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The Exeptional Child

Ch. 3

QuestionAnswer
Culture A complex system of underlying beliefs, attitudes, and actions that shapes the thoughts and behaviors of a group of people, distinguishing them from other groups (Nieto & Bode, 2012). Culture is passed from generation to generation
Values cultural elements deemed most important by a society
Dominant culture the culture of those in power in the US
Values Individualism vs. interdependence Collectivist society
Language Importance of concepts is reflected in language
Macroculture Overarching cultural aspects of a society (i.e., “American”)
Microculture Subgroups having distinguishing characteristics within a society (e.g., socioeconomic status, language, dialect, values)
Socioeconomic status Term used to refer to educational and income levels that may define some microcultures
Ethnicity refers to a shared pattern of characteristics such as cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, and language.
Knowledge construction process (the way in which a particular framework is used to develop, approve, and disseminate new information) is not generally studied in school
Field independence Analytical Focus on specifics, less on context Learn best in discrete, incremental steps
Field sensitivity Holistic approach Focus on broader concepts before details Learn best through hands-on, authentic tasks
Academic challenges Field-sensitive students may perform poorly on lessons that focus on step-by-step analytical thinking
Behavior challenges Students may be punished for behaviors that are culturally based Students may feel alienated and isolated
Disproportionate representation: percentage of students of color placed in special and gifted education varies significantly from percentage of these students in general population
 

 



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