What is relative deprivation?

Feeling worse off compared to others around you

What is a subculture?

A smaller group within a larger society that shares its own unique values and norms

What is marginalisation?

When a person or group is pushed to the edge of society, making them feel excluded, ignored, or powerless.

What is greater exclusion?

A situation where people are even more isolated or left out of important parts of society, like jobs

What is late modernity?

A time period in society (starting from the late 20th century) where life is constantly changing due to fast technological, social, and cultural developments

What does Left Realism recognise about crime?

crime is concentrated in the inner-city and sink housing estates.

What does Left Realism see as the three origins of crime?

subculture relative deprivation marginalisation

What do Lea and Young argue leads to feelings of relative deprivation?

frustration from the disparity between expectations and the reality of lifestyle

What do surveillance theories look at?

the methods by which surveillance is carried out.

What was the set up in the Panopticon?

prisoners’ cells are visible to the guards from a central viewing point (e.g. a watchtower) but prisoners cannot see the guards.

According to Foucault, how are we controlled in modern society?

Through self-surveillance, where individuals regulate their behaviour due to the feeling of being constantly watched.

How does the design of the Panopticon encourage good behaviour?

Prisoners behave well because they don’t know if they’re being watched and act as if they always are.

What is the Synopticon (Mathiesen)?

where everybody watches everybody.

What is an example of the Synopticon?

motorists and cyclists can monitor the behaviour of others by using dashboard or helmet cameras. This may warn other road users that they are under surveillance and result in them exercising self-discipline.

someone who calculates the risk of certain events happening.

What do Feeley and Simon say about actuarial justice?

They see actuarial justice as a new form of surveillance. Its aim is to prevent future offending. It uses statistical information to reduce crime by compiling profiles of likely offenders.

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7 Criminology unit 2

Question	Answer
What does Left Realism see crime as?	the responsibility of society
What is relative deprivation?	Feeling worse off compared to others around you
What is a subculture?	A smaller group within a larger society that shares its own unique values and norms
What is marginalisation?	When a person or group is pushed to the edge of society, making them feel excluded, ignored, or powerless.
What is greater exclusion?	A situation where people are even more isolated or left out of important parts of society, like jobs
What is late modernity?	A time period in society (starting from the late 20th century) where life is constantly changing due to fast technological, social, and cultural developments
What does Left Realism focus on as well as offenders?	The victims
What does Left Realism recognise about crime?	crime is concentrated in the inner-city and sink housing estates.
What does Left Realism see as the three origins of crime?	subculture relative deprivation marginalisation
What do Lea and Young argue leads to feelings of relative deprivation?	frustration from the disparity between expectations and the reality of lifestyle
What do surveillance theories look at?	the methods by which surveillance is carried out.
What was the set up in the Panopticon?	prisoners’ cells are visible to the guards from a central viewing point (e.g. a watchtower) but prisoners cannot see the guards.
According to Foucault, how are we controlled in modern society?	Through self-surveillance, where individuals regulate their behaviour due to the feeling of being constantly watched.
How does the design of the Panopticon encourage good behaviour?	Prisoners behave well because they don’t know if they’re being watched and act as if they always are.
What is the Synopticon (Mathiesen)?	where everybody watches everybody.
What is an example of the Synopticon?	motorists and cyclists can monitor the behaviour of others by using dashboard or helmet cameras. This may warn other road users that they are under surveillance and result in them exercising self-discipline.
What is an actuary?	someone who calculates the risk of certain events happening.
What do Feeley and Simon say about actuarial justice?	They see actuarial justice as a new form of surveillance. Its aim is to prevent future offending. It uses statistical information to reduce crime by compiling profiles of likely offenders.

Created by: Cabezablanca

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