimmer |
| a bedroom (German) | ein Schlafzimmer |
| a playroom (German) | ein Spielzimmer |
| a living room (German) | ein Wohnzimmer |
| a kitchen (German) | eine Küche |
| a terrace (German) | eine Terrasse |
| a toilet (German) | eine Toilette |
| a utility (German) | eine Waschküche |
| a workshop (German) | eine Werkstatt |
| a balcony (German) | einen Balkon |
| an attic (German) | einen Dachboden |
| a hallway (German) | einen Flur |
| a garden (German) | einen Garten |
| a basement (German) | einen Keller |
| a shed (German) | einen Scheune |
| a conservatory (German) | einen Wintergarten |
| what verbs are syncopated? (Irish) | verbs ending in il, ir, in, or is |
| what are the 11 irregular verbs? (Irish) | abair, beir, bí, clois, déan, ith, faigh, feic, tabhair, tar, téigh. |
| say (Irish) | abair |
| grab (Irish) | beir |
| be (Irish) | bí |
| hear (Irish) | clois |
| make / do (Irish) | déan |
| get (Irish) | faigh |
| see (Irish) | feic |
| eat (Irish) | ith |
| give (Irish) | tabhair |
| come (Irish) | tar |
| go (Irish) | téigh |
| how do you do to go in the present tense? (Irish) | Téim Téann tú Téann sé Téann sí Téimid Téann sibh Téann siad Ní théim An dtéann tú? |
| how do you do to say in the present tense? (Irish) | Deirim Deir(eann) tú Deir(eann) sé Deir(eann) sí Deirimid Deir(eann) sibh Deir(eann) siad Ní deirim An ndeir(eann) tú? |
| how do you do to be in the present tense? (Irish) | Táim / Bím Tá tú / Bíonn tú Tá sé / Bíonn sé Tá sí / Bíonn sí Táimid / Bímid Tá sibh /Bíonn sibh Tá siad /Bíonn siad Níl mé An bhfuil tú? |
| how do you do to come in the present tense? (Irish) | Tagaim Tagann tú Tagann sé Tagann sí Tagaimid Tagann sibh Tagann siad Ní thagaim An dtagann tú? |
| how do you do to give in the present tense? (Irish) | Tugaim Tugann tú Tugann sé Tugann sí Tugaimid Tugann sibh Tugann siad Ní thugaim Ar thugann tú? |
| how do you do to eat in the present tense? (Irish) | Ithim Itheann tú Itheann sé Itheann sí Ithimid Itheann sibh Itheann siad Ní ithim An itheann tú? |
| how do you do to see in the present tense? (Irish) | Feicim Feiceann tu Feiceann sé Feiceann sí Feicimid Feiceann sibh Feiceann siad Ní fheicim An bhfeiceann tú? |
| how do you do to do in the present tense? (Irish) | Déanaim Déanann tú Déanann sé Déanann sí Déanaimid Déanann sibh Déanann siad Ní dhéanaim An ndéanann tú? |
| how do you do to hear in the present tense? (Irish) | Cloisim Cloiseann tú Cloiseann sé Cloiseann sí Cloiseamar Cloiseann sibh Cloiseann siad Ní chloisim An gcloiseann |
| how do you do to grab in the present tense? (Irish) | Beirim Beireann tú Beireann sé Beireann sí Beirimid Beireann sibh Beireann siad Ní bheireann An mbeireann |
| how do you do to grab in the past tense? (Irish) | Rug mé Rug tú Rug sé Rug sí Rugamar Rug sibh Rug siad Níor rug mé Ae rug tú? |
| how do you do to hear in the past tense? (Irish) | Chuala mé Chuala tú Chuala sé Chuala sí Chualamar Chuala sibh Chuala siad Níor chuala mé Ar chuala tú? |
| how do you do to do in the past tense? (Irish) | Rinne mé Rinne tú Rinne sé Rinne sí Rinneamar Rinne sibh Rinne siad Ní dhearna mé An ndearna tú? |
| how do you do to go in the past tense? (Irish) | Chuaigh mé Chuaigh tú Chuaigh sé Chuaigh sí Chuamar Chuaigh sibh Chuaigh siad Ní dheachaigh mé An ndeachaigh tú |
| how do you do to be in the past tense? (Irish) | Bhí mé Bhí tú Bhí sé Bhí sí Bhíomar Bhí sibh Bhí siad Ní raibh mé An raibh tú? |
| how do you do to come in the past tense? (Irish) | Tháinig mé Tháinig tú Tháinig sé Tháinig sí Thángamar Tháinig sibh Tháinig siad Níor tháinig mé Ar tháinig tú? |
| how do you do to eat in the past tense? (Irish) | D'ith mé D'ith tú D'ith sé D'ith sí D'itheamar D'ith sibh D'ith siad Níor ith mé Ar ith tú? |
| how do you do to see in the past tense? (Irish) | Chonaic mé Chonaic tú Chonaic sé Chonaic sí Chonaiceamar Chonaic sibh Chonaic siad Ní fhaca mé An bhfaca tú? |
| how do you do to give in the past tense? (Irish) | Thug mé Thug tú Thug sé Thug sí Thugamar Thug sibh Thug siad Níor thug mé Ar thug tú? |
| how do you do to say in the past tense? (Irish) | Dúirt mé Dúirt tú Dúirt sé Dúirt sí Dúramar Dúirt sibh Dúirt siad Ní dúirt mé An ndúirt tú? |
| how do you do to get in the past tense? (Irish) | Fuair mé Fuair tú Fuair sé Fuair sí Fuaireamar Fuair sibh Fuair siad Ní bhfuair mé An bhfuair tú? |
| how do you do to get in the future tense? (Irish) | Gheobhaidh mé Gheobhaidh tú Gheobhaidh sé Gheobhaidh sí Gheobhaimid Gheobhaidh sibh Gheobhaidh siad Ní bhfaighidh mé An bhfaighidh tú |
| how do you do to be in the future tense? (Irish) | Beidh mé Beidh tú Beidh sé Beidh sí Beimid Beidh sibh Beidh siad Ní bheidh mé An mbeadh tú? |
| how do you do to say in the future tense? (Irish) | Déarfaidh mé Déarfaidh tú Déarfaidh sé Déarfaidh sí Déarfaimid Déarfaidh sibh Déarfaidh siad Ní déarfaidh mé An ndéarfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to come in the future tense? (Irish) | Tiocfaidh mé Tiocfaidh tú Tiocfaidh sé Tiocfaidh sí Tiocfaimid Tiocfaidh sibh Tiocfaidh siad Ní thiocfaidh mé An dtiocfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to go in the future tense? (Irish) | Rachaidh mé Rachaidh tú Rachaidh sé Rachaidh sí Rachaimid Rachaidh sibh Rachaidh siad Ní rachaidh mé An rachaidh tu? |
| how do you do to grab in the future tense? (Irish) | Béarfaidh mé Béarfaidh tú Béarfaidh sé Béarfaidh sí Béarfaimid Béarfaidh sibh Béarfaidh siad Ní bhéarfaidh mé An mbéarfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to eat in the future tense? (Irish) | Íosfaidh mé Íosfaidh tú Íosfaidh sé Íosfaidh sí Íosfaimid Íosfaidh sibh Íosfaidh siad Ní íosfaidh mé An íosfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to see in the future tense? (Irish) | Feicfidh mé Feicfidh tú Feicfidh sé Feicfidh sí Feicfimid Feicfidh sibh Feicfidh siad Ní fheicfidh mé An bhfeicfidh tú? |
| how do you do to hear in the future tense? (Irish) | Cloisfidh mé Cloisfidh tú Cloisfidh sé Cloisfidh sí Cloisfimid Cloisfidh sibh Cloisfidh siad Ní chloisfidh mé An gcloisfidh tú |
| how do you do to do in the future tense? (Irish) | Déanfaidh mé Déanfaidh tú Déanfaidh sé Déanfaidh sí Déanfaimid Déanfaidh sibh Déanfaidh siad Ní dhéanfaidh mé An ndéanfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to give in the future tense? (Irish) | Tabharfaidh mé Tabharfaidh tú Tabharfaidh sé Tabharfaidh sí Tabharfaimid Tabharfaidh sibh Tabharfaidh siad Ní thabharfaidh mé An dtabharfaidh tú? |
| how do you do to give in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Thabharfainn Thabharfá Thabharfadh sé Thabharfadh sí Thabharfaimis Thabharfadh sibh Thabharfaidís Ní thabharfainn An dtabharfá tú? |
| how do you do to get in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Gheobhainn Gheofá Gheobhadh sé Gheobhadh sí Gheobhaimis Gheobhadh sibh Gheobhaidís Ní bhfaighfinn An bhfaighfeá |
| how do you do to be in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Bheinn Bheifeá Bheadh Bheadh Bheimis Bheadh Bheidís Ní bheinn An mbeadh? |
| how do you do to go in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Rachainn Rachfá Rachadh sé Rachadh si Rachaimis Rachadh sibh Rachaidís Ní rachainn An rachfá? |
| how do you do to come in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Thiocfainn Thiocfá Thiocfadh sé Thiocfadh sí Thiocfaimis Thiocfadh sibh Thiocfaimís Ní thiocfainn An dtiocfá? |
| how do you do to eat in the conditional tense? (Irish) | D'íosfainn D'íosfá D'íosfadh sé D'íosfadh sí D'íosfamis D'íosfadh sibh D'íosfaidís Ní íosfainn An íosfá |
| how do you do to see in the conditional tense? (Irish) | D'fheicfinn D'fheicfeá D'fheicfeadh sé D'fheicfeadh sí D'fheicfimis D'fheicfeadh sibh D'fheicfidís Ní fheicifinn An bhfeicfeá? |
| how do you do to hear in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Chloisfinn Chloisfeá Chloisfeadh sé Chloisfeadh sí Chloisfimis Chloisfeadh sibh Chloisfidís Ní chloisfinn An gcloisfeá? |
| how do you do to grab in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Bhéarfainn Bhéarfá Bhéarfadh sé Bhéarfadh sí Bhéarfaimis Bhéarfadh sibh Bhéarfaidís Ní bhéarfainn An mbéarfá? |
| how do you do to do in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Dhéanfainn Dhéanfá Dhéanfadh sé Dhéanfadh sí Dhéanfaimis Dhéanfadh sibh Dhéanfaidís Ní dhéanfainn An ndéanfá? |
| how do you do to say in the conditional tense? (Irish) | Déarfinn Déarfá éarfimis sé Déarfadh sí Déarfimis Déarfimis siad Déarfidís Ní déarfinn An ndéarfá |
| how do you do a broad verb, 1 syllable, starting with a vowel? (Irish) | past: add 'd-', 'níor' or 'ar', 'amar' for we present: add 'ann', 'an' + urú, 'amid', 'aim' urú and/or ní with 'h' future: add 'faidh', with 'ní' + h, 'an' + urú and 'faimid' |
| how do you do a slender verb, 2 syllables, starting with a vowel? (Irish) | remove the final syllable, then: past: add 'd-', 'níor' or 'ar', + h, 'íomar' for we present: add 'íonn', 'ím', 'ímid', 'an' + urú and 'ní' + h future: add 'eóidh', 'eóimíd', 'an' + urú and 'ní' + h |
| how do you do a slender verb, 1 syllables, starting with a consonant? (Irish) | past: add 'd-', 'níor' or 'ar', 'eamar' for we present: add 'eann', 'an' + urú, 'aimid', 'im' and/or ní with 'h' future: add 'fidh', with 'ní' + h, 'an' + urú and 'fimid' |
| how do you do a broad verb, 2 syllables, starting with a consonant? (Irish) | remove the final syllable, then: past: add 'd-', 'níor' or 'ar', + h, 'íomar' for we present: add 'aíonn', 'aím', 'aímid', 'an' + urú and 'ní' + h future: add 'óidh', 'óimíd', 'an' + urú and 'ní' + h |
| how do you do syncopated verbs? (Irish) | take away the vowel between the two last consonants, then add the ending 'imir' becomes 'imríonn' |
| how do you know if a verb is slender or broad? (Irish) | if the last syllable is: a, o, u, á, ó or ú then it is broad if the last syllable is: i, e, í or é then it is slender |
| what are ratios? (Maths) | a fraction that is in the format 'x:y' |
| what are sets? (Maths) | things that are in properly defined groups are in sets |
| what is a venn diagram? (Maths) | a circle around a set |
| what order do things on a conjugation table go in? (Irish) | me you he she we y'all they question form negative |
| me (Irish) | mé |
| you (Irish) | tú |
| he (Irish) | sé |
| she (Irish) | sí |
| we (Irish) | sinn (officially) but muid (usually) |
| y'all (Irish) | sibh |
| they (Irish) | siad |
| what is respiration? (Science) | Respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to release energy in the form of ATP, involving the consumption of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide. |
| what is breathing? (Science) | Breathing is the physical process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide, which is essential for gas exchange in the body. |
| what are trachea? (Science) | The trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi and allows air to pass to and from the lungs. |
| what is the bronchea? (Science) | The bronchus (plural: bronchi) is one of the two tubes that branch off from the trachea and carry air into each lung. |
| what is the bronchiole? (Science) | The bronchiole is a smaller branch of the bronchus that further divides within the lungs, leading to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. |
| what is the alveolus? (Science) | The alveolus (plural: alveoli) is a tiny air sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the lungs and blood. |
| what are intercostal muscles? (Science) | The intercostal muscles are muscles located between the ribs that help expand and contract the rib cage during breathing. |
| what is the diaphragm? (Science) | The diaphragm is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the lungs that plays a key role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity. |
| what does the nose do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | takes in air and filters it with tiny hairs |
| what does the pleura do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | membrane that helps lungs to move easily |
| what do the ribs do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | bones that protect the lungs |
| what does the diaphragm do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | a muscle that controls the volume of the chest |
| what does the epiglottis do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | a flap of skin that prevents food going into the trachea (windpipe) |
| what does the trachea do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | takes air down to the lungs |
| what does the bronchus do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | a tube that carries air into a lung |
| what does the bronchiole do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | very narrow tubes that carry air to the alveoli |
| what does the lung do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | gaseous exchange |
| what does the alveolus do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | tiny air sacs for gaseous exchange |
| what do the intercostal muscles do as part of the respiratory system? (Science) | move the chest during breathing |
| what is done to inhale? (Science) | 1. intercostal muscles contract 2.diaphragm contracts 3.the volume of the ribcage increases 4. pressure on the lungs decreases 5. air is sucked in |
| what is done to exhale? (Science) | 1. intercostal muscles relax 2. diaphragm relaxes 3. ribcage volume decreases 4. pressure on lungs increases 5. air is forced out |
| what is a ventilator? (Science) | A ventilator is a medical device used to assist or control breathing by moving air in and out of the lungs when a person is unable to breathe adequately on their own. |
| what is cellular respiration? (Science) | Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. |
| what does breathing involve? (Science) | Breathing involves the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide through the movement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. |
| what is the respiratory system made up of? (Science) | The respiratory system is made up of the nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli, diaphragm, and intercostal muscles. |
| what does breathing depend on? (Science) | the action of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles |
| how does exercise increase breathing rate? (Science) | Exercise increases the demand for oxygen in muscles, so the body increases the rate of breathing to supply more oxygen and remove carbon dioxide more efficiently. |
| what does gaseous exchange involve? (Science) | Gaseous exchange involves the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood and the movement of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. |
| how do you carry out an investigation that uses limewater to show the amount of carbon dioxide in exhaled air? (Science) | To test for carbon dioxide, exhale into a container of limewater. If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater will turn cloudy due to the formation of calcium carbonate. |
| what systems interact with each other? (Science) | digestive, circulatory and respiratory |
| what is weathering and mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Weathering is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces due to environmental factors. Mass movement refers to the movement of soil and rock down slopes due to gravity. |
| what is weathering? (Geogrpahy) | Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological processes. |
| what is mass movment? (Geogrpahy) | Mass movement refers to the downward movement of soil, rock, and debris under the influence of gravity, including processes like landslides and mudflows. |
| what are the types of mass movment? (Geogrpahy) | Types of mass movement include soil creep, mudflows, landslides, avalanches, bog bursts, and lahars. |
| what is slow mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Slow mass movement refers to the gradual downward movement of materials, such as soil creep, which happens over a long period of time. |
| what is fast mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Fast mass movement refers to rapid, sudden movements of material down slopes, such as landslides, avalanches, and mudflows. |
| what is an example of slow mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Soil creep is an example of slow mass movement, where soil slowly moves downhill due to gravity over long periods. |
| what are examples of fast mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Examples of fast mass movement include landslides, mudflows, avalanches, and lahars. |
| what are the factors of mass movment? (Geogrpahy) | Factors include gradient, water content, vegetation, human activity, and animal activity. |
| what is soil creep? (Geogrpahy) | Soil creep is the slow, steady downhill movement of soil and rock due to gravity, typically occurring over long periods of time. |
| what are bog bursts? (Geogrpahy) | Bog bursts are rapid, downhill flows of waterlogged peat or soil, usually triggered by heavy rainfall or rapid thawing. |
| what are mudflows? (Geogrpahy) | Mudflows are fast-moving flows of wet, muddy debris that travel down slopes, often caused by heavy rainfall or volcanic activity. |
| what are lahars? (Geogrpahy) | Lahars are volcanic mudflows, typically consisting of ash, water, and debris that move rapidly down the slopes of a volcano. |
| what are landslides? (Geogrpahy) | Landslides are rapid movements of rock, soil, and debris down a slope, often triggered by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or human activity. |
| what are avalanches? (Geogrpahy) | Avalanches are fast-moving masses of snow, ice, and debris that slide down mountainsides, often triggered by a disturbance in the snowpack. |
| what is gradient? (Geogrpahy) | Gradient refers to the steepness or incline of a slope, which influences the speed of mass movement. |
| what is water content? (Geogrpahy) | Water content refers to the amount of water in the soil, which can affect the stability of slopes and contribute to mass movement. |
| what is human activity? (Geogrpahy) | Human activity refers to actions such as deforestation, construction, or mining that can alter the landscape and increase the risk of mass movement. |
| what is vegetation? (Geogrpahy) | Vegetation refers to plant life that can stabilize soil, reducing the likelihood of mass movement by binding the soil together with roots. |
| what do animals have to do with mass movement? (Geogrpahy) | Animals can influence mass movement by burrowing or disturbing the soil, which can lead to soil erosion or instability on slopes. |
| how can mass movement be controlled? (Geogrpahy) | Mass movement can be controlled through methods like building retaining walls, planting vegetation, using drainage systems, or regrading slopes. |
| what is mechanical weathering? (Geogrpahy) | Mechanical weathering is the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, such as freeze-thaw. |
| what is freeze-thaw action? (Geogrpahy) | Freeze-thaw action is a type of mechanical weathering where water enters cracks in rocks, freezes, and expands, causing the rock to break apart. |
| what is scree? (Geogrpahy) | Scree refers to a pile of loose, fragmented rock debris that accumulates at the base of cliffs or slopes due to weathering and mass movement. |
| what is chemical weathering? (Geogrpahy) | Chemical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down due to chemical reactions, often involving water and gases like oxygen. |
| what is carbonation? (Geogrpahy) | Carbonation is a type of chemical weathering where carbon dioxide in rainwater reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks, like limestone, to form calcium bicarbonate. |
| what is a karst landscape? (Geogrpahy) | A karst landscape is formed by the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, resulting in features like caves, sinkholes, and stalactites. |
| what are the postives and negatives of tourism in the burren? (Geogrpahy) | Positives include economic benefits and increased awareness of conservation. Negatives include erosion, habitat damage, and increased waste. |
| what is on the surface of a karst landscape? (Geogrpahy) | The surface of a karst landscape typically features limestone pavements, clints, grikes, sinkholes, and caves. |
| what is underneath a karst landscape? (Geogrpahy) | Underneath a karst landscape, there are often caves, underground rivers, and other features formed by the dissolution of limestone. |
| what is a stalagmite? (Geogrpahy) | A stalagmite is a mound of mineral deposits that form on the floor of a cave as water drips and evaporates, leaving behind minerals like calcium carbonate. |
| what is a stalactite? (Geogrpahy) | A stalactite is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave, formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water that evaporates. |
| what is a limestone pavement? (Geogrpahy) | A limestone pavement is a flat expanse of exposed limestone rock, often featuring clints (blocks) and grikes (gaps). |
| what is a clint? (Geogrpahy) | A clint is a block or flat area of limestone, often found in a limestone pavement, formed by weathering and erosion. |
| what is a grike? (Geogrpahy) | A grike is a deep fissure or crack in limestone, formed by the weathering process of carbonation. |
| what is a swallow hole? (Geogrpahy) | A swallow hole is a depression or hole in the ground where water disappears, often found in karst landscapes as water flows into underground rivers. |
| what is a joint? (Geogrpahy) | A joint is a fracture or crack in rock that forms naturally due to stress or other factors, providing pathways for water and weathering processes. |
| what is a bedding plane? (Geogrpahy) | A bedding plane is the horizontal layer between two layers of rock that can be affected by weathering and mass movement. |
| what is a performance? (English) | A performance is the live presentation of a play, where actors portray characters and tell a story through actions and dialogue. |
| what is punctuation? (English) | Punctuation refers to marks like periods, commas, and question marks that help clarify meaning in writing. |
| what inventions did Shakespeare make? (English) | Shakespeare coined many words and phrases, enriching the English language, though he didn’t invent physical items. |
| how was Shakespeare famous for insults? (English) | Shakespeare was known for his witty and creative insults, often using elaborate language and wordplay in his plays. |
| what are retired words? (English) | Retired words are outdated terms no longer in common use, some of which were used in Shakespeare's time. |
| what is a pronoun? (English) | A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun, like "he," "she," or "it," to avoid repetition. |
| what is a contraction? (English) | A contraction is a shortened form of a word or phrase, like "don’t" for "do not" or "can’t" for "cannot." |
| what is an inversion? (English) | An inversion is the reversal of the usual order of words in a sentence, often used for emphasis or style. |
| what are performances? (English) | Performances refer to live acts of storytelling, often in theatre, where actors perform a scripted play. |
| how are performances different to stories in a book? (English) | Performances bring stories to life through live acting, while books rely on written words for imagination and visualization. |
| how is Shakespeare's punctuation different to today's? (English) | Shakespeare's punctuation was more flexible, and he often used commas and periods in unconventional ways. |
| what words did Shakespeare use? (English) | Shakespeare used both contemporary and newly coined words, many of which enriched the English language. |
| what happened in Romeo and Juliet? (English) | "Romeo and Juliet" tells the tragic story of two young lovers from feuding families, whose deaths end the conflict. |
| what happened in a Midsummer Night's Dream? (English) | In "A Midsummer Night's Dream," four lovers and a group of actors find themselves entangled in magical mischief in the woods. |
| who was William Shakespeare? (English) | William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet, often regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. |
| what are household budgets? (Business) | Household budgets are financial plans that help manage the income and expenditure of a household, ensuring that expenses do not exceed income. |
| how do you do household budgets? (Business) | Household budgets are done by tracking all sources of income and categorizing all expenses (fixed and variable). A simple formula is: Income - Expenses = Savings. |
| what are the main financial services in Ireland? (Business) | The main financial services in Ireland include banking services, insurance, pensions, investments, mortgages, and financial advisory services. |
| what is an analysed cash book? (Business) | An analysed cash book is a financial record where all cash transactions are recorded and categorized into specific expense or income headings. |
| how do you do an analysed cash book? (Business) | To complete an analysed cash book, record each transaction under the relevant category (e.g., sales, purchases, wages). Ensure that all entries are balanced. |
| what is direct debit? (Business) | A direct debit is a pre-authorized payment system where a third party can collect money from a bank account automatically on agreed dates. |
| what is standing order? (Business) | A standing order is an instruction given by a bank account holder to their bank to pay a fixed amount to a recipient on a regular basis. |
| what is the difference between standing order and direct debit? (Business) | A standing order is initiated by the account holder for fixed payments, while a direct debit is initiated by the recipient to collect variable payments. |
| what is saving? (Business) | Saving is the process of setting aside a portion of income for future use or emergencies rather than spending it all immediately. |
| what is investing? (Business) | Investing involves using money to purchase assets (stocks, bonds, real estate, etc.) with the expectation of earning a return over time. |
| what is interest? (Business) | Interest is the cost of borrowing money or the return earned on investment or savings. |
| what are the types of interest? (Business) | The main types of interest are simple interest (calculated on the principal amount) and compound interest (calculated on both principal and accumulated interest). |
| what is an post and what do they do? (Business) | An Post is the national postal service of Ireland, providing mail delivery, postal banking services, and retail products. |
| what is a credit union and what do they do? (Business) | A credit union is a member-owned financial cooperative that provides services like savings accounts, loans, and insurance to its members. |
| what is a commercial bank and what do they do? (Business) | A commercial bank is a financial institution that offers services such as savings accounts, checking accounts, loans, and mortgages to individuals and businesses. |
| what are loans? (Business) | Loans are sums of money borrowed from a financial institution that must be paid back with interest over a set period. |
| what is borrowing money? (Business) | Borrowing money involves obtaining funds from a lender that must be repaid, usually with interest, within a defined time frame. |
| what is credit? (Business) | Credit is an agreement where a borrower receives something of value and agrees to repay the lender later, typically with interest. |
| what is credit worthiness? (Business) | Creditworthiness is the measure of a borrower's ability to repay debt based on their credit history and financial situation. |
| what is insurance? (Business) | Insurance is a contract that provides financial protection against loss or damage in exchange for regular premium payments. |
| what is taxation? (Business) | Taxation is the process by which the government collects money from individuals and businesses to fund public services and infrastructure. |
| what are the types of insurance? (Business) | Types of insurance include health insurance, life insurance, car insurance, home insurance, and travel insurance. |
| what is an insurance form? (Business) | An insurance form is a document required by insurers to collect necessary information before offering coverage. |
| how do you do an insurance form? (Business) | An insurance form is filled out by providing personal information, details about the property or situation being insured, and any previous claims. |
| explain what insurance is. (Business) | Insurance is a risk management tool where an individual or entity pays premiums in exchange for financial protection against specified risks. |
| outline the principles of insurance. (Business) | risk pooling, insurable interest, utmost good faith, indemnity, and contribution. |
| determine the types of household/personal insurance that you may need at different times. (Business) | Types of insurance may include health insurance, home insurance (buildings and contents), life insurance, motor insurance, and income protection. |
| identify jobs in the insurance industry. (Business) | Jobs in the insurance industry include underwriters, brokers, actuaries, claims adjusters, and insurance agents. |
| identify the costs, benefits and risks associated with both insurance and non-insurance. (Business) | Insurance provides financial protection against unexpected events, while non-insurance means assuming full risk. Insurance has premiums, but can mitigate larger financial losses. |
| how do you complete insurance documentation? (Business) | Insurance documentation is completed by providing accurate information, ensuring all required fields are filled, and submitting necessary identification and evidence. |
| how do you calculate a premium? (Business) | Premiums are calculated based on factors like the level of coverage, the insured's risk profile, and the type of insurance. |
| what is an actuary? (Business) | An actuary is a professional who uses mathematics and statistics to assess risk and determine the pricing of insurance products. |
| what is an agent? (Business) | An agent is a person who acts on behalf of an insurance company to sell and manage insurance policies. |
| what is an average clause? (Business) | The average clause is a provision in insurance policies where if the insured property is underinsured, the compensation will be reduced proportionately. |
| what is a claim form? (Business) | A claim form is a document submitted to an insurance company to request compensation for a covered event. |
| what is compensation? (Business) | Compensation is the payment made by an insurance company to the policyholder or beneficiary for a covered loss or injury. |
| what is comprehensive insurance? (Business) | Comprehensive insurance covers all types of damages to a vehicle, including accidents, theft, and natural disasters. |
| what is contribution? (Business) | Contribution is the principle that if multiple insurance policies cover the same risk, each insurer will contribute to the payout proportionally. |
| what is a critical illness cover? (Business) | Critical illness cover is a type of insurance that pays a lump sum if the policyholder is diagnosed with a serious illness covered by the policy. |
| what is endowment policy? (Business) | An endowment policy is a life insurance policy that pays a lump sum after a specific term or upon the policyholder's death. |
| what are exclusions? (Business) | Exclusions are conditions or events not covered by an insurance policy. |
| what is health insurance? (Business) | Health insurance covers the cost of medical treatments, surgeries, and other health-related expenses. |
| what is holiday/travel insurance? (Business) | Holiday/travel insurance provides coverage for trip cancellations, lost luggage, medical emergencies, and other travel-related issues. |
| what is home insurance (buildings cover)? (Business) | Buildings cover in home insurance protects the physical structure of a property against risks like fire, flood, or theft. |
| what is home insurance (contents cover)? (Business) | Contents cover in home insurance protects personal belongings inside the property from risks such as theft or damage. |
| what is income protection insurance? (Business) | Income protection insurance provides a regular income if the policyholder is unable to work due to illness or injury. |
| what is indemnity? (Business) | Indemnity is the principle of restoring the insured to the same financial position they were in before the loss occurred. |
| what is insurable interest? (Business) | Insurable interest is the financial interest a person must have in the subject of the insurance, ensuring that they would suffer financially if a loss occurred. |
| what is insurance? (Business) | a contract between an individual or business with an insurance company to help provide financial protection and mitigate the risks associated with certain situations or events |
| what is an insurance broker? (Business) | An insurance broker is a professional who acts as an intermediary between clients and insurance companies, helping clients find suitable policies. |
| what is an insurance policy? (Business) | An insurance policy is a legal contract between the insurer and the policyholder outlining the terms, coverage, and exclusions of the insurance. |
| what is life assurance? (Business) | Life assurance is a type of life insurance that guarantees a payout on the death of the policyholder, or after a specific period. |
| what is loading? (Business) | Loading is an additional charge added to the premium based on higher risk factors, such as age, occupation, or health issues. |
| what is material fact? (Business) | A material fact is any information that could influence the insurer's decision to provide coverage or the terms of the insurance. |
| what is mobile phone/gadget insurance? (Business) | Mobile phone/gadget insurance provides coverage for loss, damage, or theft of mobile phones and electronic devices. |
| what is mortgage protection insurance? (Business) | Mortgage protection insurance ensures that the mortgage will be paid off if the policyholder dies or becomes unable to work due to illness. |
| what is motor insurance? (Business) | Motor insurance provides financial protection for damage or injury caused by a vehicle, either for the driver or others involved. |
| what is a no-claims bonus? (Business) | A no-claims bonus is a discount given to drivers who have not made any claims during a specific period. |
| what is payment protection insurance? (Business) | Payment protection insurance covers loan or credit repayments if the borrower becomes ill, unemployed, or faces other challenges. |
| what is personal accident insurance? (Business) | Personal accident insurance provides coverage for injury, disability, or death resulting from an accident. |
| what is policy excess? (Business) | Policy excess is the amount the policyholder must pay before an insurance company starts to pay a claim. |
| what is a premium? (Business) | A premium is the amount paid periodically to an insurance company for coverage under an insurance policy. |
| what is a proposal form? (Business) | A proposal form is a document used by insurers to collect necessary information from a potential policyholder before issuing a policy. |
| what is PRSI? (Business) | PRSI (Pay Related Social Insurance) is a tax in Ireland that funds social welfare benefits such as pensions, unemployment benefits, and sickness benefits. |
| what is a renewal notice? (Business) | A renewal notice is a notification sent by an insurer to a policyholder reminding them that their policy is due for renewal. |
| what is subrogation? (Business) | Subrogation is the process by which an insurance company seeks compensation from a third party responsible for a claim. |
| what is risk? (Business) | Risk is the possibility of a financial loss occurring due to an unforeseen event. |
| what is a term policy? (Business) | A term policy is a type of life insurance that covers the policyholder for a specific period, such as 10, 20, or 30 years. |
| what is third party insurance? (Business) | Third-party insurance covers damages or injuries caused to others by the insured party. |
| what is third party fire and theft insurance? (Business) | Third-party fire and theft insurance covers damages or injuries to others, as well as the insured vehicle against fire or theft. |
| what is underinsurance? (Business) | Underinsurance occurs when the amount of coverage is less than the value of the asset being insured, resulting in insufficient compensation for losses. |
| what is uninsurable risk? (Business) | An uninsurable risk is a risk that is not covered by any insurance policy due to its nature, such as damage caused by war or natural disasters. |
| what is utmost good faith? (Business) | Utmost good faith is the principle that both parties in an insurance contract must act honestly and disclose all material facts. |
| what is whole life policy? (Business) | A whole life policy is a type of life insurance that provides coverage for the policyholder's entire life, with a payout upon death. |
| what is a write-off? (Business) | A write-off is an asset or debt that is declared as a loss and removed from the financial records. |
| what is capital acquisitions tax? (Business) | Capital acquisitions tax (CAT) is a tax on gifts and inheritances in Ireland. |
| what is capital gains tax? (Business) | Capital gains tax (CGT) is a tax on the profit made from the sale of assets such as property, shares, or investments. |
| what is carbon tax? (Business) | A carbon tax is a tax imposed on carbon emissions to encourage environmentally friendly practices and reduce greenhouse gases. |
| what is customs duty? (Business) | Customs duty is a tax on imports and exports between countries, intended to regulate trade. |
| what are deductions? (Business) | Deductions are amounts subtracted from gross income, like taxes or employee benefits, that reduce the taxable income. |
| what is Deposit Interest Retention Tax? (Business) | Deposit Interest Retention Tax (DIRT) is a tax on interest earned from savings and deposits in Ireland. |
| what is direct tax? (Business) | Direct tax is a tax that is directly levied on income, property, or profits, such as income tax or capital gains tax. |
| what is emergency tax? (Business) | Emergency tax is a temporary tax applied when an individual's tax status is unclear, such as when they first start a job. |
| what is excise duty? (Business) | Excise duty is a tax on specific goods like alcohol, tobacco, and fuel, usually added to the retail price. |
| what is gross pay? (Business) | Gross pay is the total amount of income earned by an employee before any deductions like taxes or insurance. |
| what is income tax? (Business) | Income tax is a tax levied on an individual's earnings or income by the government. |
| what is local property tax? (Business) | Local property tax (LPT) is an annual tax on the value of residential properties in Ireland. |
| what is motor tax? (Business) | Motor tax is a tax paid on vehicles in Ireland, based on engine size or CO2 emissions. |
| what is net pay? (Business) | Net pay is the amount an employee takes home after deductions like taxes and pensions are subtracted from gross pay. |
| what is Office of the Revenue Commissioners? (Business) | The Office of the Revenue Commissioners is the government agency responsible for tax collection and enforcement in Ireland. |
| what is Pay As You Earn? (Business) | Pay As You Earn (PAYE) is a system where employees have their income tax deducted automatically from their salary. |
| what is a Personal Public Service Number? (Business) | The Personal Public Service Number (PPSN) is an identification number used for social welfare, tax, and public services in Ireland. |
| what is progressive taxation? (Business) | Progressive taxation is a system where the tax rate increases as the taxable income increases. |
| what is regressive taxation? (Business) | Regressive taxation is a system where the tax rate decreases as the taxable amount increases. |
| what is self-assessed income tax? (Business) | Self-assessed income tax is a system where taxpayers calculate and pay their own income tax based on their earnings. |
| what is stamp duty? (Business) | Stamp duty is a tax on documents, typically related to the transfer of property or shares. |
| what is standard rate cut-off point? (Business) | The standard rate cut-off point is the level of income at which an individual moves from a lower tax rate to a higher tax rate. |
| what is tax? (Business) | Tax is a compulsory financial charge imposed by the government to fund public services and infrastructure. |
| what is tax audit? (Business) | A tax audit is an examination of a taxpayer's financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with tax laws. |
| what is tax avoidance? (Business) | Tax avoidance is the legal practice of minimizing tax liability through strategies that comply with the law. |
| what is tax credit? (Business) | A tax credit is an amount that can be deducted directly from the tax owed, reducing the taxpayer's liability. |
| what is tax evasion? (Business) | Tax evasion is the illegal practice of deliberately avoiding paying taxes by misrepresenting or concealing income. |
| what is tax liability? (Business) | Tax liability is the total amount of tax a taxpayer is legally obligated to pay. |
| what is tax rate? (Business) | A tax rate is the percentage at which income or transactions are taxed. |
| what is Universal Social Charge? (Business) | The Universal Social Charge (USC) is a tax on gross income in Ireland, with rates that vary based on income and is used for welfare things (e.g. libraries and community events etc.) |
| what is value added tax? (Business) | Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax levied on goods and services in Ireland, generally charged at 23%. |
| what is vehicle registration tax? (Business) | Vehicle registration tax (VRT) is a tax on the registration of vehicles in Ireland, based on the vehicle's value or emissions. |
| outline the role of taxation in a modern economy. (Business) | Taxation funds public services, supports economic growth, and helps redistribute wealth within a society. |
| how do you appreciate personal responsibilities in relation to taxation? (Business) | Understanding personal responsibility in taxation involves being aware of tax obligations, filing returns, and contributing to the economy. |
| describe the major household and personal taxes in Ireland. (Business) | Major taxes include income tax, VAT, local property tax, motor tax, and Universal Social Charge. |
| illustrate the impact of taxation on households and individuals. (Business) | Taxation impacts disposable income, consumer spending, and overall financial planning for households and individuals. |
| how do you calculate the tax liability for a household or individual? (Business) | Tax liability is calculated by applying the appropriate tax rates to taxable income, subtracting any applicable tax credits or deductions. |
| what is DEPED? (Geography) | DEPED stands for Define, Example, Process, Explanation and Diagram and it is the order in which a question must be answered and what things are needed in your answer. |
| what is a union? (Math) | all of the elements in a venn diagram that are in the circles |
| what is the universal? (Math) | everything in the question regardless of being in a circle or not; they are represented outside of the circles but contained within the rectangle around the whole thing |
| what is the intersection? (Math) | the bit of a venn diagram where two of the circles overlap and there are elements within the overlap |
| what are letters? (English) | Written messages addressed to a person or organization, often sent by post or email. |
| what are emails? (English) | Electronic messages sent via the internet from one person to another. |
| what is travel writing? (English) | A genre of writing that describes experiences, places, and cultures encountered while traveling. |
| what is non-fiction? (English) | Texts based on facts, real events, and real people, rather than imaginative storytelling. |
| what are newspaper articles? (English) | Reports or stories published in newspapers that inform the public about recent events. |
| what are newscasts? (English) | Broadcasts (TV or radio) that report the news to the public. |
| what are speeches? (English) | Spoken presentations given to inform, persuade, or entertain an audience. |
| what are advertisements? (English) | Promotional messages designed to persuade people to buy a product or service. |
| what is an informal letter? (English) | A casual letter written to someone you know personally, using a friendly tone. |
| what is a formal letter? (English) | A structured and polite letter used for official or professional communication. |
| what is a cover letter? (English) | A document sent with a resume to introduce yourself and explain why you’re a good fit for a job. |
| what is a tabloid newspaper? (English) | A smaller-format newspaper often focusing on sensational stories, celebrity news, and entertainment. |
| what is a broadsheet? (English) | A large-format newspaper known for more serious and in-depth journalism. |
| what is a digital newspaper? (English) | An online version of a newspaper accessible via computers or mobile devices. |
| what are journalists? (English) | People who gather, write, and report news for newspapers, TV, radio, or online media. |
| what is a masthead? (English) | The title of a newspaper or magazine, typically found at the top of the front page. |
| what is a byline? (English) | A line in an article that names the author. |
| what is biased reporting? (English) | News coverage that unfairly favors one side or opinion, lacking objectivity. |
| what is an opinion piece? (English) | An article where the writer expresses personal views or arguments on a topic. |
| watching TV (Irish) | ag féachant ar an teilifís |
| playing sports (Irish) | ag imirt spóirt |
| listening to music (Irish) | ag éisteacht le ceol |
| playing music (Irish) | ag seinm ceol |
| reading (Irish) | ag léamh |
| walking (Irish) | ag súil |
| cooking/baking (Irish) | ag cócaireacht |
| shopping (Irish) | ag siopadóireacht |
| texting (Irish) | ag seoladh téacsanna |
| playing video games (Irish) | ag imirt cluichí ríomhaire |
| painting (Irish) | ag péinteáil |
| dancing (Irish) | ag damhsa |
| past times (Irish) | caitheamh aimsire |
| musical instruments (Irish) | uirlisí ceoil |
| types of music (Irish) | ceineálacha ceoil |
| pop music (Irish) | popcheol |
| classical music (Irish) | ceol clasaicheach |
| traditional music (Irish) | ceol traidisiúnta |
| rock music (Irish) | rac-cheol |
| country music (Irish) | ceol tíre |
| jazz music (Irish) | snagcheol |
| blues music (Irish) | na gormacha |
| hip hop music (Irish) | hip hap |
| harp (Irish) | cláirseach |
| bodhrán (Irish) | bodhrán |
| fiddle (Irish) | fidil |
| tin whistle (Irish) | feadóg stáin |
| piano (Irish) | pianó |
| drums (Irish) | drumaí |
| guitar (Irish) | giotár |
| Saxophone (Irish) | sacsafón |
| keyboard (Irish) | méarchlár |
| accordion (Irish) | bosca ceoil |
| what can mechanical weathering also be called? (Geography) | physical weathering |
| what does celestial mean? (Science) | Related to the sky or outer space. |
| what is space? (Science) | The vast, seemingly infinite area beyond Earth's atmosphere that contains stars, planets, and galaxies. |
| what is a moon? (Science) | A natural satellite that orbits a planet. |
| what is an asteroid? (Science) | A small rocky object that orbits the Sun, mostly found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. |
| what is a comet? (Science) | A space object made of ice, dust, and rock that develops a glowing tail when near the Sun. |
| what are planets? (Science) | Large celestial bodies that orbit a star and do not produce their own light. |
| what is a star? (Science) | A massive, glowing ball of gas that generates energy through nuclear fusion (like the Sun). |
| what is the solar system? (Science) | The Sun and all the objects that orbit it, including planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. |
| what is a universe? (Science) | Everything that exists—space, time, matter, and energy. |
| what is the big bang? (Science) | The scientific theory that the universe began from a single point around 13.8 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. |
| what is a galaxy? (Science) | A MASSIVE system of stars, dust, gas, and dark matter held together by gravity, like the Milky Way. |
| what is a satellite? (Science) | An object that orbits a planet; it can be natural (like moons) or man-made. |
| what is a celestial body? (Science) | Any natural object in space, such as a star, planet, moon, or asteroid. |
| what did Nicolaus Copernicus do? (Science) | Proposed that the Sun, not Earth, is at the center of the solar system (heliocentric model). |
| what did Galileo Galilei do? (Science) | Used a telescope to support the heliocentric model and discovered moons orbiting Jupiter. |
| what did Edwin Hubble do? (Science) | Discovered that the universe is expanding and that galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way. |
| how do you find density? (Science) | put mass over volume as a fraction and divide. |
| what is astronomy? (Science) | The scientific study of celestial objects, space, and the universe as a whole. |
| what is gravity? (Science) | A force that attracts objects with mass toward each other. |
| what is gravity described as? (Science) | 'the glue of the universe' |
| when is it believed the universe was created? (Science) | ever since the Big Bang |
| what does evidence of the Big Bang come from? (Science) | the presence of cosmic background radiation left over from it and the continuous expansion of the universe. |
| Cathain? (Irish) | When? |
| Cén lá? (Irish) | What day? |
| Cén t-am? (Irish) | What time? |
| Cén uair? (Irish) | What hour/time? |
| Cén fáth? (Irish) | Why? |
| Cá fhaid? (Irish) | How long? |
| Cá? (Irish) | Where? |
| Cad? (Irish) | What? |
| Cad é an dáta deireanach? (Irish) | What is the last date? |
| Cad é an spriocdháta? (Irish) | What is the deadline? |
| Cén bhliain? (Irish) | What year? |
| Cén lá a bheidh? (Irish) | What day will…? |
| Cén oíche a bheidh? (Irish) | What night will…? |
| Cén? (Irish) | What? |
| Cad? (Irish) | What? |
| Céard? (Irish) | What? |
| Cad a deirtear? (Irish) | What was said? |
| Cad a bheidh ar siúl? (Irish) | What will be taking place? |
| Cé acu? (Irish) | Which of them? |
| Conas is féidir…? (Irish) | How can…? |
| Luaigh fáth amháin (Irish) | Mention one reason |
| Cad chuige? (Irish) | Why? |
| Cá?/Cár? (Irish) | Where? |
| Cá bhfuil siad? (Irish) | Where are they? |
| Cá háit?/Cén áit? (Irish) | Where?/What place? |
| Cé? (Irish) | Who? |
| Cén t-am? (Irish) | What time? |
| Cén dáta? (Irish) | What date? |
| Cén lá? (Irish) | What day? |
| Cén bliain? (Irish) | What year? |
| Cén t-ábhar? (Irish) | What subject? |
| Conas?/Cén chaoi? (Irish) | How? |
| Cén sórt/saghas? (Irish) | What sort/type? |
| Cén táille? (Irish) | What fee? |
| Cén costas? (Irish) | What cost? |
| Cén t-ainm? (Irish) | What name? |
| Cé mhéad? (Irish) | How much/many? |
| Cé mhéad ama? (Irish) | How much time? |
| Céard a bheidh ar siúl? (Irish) | What will be taking place? |
| Déan cur síos. (Irish) | Describe |
| Luaigh (Irish) | Mention |
| what is the union represented by? (Maths) | a U without a tail |
| what is the intersection represented by? (Maths) | an upside down U without a tail |
| what is the universal represented by? (Maths) | a capital U |
| how would I say something is in one set but not in another? (Maths) | A' means everything not in A U\A means the same thing |
| what is the symbol for 'is an element of'? (Maths) | ∈ |
| what is the symbol for 'is not an element of'? (Maths) | ∉ |
| what is the symbol for 'the number of elements in'? (Maths) | # |
| what is the symbol for 'is equal to'? (Maths) | = |
| what is the symbol for 'the empty or 'null' set'? (Maths) | ∅ (or sometimes just {} ) |
| what is the symbol for 'is a subset of'? (Maths) | ⊂ |
| what is the symbol for 'is not a subset of'? (Maths) | ⊄ |
| what is the symbol for 'complement'? (Maths) | ' |
| what is the symbol for 'set difference'? (Maths) | \ |
| fresh air (German) | frische Luft |
| nothing to do (German) | nichts zu tun |
| rubbish (German) | Müll |
| nature (German) | Natur |
| traffic (German) | Verkehr |
| a lot to do (German) | viel zu tun |
| a lot of (German) | viel(e) |
| facilities (German) | Einrichtungen |
| shops (German) | Geschäfte |
| too many people (German) | zu viele Leute |
| bed (German) | Bett |
| picture (German) | Bild |
| poster (German) | Poster |
| window (German) | Fenster |
| double bed (German) | Doppelbett |
| bunk bed (German) | doppelstockbett |
| sofa (German) | Sofa |
| shelf (German) | Regal |
| chest of drawers (German) | Kommode |
| lamp (German) | Lampe |
| plant (German) | Pflanze |
| screen (German) | Bildschirm |
| computer (German) | Computer |
| printer (German) | Drucker |
| TV (German) | Fernseher |
| wooden floor (German) | Holzboden |
| laptop (German) | Laptop |
| loudspeaker (German) | Lautsprecher |
| wardrobe (German) | Kleiderschrank |
| bedside table (German) | Nachttisch |
| desk (German) | Schreibtisch |
| armchair (German) | Sessel |
| mirror (German) | Spiegel |
| chair (German) | Stuhl |
| carpet (German) | Teppich |
| curtains (German) | Vorhänge |
| cushions (German) | Kissen |
| furniture (German) | Möbel |
| walls (German) | Wände |
| to travel (German) | fahren |
| to go (German) | gehen |
| to do (German) | machen |
| to play (German) | spielen |
| always (German) | immer |
| every day (German) | jeden Tag |
| at the weekend (German) | am Wochenende |
| regularly (German) | regelmäßig |
| often (German) | oft |
| quite (German) | ziemlich |
| sometimes (German) | manchmal |
| now and again (German) | ab und zu |
| never (German) | nie |
| canoe (German) | Kanu |
| bike (German) | Rad |
| skateboard (German) | Skateboard |
| ski (German) | Ski/Schi |
| water skiing (German) | Wasserski |
| fishing (German) | angeln |
| bowling (German) | bowlen |
| running (German) | laufen |
| horse riding (German) | reiten |
| rowing (German) | rudern |
| swimming (German) | schwimmen |
| walking (German) | spazieren gehen |
| hiking (German) | wandern |
| gymnastics (German) | Gymnastik |
| Irish dancing (German) | irisches Tanzen |
| martial arts (German) | Kampfsport |
| karate (German) | Karate |
| judo (German) | Judo |
| kickboxing (German) | Kickboxen |
| weight-lifting (German) | Kraftsport |
| athletics (German) | |
| basketball (German) | Basketball |
| badminton (German) | Badminton |
| football (German) | Fußball |
| Gaelic football (German) | gälischen Fußball |
| hurling (German) | Hurling |
| camogie (German) | Camogie |
| hockey (German) | Hockey |
| rugby (German) | Rugby |
| because it's fun (German) | denn es macht Spaß |
| because it is (German) | denn es ist |
| easy (German) | einfach |
| fantastic (German) | fantastisch |
| boring (German) | langweilig |
| fast (German) | schnell |
| hard (German) | schwer |
| exciting (German) | spannend |
| lively (Irish) | beomhar |
| crowd (Irish) | slua |
| what are the 4 a's? (Irish) | áit, aimsir, áiseanna, atmaisféar. |
| what are the 3 b's? (Irish) | bia, bialann, blasta. |
| what are the 2 c's? (Irish) | cara, ceantar. |
| what is d? (Irish) | daoine |
| what is e? (Irish) | eachtra |
| what is f? (Irish) | farraige |
| what do you need to talk about for the 'ceolchoirm' blog? (Irish) | intro, bought tickets to see a band in town, got the bus, had dinner, nice atmosphere, it was a great concert, had a lot of fun, outro |
| what do you need to talk about for the 'cluiche' blog? (Irish) | intro, got tickets from ticketmaster, it was a nice day in the aviva, weather was good when the two teams played, got chips, tasty, atmosphere electric+lively, people cheered, who won, losers were sad, outro |
| cluiche (Irish) | game |
| when do you use 'fahren' in German? (German) | when using vehicles as a sport |
| when do you use 'gehen' in German? (German) | when using something not particularly competetitive outside as a sport (angeln, reiten etc.) |
| when do you use 'spielen' in German? (German) | with ball sports |
| when do you use 'machen' in German? (German) | with sports you do in a gym (martial arts, weightlifting etc.) |
| Goal (Irish) | Cúl |
| what are the 5 principles of insurance? (Business) | insurable interest, utmost good faith, indemnity, subrogation and contribution |
| what is insurable interest? (Business) | The insured must have a financial or legal interest in the subject of insurance. Prevents moral hazard and ensures legitimacy. |
| what is indemnity? (Business) | Insurance restores the insured to their original financial position after a loss. Prevents profit from insurance claims. |
| what is subrogation? (Business) | After paying a claim, the insurer can claim against a third party responsible for the loss. Allows recovery of losses from liable third parties. |
| what is contribution? (Business) | When multiple policies cover the same risk, insurers share the loss proportionally. Prevents overcompensation through multiple claims. |
| 1 year old (Irish) | bliain amháin d'aois |
| 2 years old (Irish) | Dhá bhliain d’aois |
| 3 years old (Irish) | Trí bliana d’aois |
| 4 years old (Irish) | Ceithre bliana d’aois |
| 5 years old (Irish) | Cúig bliana d’aois |
| 6 years old (Irish) | Sé bliana d’aois |
| 7 years old (Irish) | Seacht mbliana d’aois |
| 8 years old (Irish) | Ocht mbliana d’aois |
| 9 years old (Irish) | Naoi mbliana d’aois |
| 10 years old (Irish) | Deich mbliana d’aois |
| 11 years old (Irish) | Aon bhliain déag d’aois |
| 12 years old (Irish) | Dhá bhliain déag d’aois |
| 13 years old (Irish) | Trí bliana déag d’aois |
| 14 years old (Irish) | Ceithre bliana déag d’aois |
| 15 years old (Irish) | Cúig bliana déag d’aois |
| 16 years old (Irish) | Sé bliana déag d’aois |
| 17 years old (Irish) | Seacht mbliana déag d’aois |
| 18 years old (Irish) | Ocht mbliana déag d’aois |
| 19 years old (Irish) | Naoi mbliana déag d’aois |
| 20 years old (Irish) | Fiche bliain d’aois |
| one person (Irish) | duine amháin |
| two people (Irish) | beirt |
| three people (Irish) | triúr |
| four people (Irish) | ceathrar |
| five people (Irish) | cúigear |
| six people (Irish) | seisear |
| seven people (Irish) | seachtar |
| eight people (Irish) | ochtar |
| nine people (Irish) | naonúr |
| ten people (Irish) | deichniúr |
| Once a week (Irish) | Uair sa tseachtain |
| Twice a week (Irish) | Dhá uair sa tseachtain |
| Three times a week (Irish) | Trí huaire sa tseachtain |
| Four times a week (Irish) | Ceithre huaire sa tseachtain |
| Five times a week (Irish) | Cúig huaire sa tseachtain |
| Six times a week (Irish) | Sé huaire sa tseachtain |
| Seven times a week (Irish) | Seacht n-uaire sa tseachtain |
| Eight times a week (Irish) | Ocht n-uaire sa tseachtain |
| Nine times a week (Irish) | Naoi n-uaire sa tseachtain |
| Ten times a week (Irish) | Deich n-uaire sa tseachtain |
| to me! (Irish) | chugamsa! |
| run! (Irish) | rith! |
| well done! (Irish) | maith thú! |
| hard luck! (Irish) | drochádh! |
| referee! (Irish) | a réiteoir! |
| here! (Irish) | anseo! |
| that's not fair! (Irish) | níl sin cothrom! |
| winner (Irish) | buaiteoir |
| team (Irish) | foireann |
| Brave (Irish) | Cróga |
| Skilful (Irish) | Sciliúil |
| Famous (Irish) | Cáiliúil |
| Smart (Irish) | Cliste |
| Friendly (Irish) | Cairdiúil |
| Fast (Irish) | go tapa / go scopiodh |
| Fit (Irish) | Aclaí |
| Tall (Irish) | Ard |
| how do you use 'gern'? (German) | put it after the verb to show that you like the thing. e.g. Ich mache gern Kampfsport (I do like weightlifting) |
| what happens in the poem 'Base Details'? (English) | A bitter WWI poem where the speaker imagines sarcastically how fat, old officers send young men to die in war while they stay safe, drinking and indulging in luxury. |
| what happens in the poem 'Blackberry Picking'? (English) | Heaney recalls picking blackberries with youthful joy, then watching them rot—symbolizing lost innocence, the inevitability of decay, and the disappointment of change. |
| what happens in the poem 'Scaffolding'? (English) | Heaney compares building scaffolding to building a marriage—stressing the importance of strong foundations in relationships, so they endure even after temporary supports are removed. |
| who made the law in Roman times? (History) | the emperor and the senate made the 12 tables, a written code of law. there were soldiers instead of police and the victims had to investigate themselves. there were no judges, only magistrate |
| what were some crimes in Roman times? (History) | treason, murder, theft, arson, desertion, fraud, being Christian and running away as a slave |
| what were the punishments in Roman times? (History) | 'hanging out', crucifixion, flogging, fines, forced to fight in the coluseum, exile, human candles and decimation |
| who made the law in Medieval times? (History) | kings and local lords, whose laws became English common law. there were still no police, but at least there was a sheriff, night warden and constable per parish. you would have to declare yourself if there was a crime. |
| what were some crimes in Medieval times? (History) | Murder, theft, battery and arson |
| what were the punishments in Medieval times? (History) | exile, death (but not as brutal, usually hanging or burning) and fines |
| what happens in the poem 'Nettles'? (English) | In Nettles, a father comforts his son after he's stung by nettles. Angry and protective, he destroys them, but soon realizes pain is unavoidable and he can’t shield his son from all future harm. |
| what is the name of a poem you have studied? (Irish) | An Blascaod Mór Anois |
| what is the name of a poet that wrote a poem you have studied? (Irish) | Máire Áine Nic Gearailt |
| what is the main theme of 'An Blascaod Mór Anois'? (Irish) | 'An Saol A Bhí Ann Fadó |
| what are the main feelings of 'An Blascaod Mór Anois'? (Irish) | Brón agus Grá |
| what is your favorite image from 'An Blascaod Mór Anois'? Why? (Irish) | the Naomhóge fishing on the sea because it is nice to think about |
| Did you like 'An Blascaod Mór Anois'? Why? (Irish) | yes, because it was interesting etc. |
| what were some poetic techniques used in 'An Blascaod Mór Anois'? (Irish) | rhyme, personification and metaphors |
| What is factorising? (Maths) | the reverse procedure to removing brackets (i.e. putting in brackets) |
| What is expanding? (Maths) | removing brackets |
| How do you take out the highest common factor? (Maths) | 1. find the HCF of all the terms making up the expression 2. put the HCF outside the brackets 3. divide each term by the HCF to find the factor inside the brackets |
| How do you factorise factors by grouping? (Maths) | 1. group into pairs with a common factor 2. take out the common factor in each pair seperately 3. take out the new common factor |
| how do you do quadratic trinomials? (Maths) | Example: Factor: x^2 + 5x + 6 Find two numbers that multiply to 6 and add to 5: → 2 and 3 So: x^2 + 5x + 6 = (x + 2)(x + 3) |
| what are quadratic trinomials? (Maths) | a sum in the form "x squared + yx + z" where x, y and z are all numbers |
| explain the term 'personal life cycle'. (Business) | The stages a person goes through in life, from birth to death, including financial needs and responsibilities at each stage. |
| what happens in a personal life cycle? (Business) | People experience changes like education, employment, marriage, retirement, and financial needs vary at each stage. |
| how do you draft a personal life cycle? (Business) | List key life stages (e.g., childhood, adolescence, working life, retirement), then identify expected events and financial needs. |
| how do you appreciate the need to plan finances for different stages of life? (Business) | By understanding that each life stage brings different expenses and income levels, helping to avoid debt and build savings. |
| what is an asset? (Business) | Anything of value owned by a person, such as property, cash, or investments. |
| what is a pension? (Business) | A fund where people save money during their working life to use after they retire. |
| what is a personal life cycle? (Business) | The stages a person goes through in life, from birth to death, including financial needs and responsibilities at each stage. |
| what is a will? (Business) | A legal document stating how a person’s assets should be distributed after death. |
| what is a consumer? (Business) | A person who buys goods or services for personal use. |
| how can I be a wise consumer? (Business) | By comparing prices, reading labels, checking guarantees, and knowing your rights. |
| outline the responsibilities of a consumer. (Business) | To be informed, keep receipts, use goods correctly, and avoid waste. |
| what are your rights as a consumer? (Business) | The right to quality goods, accurate information, redress, and protection from unfair practices. |
| describe the redress available if a good is faulty or a service is not up to standard. (Business) | You may be entitled to a repair, replacement, or refund. |
| how can you make a complaint backed up by knowledge of consumer laws? (Business) | By clearly stating the problem, showing a receipt, referring to the law (e.g., Sale of Goods Act), and requesting redress. |
| explain how relevant agencies can help resolve consumer complaints. (Business) | They offer advice, mediation, or take action on your behalf to resolve disputes. |
| what is a caveat emptor? (Business) | "Let the buyer beware" – the buyer is responsible for checking quality before purchase. |
| what is the Commission for Communications Regulation (ComReg)? (Business) | The Commission for Communications Regulation – it regulates telecoms, radio, and postal sectors in Ireland. |
| what is the Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU)? (Business) | The Commission for Regulation of Utilities – regulates energy and water services in Ireland. |
| what is the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC)? (Business) | The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission – protects consumers and promotes fair competition. |
| what is a consumer? (Business) | A person who buys goods or services for personal use. |
| what is the Consumers' Association of Ireland? (Business) | An independent body that informs and defends consumers’ rights. |
| what is a cooling-off period? (Business) | A short time (usually 14 days) after buying something online or by phone when you can cancel and get a refund. |
| what is a credit note? (Business) | A document issued instead of a refund, allowing you to buy something else from the same store. |
| what is the European Consumer Centre (ECC) Ireland? (Business) | European Consumer Centre Ireland – helps resolve disputes between consumers and traders in different EU countries. |
| what is an extended warranty? (Business) | A paid-for guarantee that covers repair or replacement of a product beyond the standard warranty period. |
| what is the Financial Services and Pensions Ombudsman? (Business) | An office that investigates complaints about financial and pension services. |
| what does fit for purpose mean? (Business) | The good must do what it’s supposed to do. |
| what is are goods? (Business) | Physical items that can be bought, such as food, clothes, or electronics. |
| what is a guarantee? (Business) | A promise from the seller or manufacturer to repair or replace a faulty product within a certain time. |
| what is merchantable quality? (Business) | The product must be of reasonable quality and fit for normal use. |
| what is the Office of the Ombudsman? (Business) | An independent body that investigates complaints against public services in Ireland. |
| what is an own label? (Business) | Products sold under the store’s brand rather than the manufacturer’s name. |
| what is a redress? (Business) | Compensation or remedy when a consumer is wronged (refund, repair, or replacement). |
| what is a repair? (Business) | Fixing a faulty item so it works properly. |
| what is a replacement? (Business) | Swapping a faulty product for a new one. |
| what is a retailer? (Business) | A business or person who sells goods directly to consumers. |
| what is a service? (Business) | Work done for a consumer, such as hairdressing or car repair. |
| what is the Small Claims Procedure? (Business) | A way for consumers to resolve disputes (under €2,000) cheaply without a solicitor. |
| what are unfair commercial practices? (Business) | Misleading, aggressive, or dishonest business tactics used to trick consumers. |
| explain what morality is. (Religion) | Morality is the set of principles or rules that help people decide what is right and wrong. |
| identify the ways in which we learn about morality. (Religion) | We learn morality through family, religion, culture, laws, education, and life experiences. |
| what does it mean to be moral? (Religion) | Being moral means choosing to do what is right, fair, and respectful of others. |
| describe a moral decision-making process. (Religion) | 1. Identify the issue. 2. Consider the options. 3. Think about the consequences. 4. Reflect on values. 5. Make a decision. |
| what is morality? (Religion) | Morality is about understanding the difference between good and bad behavior and making choices based on that understanding. |
| what is a moral? (Religion) | A moral is a lesson about right and wrong, often taught through stories or experiences. |
| what does immoral mean? (Religion) | Immoral means doing something that goes against accepted moral principles or is considered wrong. |
| what is karma? (Religion) | Karma is the belief that good or bad actions lead to future consequences, either in this life or the next. (Found in Hinduism and Buddhism) |
| what is empathy? (Religion) | Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person’s feelings or experiences. |
| what is a conscience? (Religion) | Conscience is the inner sense of what is right or wrong that guides a person’s actions and decisions. |
| where does Hinduism look for it's unique moral vision? (Religion) | In the Vedas, Upanishads, and laws of karma and dharma. |
| where does Judaism look for it's unique moral vision? (Religion) | In the Torah and Ten Commandments, as well as teachings from the Talmud. |
| where does Buddhism look for it's unique moral vision? (Religion) | In the Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, and teachings of the Buddha. |
| where does Christianity look for it's unique moral vision? (Religion) | In the Bible, especially the teachings of Jesus (e.g., Sermon on the Mount, Ten Commandments). |
| where does Islam look for it's unique moral vision? (Religion) | In the Qur’an, Hadith (sayings of Prophet Muhammad), and Five Pillars of Islam. |
| what are the main influences on a person's moral system? (Religion) | family, friends, school, laws, media and religion |
| I am interested in (German) | Ich interessiere mich für |
| hate (German) | hassen |
| love (German) | lieben |
| to see (German) | sehen |
| to read (German) | lesen |
| is mad about (German) | ist verrückt nach |
| best (German) | am liebsten |
| prefer (German) | lieber |
| really like (German) | sehr gern |
| quite like (German) | ziemlich gern |
| like (German) | gern |
| do not like (German) | nicht gern |
| do not like at all (German) | gar nicht gern |
| documentaries (German) | die Dokumentarfilme |
| cooking shows (German) | die Kochsendungen |
| comedies (German) | die Komödien |
| thrillers (German) | die Thriller |
| romantic films (German) | die Liebesfilme |
| music shows (German) | die Musiksendungen |
| news (German) | die Nachrichten |
| soap operas (German) | die Seifenopern |
| series (German) | die Serien |
| sport shows (German) | die Sportsendungen |
| because they are fun (German) | die Zeichentrickfilme |
| cartoons (German) | Zeichenfilm |
| books (German) | die Bücher |
| stories (German) | die Geschichten |
| thrillers (German) | die Krimis |
| romantic novels (German) | die Liebesromane |
| novels (German) | die Romane |
| non-fiction books (German) | die Sachbücher |
| magazines (German) | die Zeitschriften |
| newspapers (German) | die Zeitungen |
| because they are (German) | denn sie sind |
| dramatic (German) | dramatisch |
| fantastic (German) | fantastisch |
| terrible (German) | schrecklich |
| brilliant (German) | genial |
| scary (German) | gruselig |
| informative (German) | informativ |
| interesting (German) | interessant |
| boring (German) | langweilig |
| funny (German) | lustig |
| romantic (German) | romantisch |
| sentimental (German) | sentimental |
| exciting (German) | spannend |
| super (German) | super |
| great (German) | toll |
| sad (German) | traurig |
| entertaining (German) | unterhaltsam |
| to listen to (German) | hören |
| to play (German) | spielen |
| to like (German) | mögen |
| hip hop (German) | der Hip-Hop |
| classical music (German) | klassische Musik |
| pop (German) | die Popmusik |
| rap (German) | der Rap |
| rock (German) | die Rockmusik |
| dance music (German) | die Tanzmusik |
| traditional Irish music (German) | traditionelle irische Musik |
| acordeon (German) | das Akkordeon |
| tin whistle (German) | die Blechflöte |
| electric guitar (German) | die E-Gitarre |
| flute (German) | die Flöte |
| violin (German) | die Geige |
| guitar (German) | die Gitarre |
| harp (German) | die Harfe |
| clarinette (German) | die Klarinette |
| piano (German) | das Klavier |
| saxofone (German) | das Saxophon |
| drums (German) | das Schlagzeug |
| trumpet (German) | die Trompete |
| the music (German) | die Musik |
| the instrument (German) | das Instrument |
| to sound (German) | klingen |
| too (German) | zu |
| relaxing (German) | entspannend |
| melodic (German) | melodisch |
| bad (German) | schlecht |
| sad (German) | traurig |
| when to use a séimhiúi? (Irish) | after: ar de do faoi ó roimh don mo do trí numbers 1-6 nuair a má sa ró an |
| when to use an úrú? (Irish) | after: ag an ar an as an chuig an faoin i ón tríd an thar an roimh an leis an dá ár a |
| what are secondary economic activities? (Geography) | Activities that involve making products from raw materials, e.g., manufacturing and construction. |
| what influences the location of a factory? (Geography) | Raw materials, transport, labour supply, markets, government policy, services, and energy. |
| what are the inputs of secondary economic activities? (Geography) | Raw materials, labour, capital, and energy used to produce goods. |
| what are the processes of secondary economic activities? (Geography) | The actions or stages that turn raw materials into finished products (e.g., assembling, mixing, packaging). |
| what are the outputs of secondary economic activities? (Geography) | The finished products and waste produced from the process. |
| what are the types of manufacturing industry? (Geography) | Light industry, heavy industry, footloose industry, and multinational corporations (MNCs). |
| what are heavy industries? (Geography) | Industries that use bulky raw materials and produce heavy products, e.g., steel, shipbuilding. |
| what are footloose industries? (Geography) | Industries that are not tied to any specific location and can move easily, e.g., tech companies. |
| what are conflict industries (Geography) | Industries that are linked to political conflict, resource disputes, or environmental concerns. |
| what are multinational corporations? (Geography) | Large companies that operate in multiple countries, e.g., Apple, Google, Toyota. |
| explain RUSAL Auginish Alumina. (Geography) | A heavy industry in Limerick that refines bauxite into alumina, used to make aluminium. |
| what are the inputs, processes and outputs of RUSAL Auginish Alumina? (Geography) | Inputs: Bauxite, energy, labour. Processes: Crushing, refining. Outputs: Alumina, waste (red mud). |
| what is a light industry? (Geography) | Industries that produce small, light products like electronics or clothing. |
| what are the reasons for Apple's location in Ireland? (Geography) | Low corporation tax, skilled workforce, access to EU market, government support, English-speaking country. |
| what are the positives and negatives of the incinerator in Dublin? (Geography) | Positive: Reduces landfill, generates electricity, creates jobs, provides district heating. Negative: Air pollution, traffic, local opposition, health concerns. |
| what is narrative structure? (English) | The framework of a story, including the beginning (exposition), middle (rising action, climax), and end (falling action, resolution). |
| what is the protagonist and antagonist? (English) | Protagonist: The main character. Antagonist: The character or force in conflict with the protagonist. |
| what is dialogue? (English) | The spoken words between characters in a story, used to reveal character and advance the plot. |
| what is a theme? (English) | The central idea or message in a literary work, often about life, society, or human nature. |
| what is irony? (English) | A contrast between what is expected and what actually happens — often used for humor or emphasis. |
| what is classic literary fiction? (English) | Fiction known for lasting literary value, complex characters, and deep themes — e.g., works by Jane Austen or Charles Dickens. |
| what is historical fiction? (English) | A genre where the story is set in the past and often includes real historical events or figures. |
| what is descriptive writing? (English) | Writing that uses vivid language and sensory details to create a strong image or atmosphere. |
| what is fantasy fiction? (English) | A genre featuring magical or supernatural elements, often set in imaginary worlds. |
| what is live storytelling? (English) | The act of telling a story aloud to an audience, often using voice, movement, and expression. |
| what is a dual narrator? (English) | A story told from the perspectives of two different narrators, offering multiple viewpoints. |
| what is narrator reliability? (English) | Refers to whether a narrator can be trusted — an unreliable narrator may mislead the reader. |
| what are literary techniques? (English) | Tools authors use to enhance their writing, such as metaphor, simile, foreshadowing, and irony. |
| what is symbolism? (English) | Using symbols (objects, colors, etc.) to represent deeper meanings or ideas in a story. |
| what is foreshadowing? (English) | A hint or clue about what will happen later in the story. |
| what is personification? (English) | Giving human qualities to non-human things (e.g., "the wind whispered through the trees"). |
| what is motif? (English) | A recurring element (image, word, idea) that supports the theme of a story. |
| what is exposition? (English) | The part of a story that introduces the setting, characters, and basic situation — usually at the beginning. |
| what is acid? (Science) | A substance that has a pH less than 7 and can donate hydrogen ions (H⁺). Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red. |
| what is a base? (Science) | A substance that has a pH greater than 7 and can accept hydrogen ions. Bases feel slippery and turn red litmus paper blue. |
| what is an indicator ? (Science) | A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base, used to determine pH. |
| what does corrosive mean ? (Science) | A property of a substance that can destroy or damage other materials it comes into contact with, especially living tissue or metals. |
| what does neutral mean? (Science) | A solution with a pH of 7, which is neither acidic nor basic (e.g., pure water). |
| what does classify mean ? (Science) | To sort or group things based on their shared characteristics or properties. |
| what does acid do to litmus? (Science) | It turns blue litmus paper red. |
| what do bases do to litmus? (Science) | They turn red litmus paper blue. |
| what is an alkali? (Science) | A base that is soluble in water, forming hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution. |
| what does the pH scale do? (Science) | It measures how acidic or basic a substance is. |
| what do the numbers on a pH scale mean? (Science) | They range from 0 to 14: 0–6 = acidic, 7 = neutral, 8–14 = basic (alkaline). |
| what is pH measured with? (Science) | pH is measured with indicators (like litmus or universal indicator), pH paper, or a digital pH meter. |
| for breakfast (German) | zum Frühstück |
| in the mornings (German) | morgens |
| at 7 o'clock (German) | um sieben Uhr |
| at 8 o'clock (German) | um acht Uhr |
| every day (German) | jeden Tag |
| every morning (German) | jeden Morgen |
| then (German) | dann |
| afterwards (German) | danach |
| normally (German) | normalerweise |
| sometimes (German) | manchmal |
| to eat (German) | essen |
| to pack (German) | packen |
| to leave (German) | verlassen |
| the alarm rings (German) | der Wecker klingelt |
| I eat breakfast (German) | ich frühstücke |
| to shower (German) | duschen |
| to apply make-up (German) | schminken |
| to wash (German) | waschen |
| to hurry (German) | beeilen |
| to dress (German) | anziehen |
| to brush (German) | bürsten |
| to dry (with a hairdryer) (German) | föhnen |
| to straighten (German) | glätten |
| to comb (German) | kämmen |
| to wash (German) | waschen |
| to get up (German) | aufstehen |
| to wake up (German) | aufwachen |
| toast with jam (German) | Toast mit Marmelade |
| eggs and bacon (German) | Eier mit Speck |
| sausages (German) | Würstchen |
| a bowl of cereal with milk (German) | eine Schale Müsli mit Milch |
| a glass of water (German) | ein Glas Wasser |
| a cup of tea (German) | eine Tasse Tee |
| juice (German) | Saft |
| my school bag (German) | meine Schultasche |
| the house (German) | das Haus |
| myself (German) | mich |
| my uniform (German) | meine Uniform |
| teeth (German) | Zähne |
| hair (German) | Haare |
| face (German) | Gesicht |
| hands (German) | Hände |
| at... o'clock (German) | um ... Uhr |
| at lunch (German) | zum Mittagessen |
| before school (German) | vor der Schule |
| after school (German) | nach der Schule |
| at midday / lunchtime (German) | mittags |
| in the afternoons (German) | nachmittags |
| begins (German) | beginnt |
| ends (German) | endet |
| class (German) | der Unterricht |
| the lunch break (German) | die Mittagspause |
| the first class (German) | die erste Stunde |
| the last class (German) | die letzte Stunde |
| a short break (German) | eine kleine Pause |
| end of school (German) | Schulschluss |
| I talk to (German) | ich rede mit |
| in the school canteen (German) | in der Schulkantine |
| outside (German) | draußen |
| inside (German) | drinnen |
| on the schoolyard (German) | auf dem Schulhof |
| in the sports hall (German) | in der Turnhalle |
| in the classroom (German) | im Klassenzimmer |
| in the library (German) | in der Bibliothek |
| an apple (German) | ein Apfel |
| a bread roll (German) | ein Brötchen |
| a cheese sandwich (German) | ein Käsebrot |
| biscuits (German) | Kekse |
| my sandwich (German) | mein Sandwich |
| juice (German) | Saft |
| a bottle of water (German) | eine Flasche Wasser |
| home (German) | nach Hause |
| on Saturday (late) morning (German) | am Samstagvormittag |
| to rain (German) | regnen |
| to meet (German) | treffen |
| to use (German) | benutzen |
| to surf (the internet) (German) | im Internet surfen |
| to send (German) | schicken |
| the internet (German) | das Internet |
| social media (German) | soziale Medien |
| messages (German) | Nachrichten |
| on foot (German) | zu Fuß |
| by bus / bike / car (German) | mit dem Bus / Fahrrad / Auto |
| to training (German) | zum Training |
| in order to relax (German) | um sich zu entspannen |
| although it is boring (German) | obwohl es langweilig ist |
| Explain Nelson Mandela's Background. (Religion) | Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in the village of Mvezo, in South Africa. He belonged to the Thembu royal family of the Xhosa nation. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela's Early life. (Religion) | Mandela grew up in the rural village of Qunu, raised in a traditional African setting. He was the first in his family to attend school. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela's Younger years. (Religion) | As a young man, Mandela studied law at the University of Fort Hare and later in Johannesburg. He became politically active against apartheid. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela's time in prison. (Religion) | Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years (1962–1990) for his anti-apartheid activities. Most of his sentence was served on Robben Island. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela as president. (Religion) | Elected in 1994, Mandela became South Africa’s first black president. He led efforts for reconciliation and helped transition from apartheid rule. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela's Death and Legacy. (Religion) | Mandela died in 2013 at age 95. He is remembered as a global icon of peace, justice, and reconciliation, and a symbol of the anti-apartheid fight. |
| Explain Nelson Mandela. (Religion) | Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first black president (1994–1999), led efforts to end apartheid and promote unity. He also led the ANC (1991–1997) and was known for his nationalist and socialist ideals. |
| what were the long-term causes of the American revolution? (History) | Long-term causes included British taxation policies, lack of American representation in Parliament, colonial desire for independence, and British mercantilism. |
| what were the short-term causes of the American revolution? (History) | Short-term causes included the Stamp Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, and Intolerable Acts. |
| what was the age of enlightenment? (History) | A cultural and intellectual movement in the 17th-18th centuries emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority. |
| what were the British restrictions on American trade? (History) | Laws like the Navigation Acts limited colonial trade to benefit Britain, restricting who the colonies could trade with and what goods they could export. |
| what was the seven years' war? (History) | A global conflict (1756–1763) between Britain and France, also called the French and Indian War in America, which led Britain to tax colonies to pay war debts. |
| what was 'no taxation without representation'? (History) | A slogan expressing American colonists' belief that they should not be taxed by the British Parliament without having elected representatives in it. |
| what was the Boston massacre? (History) | A 1770 incident where British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation in Boston, fueling anti-British sentiments. |
| what was the Boston tea party? (History) | A 1773 protest where colonists disguised as Native Americans dumped British tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act. |
| what were the continental congresses? (History) | Meetings of colonial representatives (1774 and 1775-1789) that coordinated resistance against Britain and eventually governed during the Revolution. |
| what were the battles of Lexington and Concord? (History) | The first military engagements of the American Revolution in 1775, marking the start of armed conflict between Britain and the colonies. |
| what is revolution? (History) | A fundamental and rapid change in political power or organizational structures, often through rebellion or uprising. |
| what was the enlightenment? (History) | See Age of Enlightenment — a movement promoting reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and monarchy. |
| what is a miltia? (History) | A group of ordinary citizens trained to fight in emergencies, often used in colonial America for local defense. |
| what is a constitution? (History) | A set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or organization is governed. |
| what is a federal republic? (History) | A system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, with elected representatives. |
| summarise the American revolution. (History) | A colonial revolt (1775-1783) where the 13 American colonies fought Britain to gain independence, resulting in the creation of the United States of America. |
| where were the British defeated in the American Revolution? (History) | Major British defeats occurred at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781), which were turning points leading to American victory |
| what happened to other nations as a result of the American revolution? (History) | The revolution inspired other countries, notably France, to pursue their own revolutions and independence movements. |
| what do you need to talk about in the Irish blog? (As of September, big '25) (Irish) | intro, age, type of person you are, favourite movie + tv show, favourite type of music, favourite past times, favourite celebrity, thing you like the most, thing you put the most effort into, outro |
| describe Ponyboy from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Ponyboy is the 14-year-old narrator and protagonist. He is thoughtful, intelligent, and sensitive, with a love for books, movies, and sunsets. |
| describe Sodapop from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Sodapop is Ponyboy’s 16-year-old brother. He’s handsome, charming, fun-loving, and acts as a peacemaker in the family. |
| describe Darry from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Darry is Ponyboy’s oldest brother. At 20, he’s responsible, strict, and works hard to support the family after their parents' death. |
| describe Two-Bit Matthews from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Two-Bit is a wise-cracking Greaser known for his sense of humor, switchblade, and loyalty to his friends. |
| describe Dally from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Dally (Dallas Winston) is tough, rebellious, and street-smart. He has a criminal record and hides a soft spot for Johnny. |
| describe Johnny from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Johnny is shy, sensitive, and considered the “gang’s pet.” He suffers from abuse at home and finds comfort in his friendship with Ponyboy. |
| describe Steve from the novel 'The Outsiders'. (English) | Steve is Sodapop’s best friend. He’s smart and skilled with cars but doesn’t get along well with Ponyboy. |
| summarise 'The Outsiders'. (English) | The Outsiders is about two rival groups, the Greasers and the Socs, and focuses on Ponyboy, a Greaser, as he struggles with identity, violence, and loss. |
| how do you say 'to' when talking about time? (German) | vor |
| how do you say 'past' when talking about time? (German) | nach |
| how do you say 'half past' when talking about time? (German) | you would (instead of how English works) say that it is half to an hour; for example, the English 'half twelve' would be 'halb eines' in German. |
| what is photosynthesis? (Science) | The process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make their own food (glucose). |
| what is chlorophyll? (Science) | A green pigment in plants that captures light energy needed for photosynthesis. |
| what is a chloroplast? (Science) | A structure in plant cells where photosynthesis happens. |
| what is the carbon cycle? (Science) | The continuous movement of carbon through the atmosphere, plants, animals, and the Earth. |
| what is a process? (Science) | A series of steps or actions that lead to a result or change. |
| what is a chemical? (Science) | A substance made up of elements or compounds with specific properties. |
| what does biological mean? (Science) | Related to living organisms or life processes. |
| what does photosynthesis do? (Science) | It produces food (glucose) for plants, releases oxygen into the atmosphere and keeps carbon dioxide levels low. |
| what is released during photosynthesis that is needed by most organisms on Earth? (Science) | Oxygen |
| what reacts in the process of photosynthesis? (Science) | Carbon dioxide and water react using sunlight. |
| what is required for photosynthesis? (Science) | Sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll. |
| what type of process is photosynthesis? (Science) | A biological and chemical process. |
| what can affect photosynthesis? (Science) | Light intensity, carbon dioxide levels, temperature, and water availability. |
| define the term 'enterprise'. (Business) | The act of taking initiative and a risk to set up a project or business. |
| identify and illustrate enterprise in personal life, school, government and business. (Business) | Personal: Starting a blog; School: Organizing a fundraiser; Government: Launching a public health campaign; Business: Creating a new product line. |
| outline the characteristics and skills of an entrepreneur. (Business) | Creative, confident, risk-taker, resilient, good communicator, problem-solver, leadership, decision-making. |
| profile an entrepreneur. (Business) | Example: Elon Musk – innovative, risk-taker, founded Tesla and SpaceX, pushes boundaries in tech and energy. |
| what are the rewards and risks of being an entrepreneur? (Business) | Rewards: Profit, independence, personal satisfaction. Risks: Financial loss, stress, business failure. |
| identify the reasons for starting a business? (Business) | Independence, passion, solving a problem, financial gain, spotting a market opportunity. |
| what is the role of an entrepreneur in an organisation? (Business) | They drive innovation, take initiative, and manage resources to create or improve goods/services. |
| what is the role played by entrepreneurs in society and the economy? (Business) | Job creation, innovation, economic growth, improving standards of living. |
| identify and explain internal and external sources of new product or service ideas. (Business) | Internal: Staff suggestions, R&D, customer feedback. External: Market trends, competitors, media. |
| explain the stages in the new product development process. (Business) | 1. Idea generation, 2. Idea screening, 3. Concept development, 4. Feasibility study, 5. Prototype, 6. Test marketing, 7. Launch. |
| what is brainstorming? (Business) | A creative thinking method where a group generates many ideas quickly without criticism. |
| what is an enterprise? (Business) | A project or activity that involves risk and initiative, especially in business. |
| what is an entrepreneur? (Business) | A person who starts and runs a business, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit. |
| what is a feasibility study? (Business) | A study to assess if a business idea is practical, legal, and financially viable. |
| what is an import substitution? (Business) | Replacing imported goods with domestically produced goods to support local industry. |
| what does innovative mean? (Business) | Introducing new ideas, methods, or products that improve existing solutions. |
| what is an intrapreneur? (Business) | An employee who acts like an entrepreneur within an organisation to develop new ideas or products. |
| what is market research? (Business) | The process of gathering information about customers' needs and market trends. |
| what is a prototype? (Business) | A working model of a product used for testing and feedback before final production. |
| what is a risk taker? (Business) | A person who is willing to take chances, especially in business, despite the possibility of loss. |
| what is test marketing? (Business) | Releasing a product to a limited audience to gather feedback before a full launch. |
| what is a USP (Unique Selling Point? (Business) | The feature that makes a product or service different and better than competitors. |
| how do you do long division in algebra? (Maths) | 1. divide 2.multiply by everything in the bracket 3.subtract (multiply by -1) 4. bring down 5. start again |
| january (Irish) | Eanáir |
| february (Irish) | Feabhra |
| march (Irish) | Márta |
| april (Irish) | Aibreán |
| may (Irish) | Bealtaine |
| june (Irish) | Meitheamh |
| july (Irish) | Iúil |
| august (Irish) | Lúnasa |
| september (Irish) | Meán Fómhair |
| october (Irish) | Deireadh Fómhair |
| november (Irish) | Samhain |
| december (Irish) | Nollaig |
| metre (Irish) | Méadar |
| centimetre (Irish) | Ceintiméadar |
| aunt (Irish) | Aintín |
| uncle (Irish) | Uncail |
| tall (Irish) | Ard |
| small (Irish) | Beag |
| thin (Irish) | Caol |
| fat (Irish) | Ramhar |
| handsome / pretty (Irish) | Dathúil / Álainn |
| talkative (Irish) | Caintach |
| quiet (Irish) | Ciúin |
| happy (Irish) | Sásta |
| sad (Irish) | Brónach |
| cranky (Irish) | Cancrach |
| pleasant (Irish) | Lách |
| sporty (Irish) | Spórtúil |
| lazy (Irish) | Leisciúil |
| clever (Irish) | Cliste |
| interesting (Irish) | Suimiúil |
| boring (Irish) | Leadránach |
| understanding (Irish) | Tuisceanach |
| generous (Irish) | Fial |
| what are the beliefs about the divine in Judaism? (Religion) | Judaism is monotheistic. Jews believe in one, indivisible, and eternal God (Yahweh) who is the creator and ruler of the universe. |
| what are the beliefs about the divine in Christianity? (Religion) | Christianity is monotheistic. Christians believe in one God who exists in three persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit (the Trinity). |
| what are the beliefs about the divine in Islam? (Religion) | Islam is monotheistic. Muslims believe in one, all-powerful, compassionate God (Allah) who is the sole creator and ruler of the universe. |
| what are the beliefs about the divine in Hinduism? (Religion) | Hinduism is both polytheistic and monotheistic. It recognizes many gods and goddesses, but also a single supreme reality (Brahman) that all deities are aspects of. |
| what are the beliefs about the divine in Buddhism? (Religion) | Buddhism generally does not focus on a creator god. Instead, it emphasizes personal spiritual development and the pursuit of enlightenment. |
| where do beliefs about the divine in Judaism come from? (Religion) | From the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), especially the Torah, and Jewish tradition. |
| where do beliefs about the divine in Christianity come from? (Religion) | From the Bible, including the Old and New Testaments, especially the teachings of Jesus. |
| where do beliefs about the divine in Buddhism come from? (Religion) | From the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) and sacred texts like the Tripitaka. |
| where do beliefs about the divine in Islam come from? (Religion) | From the Qur’an, believed to be the literal word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad. |
| where do beliefs about the divine in Hinduism come from? (Religion) | From ancient texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics such as the Bhagavad Gita. |
| what is the understanding of the divine in Judaism? (Religion) | God is one, transcendent, eternal, and involved in the world and human affairs. |
| what is the understanding of the divine in Christianity? (Religion) | God is a Trinity – one essence in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. |
| what is the understanding of the divine in Islam? (Religion) | God (Allah) is one, merciful, all-powerful, and beyond human comprehension. |
| what is the understanding of the divine in Hinduism? (Religion) | The divine can take many forms (gods and goddesses), but all are part of Brahman. |
| what is the understanding of the divine in Buddhism? (Religion) | The divine is not central. Enlightenment and understanding of reality are the goals. |
| what does theism mean? (Religion) | Belief in the existence of a god or gods, especially a creator who intervenes in the universe. |
| what does atheism mean? (Religion) | Disbelief or lack of belief in the existence of any god or gods. |
| what does agnosticism mean? (Religion) | The belief that the existence of God or the divine is unknown or unknowable. |
| what does trimurti mean? (Religion) | In Hinduism, the Trimurti is the three principal gods: Brahma (creator), Vishnu (preserver), and Shiva (destroyer). |
| what does trinity mean? (Religion) | In Christianity, the Trinity is the belief in one God in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. |
| what are financial enterprises? (Business) | Businesses that aim to make a profit by providing goods or services. |
| what are cultural enterprises? (Business) | Organizations focused on promoting, preserving, or creating cultural activities (e.g., art, music, heritage). |
| what are social enterprises? (Business) | Businesses that aim to address social or environmental issues while making a profit or remaining financially sustainable. |
| what are the key features of a financial enterprise? (Business) | Profit-driven, customer-focused, competitive, aims to grow financially. |
| what are the key features of a cultural enterprise (Business) | Promotes culture, often nonprofit or community-based, can involve arts and heritage. |
| what are the key features of a social enterprise? (Business) | Focus on social/environmental goals, reinvest profits, often community-based. |
| what is the role played by a financial enterprise in society? (Business) | Creates jobs, contributes to the economy, provides goods/services, pays taxes. |
| what is the role played by a cultural enterprise in society? (Business) | Preserves culture, supports artists, enriches communities, educates the public. |
| what is the role played by a social enterprise in society? (Business) | Tackles social problems, supports vulnerable groups, promotes sustainability. |
| what is a commercial enterprise? (Business) | A business that operates to make a profit from goods or services sold. |
| what is a cultural enterprise? (Business) | A business or organization that promotes cultural expression and heritage. |
| what is economic growth? (Business) | The increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over time. |
| what is a financial enterprise? (Business) | A business whose main aim is to earn profit (e.g., retail store, tech company). |
| what does not-for-profit? (Business) | An organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals rather than distributing them as profit. |
| what is a social enterprise? (Business) | A business that puts people and the planet before profit, using business methods to achieve social goals. |
| what is the accurate word order in German? (German) | say the time it happened, how and where, in that order. |
| although (German) | obwohl |
| weather (German) | wetter |
| to rain (German) | regnen |
| what is a confluence? (Geography) | The point where two rivers meet. |
| what is a source? (Geography) | The beginning or start of a river, usually in high land. |
| what is a drainage basin? (Geography) | The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. |
| what is an estuary? (Geography) | The wide mouth of a river where it meets the sea, mixing fresh and salt water. |
| what is a mouth? (Geography) | The end of a river where it flows into a sea, lake, or ocean. |
| what is a watershed? (Geography) | The boundary between two drainage basins, usually a ridge or high land. |
| what is a tributary? (Geography) | A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger one. |
| what are the common features of rivers? (Geography) | Source, tributary, confluence, channel, meander, waterfall, mouth, estuary. |
| what are the processes of deposition? (Geography) | When a river loses energy and drops the material it was carrying. |
| what are the landforms of erosion in rivers? (Geography) | Waterfalls, gorges, V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs. |
| what are the stages of a river? (Geography) | Upper course (erosion), middle course (transportation), lower course (deposition). |
| what are the parts of a waterfall? (Geography) | Plunge pool, overhang, hard rock, soft rock, gorge (formed over time). |
| how are people connected to rivers? (Geography) | For water, transport, farming, recreation, settlement, energy (hydroelectric power). |
| what are the processes of transportation? (Geography) | Traction, saltation, suspension, solution — how material is carried by the river. |
| what are the processes of erosion? (Geography) | Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition, solution — how the river wears away land. |
| what are the landforms of erosion and deposition? (Geography) | Meanders and oxbow lakes (formed by both erosion and deposition). |
| what are the landforms of deposition? (Geography) | Floodplains, levees, deltas, slip-off slopes. |
| what is energy? (Science) | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| when is work done? (Science) | When a force moves an object over a distance. |
| what is respiration? (Science) | A process in cells that releases energy from glucose. |
| what is aerobic respiration? (Science) | Respiration that uses oxygen to release energy from glucose. |
| what is anaerobic respiration? (Science) | Respiration without oxygen, producing less energy and lactic acid. |
| what is a factor? (Science) | Something that can affect a process or outcome. |
| is respiration a chemical or physical process and why? (Science) | Chemical — because it involves breaking and forming bonds to release energy. |
| what happens in aerobic respiration? (Science) | Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy. |
| what happens in anaerobic respiration? (Science) | Glucose → lactic acid + a small amount of energy. |
| what is the rate of respiration affected by? (Science) | Temperature, oxygen levels, glucose availability, and enzyme activity. |
| I dislike (German) | Ich mag nicht |
| my favourite subject is (German) | Mein Lieblingsfach ist |
| business (German) | Wirtschaft |
| geography (German) | Geographie |
| foreign languages (German) | Fremdsprachen |
| history (German) | Geschichte |
| SPHE (German) | Sozial‑, Persönlichkeits‑ und Gesundheitsbildung (or use a German equivalent you prefer) |
| home economics (German) | Hauswirtschaft |
| woodwork (German) | Holzarbeit |
| IT (German) | Informatik |
| art (German) | Informatik |
| the sciences (German) | die Naturwissenschaften |
| languages (German) | Sprachen |
| technical graphics (German) | Technisches Zeichnen |
| wellbeing (German) | Wohlbefinden (or Wohlbefahrt, je nach Kontext) |
| complicated (German) | kompliziert |
| logical (German) | logisch |
| useful (German) | nützlich |
| practical (German) | praktisch |
| hard (German) | schwer |
| difficult (German) | schwierig |
| pencil case (German) | Federmäppchen |
| iPad (German) | iPad (same word, capitalised in German usage) |
| charger (German) | Ladegerät |
| ruler (German) | Lineal |
| tablet (German) | Tablet |
| money (German) | Geld |
| phone (German) | Telefon |
| homework journal (German) | Hausaufgabenheft |
| file (German) | Aktenordner / Mappe |
| scissors (German) | Schere |
| travel ticket (German) | Fahrkarte |
| lunch box (German) | Brotdose |
| water bottle (German) | Wasserflasche |
| computer (German) | Computer (same word in German) |
| pencil (German) | Bleistift |
| colouring pencil (German) | Buntstift |
| marker (German) | Marker / Filzstift |
| fountain pen (German) | Füllfederhalter |
| laptop (German) | Laptop |
| glue stick (German) | Klebestift |
| pen (German) | Stift |
| folder (German) | Ordner / Mappe |
| rubber (German) | Radiergummi |
| pencil sharpener (German) | Spitzer / Anspitzer |
| calculator (German) | Taschenrechner |
| compass (German) | Zirkel |
| earphones (German) | Kopfhörer |
| keys (German) | Schlüssel |
| books (German) | Bücher |
| copies (German) | Hefte |
| first floor (German) | Erdgeschoss |
| second floor (German) | zweite Etage |
| modern (German) | modern |
| old (German) | alt |
| cosy (German) | gemütlich |
| spacious (German) | geräumig |
| happy (German) | glücklich |
| strict (German) | streng |
| football field (German) | Fußballfeld / Fußballplatz |
| building (German) | Gebäude |
| laboratory (German) | Labor / Laboratorium |
| staffroom (German) | Lehrerzimmer |
| secretary's office (German) | Sekretariat |
| atmosphere (German) | Atmosphäre |
| kitchen (German) | Küche |
| library (German) | Bibliothek |
| canteen (German) | Kantine |
| sports hall (German) | Sporthalle |
| basketball court (German) | Basketballplatz / Basketballfeld |
| art room (German) | Kunstraum |
| school yard (German) | Schulhof |
| sports ground (German) | Sportplatz |
| workshop (German) | Werkstatt |
| teacher (German) | Lehrer / Lehrerin |
| rules (German) | Regeln |
| students (German) | Schüler / Schülerinnen |
| shelf (German) | Regal |
| smartboard (German) | Smartboard |
| map (German) | Karte |
| board (German) | Tafel |
| door (German) | Tür |
| clock (German) | Uhr |
| projector (German) | Projektor / Beamer |
| office chair (German) | Bürostuhl |
| computer (German) | Computer |
| printer (German) | Drucker |
| laptop (German) | Laptop |
| loudspeaker (German) | Lautsprecher |
| cupboard (German) | Schrank |
| teacher's desk (German) | Lehrerpult / Lehrertisch |
| chair (German) | Stuhl |
| table (German) | Tisch |
| poster (German) | Poster |
| shelves (German) | Regale |
| classroom (German) | Klassenzimmer |
| should (German) | sollen |
| school corridor (German) | Schulflur / Flur |
| quiet (German) | ruhig |
| to respect (German) | respektieren |
| piercings (German) | Piercings |
| behave (German) | sich verhalten |
| raise hand (German) | die Hand heben |
| forbidden (German) | verboten |
| bullying (German) | Mobbing |
| chewing gum (German) | Kaugummi |
| not allowed (German) | nicht erlaubt |
| striped (German) | gestreift |
| ugly (German) | hässlich |
| chequered (German) | kariert |
| uncomfortable (German) | unbequem |
| shirt (German) | Hemd |
| polo shirt (German) | Polohemd |
| blouse (German) | Bluse |
| trousers (German) | Hose |
| jacket with the school crest (German) | Jacke mit dem Schullogo / Schulwappen |
| tie (German) | Krawatte |
| tracksuit bottoms (German) | Jogginghose |
| uniform (German) | Schuluniform |
| hoodie (German) | Kapuzenpullover / Hoodie |
| jumper with the school crest (German) | Pullover mit dem Schullogo |
| skirt (German) | Rock |
| blazer (German) | Blazer |
| socks (German) | Socken |
| shoes (German) | Schuhe |
| runners (German) | Turnschuhe |
| object (German) | Objekt |
| stone (German) | Stein |
| fight (German) | kämpfen |
| dangerous (German) | gefährlich |
| to get (German) | bekommen / erhalten |
| slowly (German) | langsam |
| to hurt (German) | verletzen |
| to throw (German) | werfen |
| what are simultaneous linear equations? (Maths) | A set of two or more linear equations with the same variables, solved together to find values that satisfy all equations at once. |
| how are simultaneous linear equations solved? (Maths) | You can solve them using substitution, elimination, or graphing to find the point where the equations intersect (common solution). |
| what is a natural number? (Maths) | A natural number is a positive whole number used for counting (1, 2, 3, ...). |
| what is an integer? (Maths) | An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero (..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...). |
| what is a rational number? (Maths) | A rational number is any number that can be written as a fraction (a/b), where a and b are integers and b ≠ 0. |
| what is an irrational number? (Maths) | An irrational number cannot be written as a simple fraction; it has non-repeating, non-terminating decimals (e.g., √2, π). |
| what is a real number? (Maths) | A real number is any number that is either rational or irrational; it includes all points on the number line. |
| what are natural numbers represented by? (Maths) | Natural numbers are represented by the symbol ℕ. |
| what are integers represented by? (Maths) | Integers are represented by the symbol ℤ. |
| what are rational numbers represented by? (Maths) | Rational numbers are represented by the symbol ℚ. |
| what are irrational numbers represented by? (Maths) | Irrational numbers don’t have a standard symbol but are usually expressed as ℝ \ ℚ (real numbers excluding rational numbers). |
| what are real numbers represented by? (Maths) | Real numbers are represented by the symbol ℝ. |
| what is a surd? (Maths) | A surd is an irrational root that cannot be simplified to a rational number (e.g., √2, √3). |
| differentiate between work, employment and volunteering. (Business) | Work is any productive activity with or without pay. Employment is paid work under an employer. Volunteering is unpaid work done willingly, usually to help others. |
| explain the benefits and rewards of work and employment. (Business) | Income, experience, personal satisfaction, social interaction, and career progression. |
| what are the different types of employment? (Business) | Full-time, part-time, fixed-term, casual, self-employed, job sharing, and flexitime. |
| explain the term 'unemployment'. (Business) | When people who are able and willing to work cannot find a job. |
| outline the reasons why people volunteer. (Business) | To help others, gain experience, feel useful, build skills, and give back to the community. |
| identify the benefits and rewards of volunteering to individuals, organisations and society. (Business) | Individuals gain skills and satisfaction; organisations get support; society benefits from stronger communities. |
| how do you identify careers relevant to your interests and subjects. (Business) | Match your skills, subjects you enjoy, and personal values to career options using tools like interest tests or career guidance. |
| what is a casual employee? (Business) | Someone who works irregular hours with no guarantee of ongoing work. |
| what is an employee? (Business) | A person hired by an employer to do paid work. |
| what is an employer? (Business) | A person or organisation that hires and pays employees. |
| what is a fixed-term employee? (Business) | An employee hired for a specific period or project. |
| what is flexitime? (Business) | A system where employees can choose their working hours within limits. |
| what is a full-time employee? (Business) | Someone who works the standard number of weekly hours, usually around 35–40. |
| what is job sharing? (Business) | Two people share one full-time job and split the hours. |
| what is a labour force? (Business) | All people of working age who are employed or actively looking for work. |
| what is a part-time employee? (Business) | An employee who works fewer hours than a full-time worker. |
| what does self-employed mean? (Business) | Working for yourself rather than for an employer. |
| what is unemployment? (Business) | A situation where people who are able to work can't find a job. |
| what is volunteering? (Business) | Doing unpaid work by choice, often to help others or support a cause. |
| what is work? (Business) | Any task or activity requiring effort to achieve a result, paid or unpaid. |
| what is the 1798 Irish Rebellion? (History) | A failed uprising led by the United Irishmen against British rule in Ireland. |
| what were the long-term causes of the 1798 Rebellion? (History) | British rule, Protestant Ascendancy, discrimination against Catholics and Dissenters, and Enlightenment ideas. |
| what were the short-term causes of the 1798 Rebellion? (History) | Government crackdowns, French Revolution influence, and the spread of revolutionary ideas. |
| describe how the 1798 Rebellion was a military disaster. (History) | Poor planning, lack of coordination, and brutal suppression by British forces led to defeat. |
| describe how the 1798 Rebellion went in County Wexford. (History) | It was the most active region, with initial rebel success, but it ended in defeat at Vinegar Hill. |
| what did the United Irishmen fight for and what did it cause as a result? (History) | They fought for Irish independence and equality; it led to violent rebellion and harsh repression. |
| what did the ideas of Wolfe Tone inspire? (History) | Irish republicanism and future uprisings for independence. |
| what was Protestant Ascendancy? (History) | Political, economic, and social dominance of Protestants in Ireland over Catholics and Dissenters. |
| what were Dissenters? (History) | Protestants who were not members of the Church of Ireland (e.g. Presbyterians) and faced discrimination. |
| what was physical force nationalism? (History) | The belief that violence was necessary to achieve Irish independence. |
| what is secretarianism? (History) | Hatred or conflict between different religious groups, especially between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland. |
| what is the importance of record-keeping in business? (Business) | It helps track income and expenses, supports decision-making, ensures legal compliance, and prepares accurate financial statements. |
| how do you identify and complete the documents used by businesses when buying and selling goods? (Business) | By understanding each document’s purpose (e.g., invoice, quotation) and filling in key details like dates, product descriptions, quantities, prices, and terms. |
| outline the procedures for dealing with incoming and outgoing business documents. (Business) | Check for accuracy, record details in the system, file appropriately, and follow up with necessary actions like payments or deliveries. |
| how do you analyse the information in business documents? (Business) | By reviewing figures, terms, and dates to ensure accuracy, spot trends or errors, and make informed business decisions. |
| what is bad debt? (Business) | Money owed to a business that is unlikely to be paid, often written off as a loss. |
| what is a bank reference? (Business) | A statement from a bank confirming a customer’s financial reliability and ability to meet payments. |
| what is cash discount? (Business) | A reduction in the invoice amount offered to buyers for early payment. |
| what is COD (cash on delivery)? (Business) | A payment method where the buyer pays for goods at the time of delivery. |
| what is a credit note? (Business) | A document issued to a buyer to reduce the amount owed due to returned goods or errors. |
| what is CWO (cash with order)? (Business) | Payment must be made in full at the time the order is placed. |
| what is a debit note? (Business) | A document sent to a seller indicating an amount the buyer is claiming back, often due to overcharges or returned goods. |
| what is E&OE (errors and omissions excepted)? (Business) | A disclaimer used on documents indicating the seller is not liable for small errors or omissions. |
| what is a delivery note? (Business) | A document that lists the goods delivered, used to confirm delivery and check items received. |
| what is invoice? (Business) | A bill issued by a seller to a buyer listing goods or services supplied and the amount due. |
| what is a letter of enquiry? (Business) | A document sent by a potential buyer to request information about goods, services, or terms. |
| what are payment terms? (Business) | The conditions under which a seller will complete a sale, including when payment is due. |
| what is a quotation? (Business) | A formal statement listing the price and terms for supplying goods or services. |
| what is receipt? (Business) | A document confirming payment has been received. |
| what is a statement of account? (Business) | A summary sent by the seller to a buyer showing all transactions and the amount owed over a period. |
| what is stock control? (Business) | The process of managing inventory to ensure the right amount of stock is available. |
| what are terms of sale? (Business) | Conditions under which a sale is made, including delivery, payment, and return policies. |
| what is a trade discount? (Business) | A price reduction given to customers in the same trade or industry. |
| what is a trade reference? (Business) | A reference provided by a supplier or business partner that indicates a buyer’s creditworthiness. |
| what is VAT? (Business) | A tax added to the price of goods and services, collected by businesses on behalf of the government. |
| what is the quadratic formula? (Maths) | The quadratic formula solves equations in the form: ax² + bx + c = 0 The solution is: x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / (2a) It finds the values of x that make the equation true. |
| what is prayer? (Religion) | Prayer is a way of communicating with God or a higher power, often through words, thoughts, or silence. |
| what is worship? (Religion) | Worship is the act of showing reverence and adoration for a deity through rituals, prayers, songs, or actions. |
| why are prayer and worship important to people with religious faith? (Religion) | They help believers build a relationship with the divine, find comfort, express gratitude, seek guidance, and strengthen their faith. |
| explain what prayer is. (Religion) | Prayer is a spiritual practice where individuals speak to or reflect on the divine, often asking for help, giving thanks, or seeking connection. |
| what are the four types of prayer? (Religion) | meditation, formal and informal prayer and vocal prayer |
| what is meditation? (Religion) | Meditation is a practice of quiet reflection or focus, often used to connect with the divine or reach inner peace. |
| what is formal prayer? (Religion) | Formal prayer follows a set structure or words, often used in religious services (e.g., the Lord’s Prayer). |
| what is informal prayer? (Religion) | Informal prayer is personal and spontaneous, using one's own words to speak with God. |
| what is vocal prayer? (Religion) | Vocal prayer is spoken aloud, alone or in a group, and can be formal or informal. |
| how do people pray in Christianity? (Religion) | Christians may pray aloud or silently, alone or in groups, using set prayers (like the Lord’s Prayer) or personal ones. |
| how do people pray in Islam? (Religion) | Muslims pray five times a day (Salat), facing Mecca, using specific physical movements and Quranic verses. |
| how do people pray in Judaism? (Religion) | Jews pray three times a day, often using Hebrew prayers from the Siddur, sometimes wearing specific garments like the kippah. |
| how do people pray in Hinduism? (Religion) | Hindus pray in temples or at home, using mantras, offerings, and rituals to honor various deities. |
| how do people pray in Buddhism? (Religion) | Buddhists use meditation, chanting mantras, and visual tools like mandalas to focus the mind and seek enlightenment. |
| what is a kippah? (Religion) | A small cap worn by Jewish men (and sometimes women) as a sign of respect and recognition of God’s presence. |
| what are tefillin? (Religion) | Small leather boxes containing Torah verses, worn by Jewish men during weekday morning prayers as a sign of faith. |
| what is a tallit? (Religion) | A Jewish prayer shawl with fringes (tzitzit) worn during prayer to remind wearers of God’s commandments. |
| what is salat? (Religion) | The five daily prayers in Islam, performed at set times with specific rituals and verses from the Quran. |
| what is adhan? (Religion) | The Islamic call to prayer, announcing the time for Salat, traditionally recited by a muezzin from a mosque. |
| what is a mantra? (Religion) | A sacred word or phrase repeated during prayer or meditation in Hinduism and Buddhism to aid concentration. |
| what is a mandala? (Religion) | A symbolic, often circular design used in Buddhist meditation to represent the universe and guide spiritual focus. |
| what is energy? (Science) | The ability to do work or cause change. |
| what is work? (Science) | The transfer of energy when a force is applied over a distance. |
| what is conservation? (Science) | Preventing waste or loss of energy; maintaining energy levels. |
| what is conversion? (Science) | Changing energy from one form to another. |
| what is efficiency? (Science) | The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, usually in %. |
| what is potential energy? (Science) | Stored energy due to an object's position or condition. |
| what is kinetic energy? (Science) | The energy of an object due to its motion. |
| what is solar energy? (Science) | Energy from the sun, usually captured using solar panels. |
| what are fossil fuels? (Science) | Non-renewable energy sources formed from ancient organisms (e.g., coal, oil, gas). |
| what is hydroelectricity? (Science) | Electricity generated by using flowing water to turn turbines. |
| what is wave energy? (Science) | Energy harnessed from the movement of sea waves. |
| what is tidal energy? (Science) | Energy generated by the rise and fall of tides. |
| what is biomass? (Science) | Organic material used as a renewable energy source. |
| what does geothermal mean? (Science) | Energy from the heat inside the Earth. |
| what does nuclear mean? (Science) | Energy released from the nucleus of atoms, often via fission. |
| what forms can energy exist in? (Science) | Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, electrical, nuclear, sound, and light. |
| what formula can energy be calculated in? (Science) | Energy = Force × Distance (E = F × d). |
| what is the principle of conservation of energy? (Science) | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. |
| what is renewable energy? (Science) | Energy from sources that naturally replenish, like solar or wind. |
| what is non-renewable energy? (Science) | Energy from sources that will eventually run out, like coal or oil. |
| what are sources of renewable energy? (Science) | Solar, wind, hydro, tidal, geothermal, and biomass. |
| what are sources of non-renewable energy? (Science) | Coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear fuels. |
| how is sustainable energy produced? (Science) | By using renewable resources and minimizing environmental impact. |
| what are the ethical issues of producing electricity? (Science) | Environmental damage, health risks, and fairness of access. |
| define the term 'marketing'. (Business) | The process of promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service. |
| explain the concept of target markets. (Business) | A specific group of consumers a product is aimed at. |
| what is a marketing mix? (Business) | The combination of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion (4Ps). |
| explain a product life cycle. (Business) | Stages a product goes through: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. |
| outline a range of factors that impact on the selling price of goods and services. (Business) | Costs, competition, demand, target market, and brand value. |
| outline the various elements of the promotion mix. (Business) | Advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling, and direct marketing. |
| how do you appreciate the powerful influence that marketing has on consumers? (Business) | It shapes preferences, creates awareness, and influences buying decisions. |
| identify different types of advertising and advertising media. (Business) | TV, radio, online, print, social media, outdoor, and influencer marketing. |
| what are the 4Ps? (Business) | Product, Price, Place, Promotion. |
| what is advertising? (Business) | A paid form of communication to promote products or services. |
| what is the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA)? (Business) | The body that regulates advertising to ensure it's legal, decent, and honest. |
| what is a brand? (Business) | A name, symbol, or design that identifies and differentiates a product. |
| what is a channel of distribution? (Business) | The path a product takes from producer to consumer. |
| what is competitive advertising? (Business) | Advertising that compares a brand with its competitors. |
| what is competitive pricing? (Business) | Setting prices based on what competitors charge. |
| what is cost-plus pricing? (Business) | Adding a markup to the cost to determine the selling price. |
| what is generic advertising? (Business) | Advertising that promotes a product category rather than a brand. |
| what is informative advertising? (Business) | Provides facts about a product to educate consumers. |
| what is market segmentation? (Business) | Dividing a market into groups with similar characteristics. |
| what is marketing? (Business) | The action of promoting and selling products or services. |
| what is a marketing mix? (Business) | The set of tactics used to market a product (Product, Price, Place, Promotion). |
| what is media? (Business) | Channels of communication, like TV, radio, internet, and print. |
| what is a nice market? (Business) | A small, specific segment of a larger market. |
| what is peak load pricing? (Business) | Higher prices during times of high demand. |
| what is penetration pricing? (Business) | Setting a low price to enter a competitive market. |
| what is persuasive advertising? (Business) | Aims to convince consumers to buy a product. |
| what is place? (Business) | Where and how a product is distributed and sold. |
| what is premium pricing? (Business) | Charging a high price to reflect exclusivity or quality. |
| what is price? (Business) | The amount of money customers pay for a product or service. |
| what is a product? (Business) | An item or service offered to meet consumer needs. |
| what is a product life cycle? (Business) | The stages of a product: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. |
| what is promotion? (Business) | Activities to inform and persuade customers to buy. |
| what is a promotion mix? (Business) | The blend of promotional tools used by a business. |
| what is psychological pricing? (Business) | Pricing that affects consumer perception, e.g., £9.99 instead of £10. |
| what are public relations? (Business) | Managing a brand’s image and building relationships with the public. |
| what is reminder advertising? (Business) | Reminds customers about an existing product. |
| what is social media? (Business) | Digital platforms for sharing content and engaging with audiences. |
| what is sponsorship? (Business) | Providing support (usually money) in return for brand exposure. |
| what is a target market? (Business) | The specific group of people a product is aimed at. |
| what is a unique selling point (USP)? (Business) | What makes a product different or better than competitors. |
| ceathrar (Irish) | four people / a group of four |
| greannmhar (Irish) | funny / humorous |
| cantalach (Irish) | cranky / grumpy |
| fial (Irish) | generous |
| méadar agus ocht gceintiméadar (Irish) | one metre and eight centimetres |
| iarsmalann (Irish) | museum |
| grauaig catach (Irish) | curly hair |
| cumhachtach (Irish) | powerful |
| áilleacht (Irish) | beauty |
| diabhal scéil (Irish) | not a word / nothing to tell (literally “devil a story”) |
| grámhar (Irish) | loving / affectionate |
| suimiúil (Irish) | interesting |
| craiceáilte (Irish) | crazy / wild |
| ár gcairde (Irish) | our friends |
| teachtaireacht (Irish) | message |
| cineálta (Irish) | kind |
| teaghlach (Irish) | family |
| páiste aonair (Irish) | only child |
| ceanndána (Irish) | stubborn / headstrong |
| cúthaileach (Irish) | shy / timid |
| define the term 'market research'. (Business) | The process of gathering, analysing, and interpreting information about a market, customers, and competitors to support business decisions. |
| what are the benefits of carrying out market research? (Business) | Helps identify customer needs, reduce risks, spot market trends, improve products, and guide marketing decisions. |
| what is the difference between field research and desk research? (Business) | Field research collects new, firsthand data; desk research uses existing data gathered by others. |
| what are the advantages of desk research? (Business) | Quick, cheap, easily available, and good for gaining background information. |
| what are the disadvantages of desk research? (Business) | May be outdated, inaccurate, or not specific to the business’s needs. |
| what are the advantages of field research? (Business) | Up-to-date, specific to the business, and gives firsthand insights into customer opinions. |
| what are the disadvantages of field research? (Business) | Time-consuming, expensive, and can be difficult to carry out. |
| how do you conduct market research? (Business) | Define objectives → choose methods → collect data → analyse findings → draw conclusions → take action. |
| how do you analyse the results of market research? (Business) | Organise data, identify patterns or trends, compare with objectives, and interpret what the data means. |
| how do you interpret market research findings? (Business) | Turn data into insights about customer behaviour, preferences, and market opportunities. |
| how do you communicate market research findings? (Business) | Present results in reports, charts, or presentations that are clear and tailored to the audience. |
| what is a bar chart? (Business) | A graph that uses rectangular bars to compare quantities or categories. |
| what is desk research? (Business) | Research using existing secondary data, such as reports, statistics, or articles. |
| what is field research? (Business) | Research that involves collecting new, original data directly from the source. |
| what is a focus group? (Business) | A small group discussion used to gather opinions and attitudes about a product or idea. |
| what is an observation? (Business) | Watching how people behave to gather information about their actions or habits. |
| what is an online survey? (Business) | A questionnaire distributed electronically to collect responses from people online. |
| what is a personal interview? (Business) | A face-to-face conversation used to collect detailed qualitative information. |
| what is a pie chart? (Business) | A circular chart divided into slices showing proportions of a whole. |
| what is a postal survey? (Business) | A questionnaire sent through the mail for people to complete and return. |
| what is primary research? (Business) | Data collected firsthand for a specific purpose by the business. |
| what is sampling? (Business) | Selecting a small group from a larger population to represent the whole. |
| what is secondary research? (Business) | Using information that has already been collected by others. |
| what is a survey? (Business) | A method of collecting information by asking people questions. |
| what is a target market? (Business) | The specific group of customers a business aims its products and marketing at. |
| what is a telephone survey? (Business) | A survey conducted over the phone to collect responses quickly. |
| what is speed equal to? (Maths) | distance over time |
| what is distance equal to? (Maths) | distance over speed |
| what is time equal to? (Maths) | speed x time |
| library (Irish) | leabharlann |
| canteen (Irish) | ceaintín |
| computer room (Irish) | seomra ríomhairí |
| toilet (Irish) | leathras |
| science lab (Irish) | saotharlann |
| music room (Irish) | seomra ceoil |
| woodwork room (Irish) | seomra adhmadóireachta |
| staff room (Irish) | seomra foirne |
| art room (Irish) | seomra ealaíne |
| sports hall (Irish) | halla spóirt |
| reception (Irish) | oifig rúnaí |
| yard (Irish) | clós |
| language workshop (Irish) | teanglann |
| playing fields (Irish) | parceanna imeartha |
| who wrote Jeaic ar Scoil? (Irish) | Dairena Ní Chinnéide |
| describe German word order. (German) | German word order: Main clauses keep the conjugated verb in second position. Subordinate clauses send verbs to the end. Extra details follow Time–Manner–Place. Separable prefixes land at the end. |
| without (Maths) | \ |
| how do you find the midpoint of a line segment? (Maths) | if (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) are two points, their midpoint is given by the formula: midpoint = (x1+x2 / 2; y1+y2 / 2) or in words: add the x coordinates together and the y's together, then divide by 2 |
| how do you find the end point of a line if the midpoint and one end are given? (Maths) | find the difference that happens between the first end and the middle and add that difference to find the remaining end |
| how do you find the distance between two points? (Maths) | distance = the square root of (x2-x1)^2 + (y2 - y1)^2 |
| how do you find the equation of a line? (Maths) | example: containing (2, -3) with slope 3: y + 3 = 3(x − 2) → y = 3x − 9. |
| how do you change the subject of a formula? (or in other words; how do you express a part of a sum on it's own)? (Maths) | isolate the desired value by taking bits away from it; if it's a fraction, multiply to remove that fraction and vice versa. also use addition and subtraction; remember, what you do to one side, do to both |
| what is the symbol for a light/lamp? (Science) | (in text form) —(✦)— |
| what is the symbol for a buzzer? (Science) | (in text form) —(🔔)— |
| what is the symbol for an ammeter? (Science) | (in text form) —(A)— |
| what is the symbol for a voltmeter? (Science) | (in text form) —(V)— |
| what is the symbol for a switch? (Science) | (in text form) —o/ o— (if open; otherwise —o—o—) |
| what is the symbol for a cell? (Science) | (in text form) — ||— |
| what is the symbol for a battery? (Science) | (in text form) —| |—| |— (multiple cells, seperated with dashes) |
| what is the symbol for a motor? (Science) | (in text form) —(M)— |
| what is the symbol for a variable resistor? (Science) | (in text form) —//↗//— |
| what is the symbol for a resistor? (Science) | (in text form) —///— |
| how do you find a slope? (Maths) | slope = y2-y1 / x2 -x1 |
| what is the sea? (Geography) | A large body of saltwater connected to an ocean and partly enclosed by land. |
| what are waves? (Geography) | Movements of water caused mainly by wind transferring energy to the sea surface. |
| what is swash? (Geography) | The movement of water rushing up the beach after a wave breaks. |
| what is backwash? (Geography) | The movement of water flowing back down the beach toward the sea. |
| what is a constructive wave? (Geography) | A low, gentle wave with strong swash that builds up the beach by depositing material. |
| what is destructive wave? (Geography) | A tall, powerful wave with strong backwash that erodes the beach. |
| what are the processes of erosion? (Geography) | Hydraulic action, abrasion, solution, and attrition. |
| what is hydraulic action? (Geography) | The power of waves forcing air and water into cracks, breaking rock apart. |
| what is abrasion? (Geography) | When waves throw sand, pebbles, and stones against the coastline, wearing it away. |
| what is solution? (Geography) | When certain rocks (e.g., limestone) are dissolved by seawater. |
| what is attrition? (Geography) | When rocks and pebbles collide with each other and break into smaller, smoother pieces. |
| what are the landforms of sea erosion? (Geography) | Cliffs, wave-cut platforms, headlands, bays, sea caves, arches, stacks, and stumps. |
| what is a cliff? (Geography) | A steep rock face along the coast formed by erosion. |
| what is wave-cut platform? (Geography) | A flat, rock surface at the base of a cliff, revealed at low tide, created by erosion. |
| what is a headland? (Geography) | A piece of hard rock that sticks out into the sea. |
| what is a bay? (Geography) | An inward curve of the coastline, usually formed in softer rock. |
| what is a stump? (Geography) | The small, eroded remains of a collapsed sea stack. |
| what is a sea stack? (Geography) | A tall pillar of rock left standing after the collapse of a sea arch. |
| what is blowhole? (Geography) | A hole in the roof of a sea cave where water is blasted upward by wave pressure. |
| what is sea cave? (Geography) | A hollow opening at the base of a cliff formed by erosion. |
| what is sea arch? (Geography) | An arch-shaped opening formed when a sea cave breaks through a headland. |
| what is longshore drift? (Geography) | The transportation of sediment along the coast by waves approaching at an angle. |
| what are the landforms of sea deposition? (Geography) | Beaches, sandbars, lagoons, sand spits, and tombolos. |
| what is a lagoon? (Geography) | A shallow body of water separated from the sea by sand or a sandbar. |
| what is a sandbar? (Geography) | A ridge of sand built up offshore by wave action. |
| what is a sand spit? (Geography) | A long, narrow ridge of sand extending from the coast, formed by longshore drift. |
| what is a tombolo? (Geography) | A sand or shingle bar that connects an island to the mainland. |
| what is coastal protection? (Geography) | Methods used to reduce coastal erosion and protect land from the sea. |
| what are sea walls? (Geography) | Concrete barriers built along the coast to reflect and block wave energy. |
| what is rock armour? (Geography) | Large boulders placed along the shore to absorb wave power. |
| what are groynes? (Geography) | Wooden or stone barriers built at right angles to the beach to trap sand. |
| what are gabions? (Geography) | Wire cages filled with rocks, used to protect the coastline from erosion. |
| what is how do people interact with the sea? (Geography) | Through transport, fishing, tourism, recreation, energy production, and coastal settlement. |
| to take (German) | nehmen |
| he takes (German) | er nimmt |
| the street (German) | die Straße |
| left (German) | links |
| right (German) | rechts |
| to cross (German) | überqueren |
| along the river (German) | den Fluss entlang |
| past the church (German) | an der Kirche vorbei |
| up to the traffic lights (German) | bis zur Ampel |
| crossroads (German) | die Kreuzung |
| straight ahead (German) | geradeaus |
| to the left/right (German) | nach links/rechts |
| over the bridge (German) | über die Brücke |
| around the corner (German) | um die Ecke |
| to turn (German) | abbiegen (seperable) |
| it is situated (German) | es liegt |
| between (German) | zwischen |
| the left/right hand side (German) | auf der linken/rechten Seite |
| the church (German) | die Kirche |
| the cathedral (German) | der Dom / die Kathedrale |
| the post office (German) | die Post |
| the bank (German) | die Bank |
| the roundabout (German) | der Kreisverkehr |
| off (German) | ab |
| die Metzgerei (German) | the butcher’s |
| die Jungendherberge (German) | the youth hostel |
| das Rathaus (German) | the town hall |
| das Schloss (German) | the castle / palace |
| die Konditorei (German) | the cake shop / patisserie |
| die Tansktelle (German) | the petrol/gas station |
| der Hauptbahnhof (German) | the main train station |
| die Apotheke (German) | the pharmacy |
| der Dom (German) | the cathedral |
| der Flughafen (German) | the airport |
| die Eisdiele (German) | the ice-cream shop |
| der Schnellimbiss (German) | the snack bar |
| sights (German) | Sehenswürdigkeiten |
| presents (German) | Geschenke |
| young people (German) | Jungendliche |
| view (German) | besichtigen |
| visit (German) | besuchen |
| tram (German) | Strassenbahn |
| commuter train (German) | S-Bahn |
| underground (German) | U-Bahn |
| spree/trip/stroll (German) | bummel |
Created by:
floaty_potato