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Psyc Exam 2 F
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are genes? | are parts of our DNA that influence how we look, think, and feel. They are passed down from our parents. |
| We should be aware of epigenetics because | provides a mechanism by which the effects of childhood trauma, poverty, or malnutrition may last a lifetime |
| What is temperament? | A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity; apparent from first weeks of life and generally persists into adulthood |
| Is temperament primarily genetic or environmental? | genetic |
| Be able to describe the basics of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection | Variation, Competition, Survival of the fittest, Inheritance, Evolution |
| The transmission of shared knowledge, customs and traditions across generations is an indication of: | B. culture |
| human ovum or sperm (unfertilized cell) contains: | 23 Chromosomes |
| People living in a culture that promotes individualism are more likely to experience more ________ than people in collectivist cultures. | C. personal freedom |
| What are the biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes? | A. genes |
| Regarding Piaget’s theory, what is preoperational stages | Kids can use language but can't think logically yet. They don't understand concepts like conservation (the idea that quantity stays the same even if appearance changes) or reversibility (things can go back to their original state). |
| What is concrete stages? | Kids start thinking logically about real-world events. They can understand conservation, simple math, and how things can change without changing their amount. |
| What are the four parenting styles discussed in the textbook? | Authoritarian, Permissive, Negligent, Authoritative |
| What is preconventional morality? | Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards. EX: “If you steal the medicine, you will go to jail.” |
| What is conventional morality? | Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order. EX: “We are supposed to take care of our loved ones, so you should steal the drug.” |
| What is postconventional morality? | Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles. EX: “People have a right to live.” |
| In Piaget's theory, a schema is: | C. mental representation of the world |
| _______________ refers to people's ideas about their own and others' mental states; that is, how feelings, perceptions, or thoughts might predict behavior. D. accommodation | C. theory of mind |
| If a pregnant woman experiences chronic and extreme stress, the stress hormones flooding her body may damage the developing fetus. In this situation, the mother's stress hormones are most clearly acting as: | teratogens |
| What is heritability? | The proportion of variation amond individuals that can be attributed to genes |
| Which type of twins come from a single fertilized egg | Identical |
| What does epigenetics study? | how the environment can affect gene expressions without changing DNA |
| What is the principle of natural selection? | traits that enhance survival and reproductio are more likely to be passed to future generations |
| What is relation aggression? | aggression that is aimed at harming someone's relationships or social standing |
| What are gender roles? | Socially expected behaviors for males and females |
| What are Piaget's four stages of coginitive development in order? | Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, formal operational |
| What does the "schema" refer in Piaget's theory? | a mental framework used to organize and interpret information |
| What is a teratogen? | An agent such as a drug or virus that can harm a fetus furing prenatal development |
| What is the major psychosocial task of adolescence, according to Erikeson? | Identity vs. Role Confusion |
Created by:
vanessahdz