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Chapter 7 Milady
Basics of chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What term applies to all living things and those things that were once alive | Organic |
| Gasoline, synthetic fibers plastic and pesticides are all considered organic because they are manufactured from | Natural gas and oil |
| Metals, minerals, water, air, and ammonia are all examples of ________substances | Inorganic |
| Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element | Carbon |
| Which of the following is defined as anything that occupy space( volume )and has mass (weight?) | Matter |
| there are 118 different elements known to science today how many of these are naturally occurring to on earth | 98 |
| Which of the following are the basic building blocks of all matter? | Atoms |
| _________ is the most common element found in the known universe | Hydrogen |
| An example of an elemental molecule is | The oxygen in air |
| As the basic unit of matter, _________ cannot be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means | Atoms |
| rusting iron and burning wood are examples of a change in what type of properties | Chemical |
| what chemical compound can exist in all three states of matter depending on it’s temperatures | Water |
| an example of physical change is | Ice melting to water |
| in hair lightening processes what substances oxidizes the melanin pigment in hair , leaving the hair a lighter color ? | Hydrogen peroxide |
| an example of a chemical change is | The oxidation of hair color products |
| __________refers to either loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen | Reduction |
| when using a permanent wave neutralizer, _________ | Hair is oxidized by removing hydrogen |
| when oxygen is combined with a substance , the substance is _________ | Oxidized |
| oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously and referred to as ___________reaction | Redox |
| what type of chemical reaction requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to actually occur | Endothermic |
| which of the following is an example of a pure substance | Aluminum foil |
| __________ also known as alkalis, are compounds of hydrogen, a metal, and oxygen | Bases |
| what color do acids turn blue litmus papers | Red |
| A_______ is a stable uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid liquid or gaseous substance in another substance | Solution |
| Which of the following allows oil and water to mix or emulsify by reducing surface tension | Surfactant |
| an example of a water and oil emulsion is | Cold cream |
| ________ our examples of emulsions used in barbering services | Shampoos and conditioners |
| a _________ is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another | Emulsion |
| A _______ charged ion is called an anion | negatively |
| The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and alkaline__________ solutions | Water-based |
| What does a pH below seven indicate | And acidic solution |
| The letter is PH denote _______ which is the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance | Potential hydrogen |
| Nonaqueous solutions such as alcohol or oil do not have | PH |
| What is the average pH for hair and skin? | Five |
| Acidic solutions tend to___ the hair | Harden |
| Acid balanced, shampoos and normalizing lotions associated with hydroxide hair, relaxers work to create what type of reaction | Acid alkaline neutralization |
| What common cationic ingredient is used in dandruff shampoos | quatenary ammonium compound |
| What type of shampoos are mild formulation designed to prevent stripping of hair color from the hair? | pH balanced |
| _____________ shampoos are formulated to make the hair smooth and shiny and to avoid damaging chemically treated hair | Conditioning |
| An example of an instant conditioner is a______ | Detangling rinse |
| Which of the following are chemical compounds that attract and retain moisture from the atmosphere? | Humectants |
| What products are used to stimulate the surface circulation of the scalp remove loose dandruff or to impart manageability shine and control of the hair | Hair tonics |
| Which of the following remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle? | Epilators |
| Styling needs typically consist of polymer and resin formulations that are designed to give the hair body and texture. An example is. | Mousses |
| Astringents may have an alcohol content of up to what percentage | 35% |
| Moisturizing creams are designed to treat____________ | Dryness |
| Among the possible ingredients in wrinkle treatment creams are hormones and | collagen |
| concentrated protein conditioners are used to | increase the tensile strength of the hair |
| A __________ is a stable uniform mixture of two or more mixable substances that is made by dissolving a solid liquid or gaseous substance in another substance | |
| which of the following allows oil and water to mix or modified by reducing surface tension | |
| an example of a water in oil emulsion is | |
| _________ are examples of emulsions used in barbering services | |
| _______ is a suspension of one liquid dispersed in another | |
| A________ charged ion is called an anion | |
| The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in acidic and________ solutions |
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