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Quantities Physics
Highschool Level - All answers are one or more quantities (Volume, Temp, etc.)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Level of disorder in a system | Entropy |
| Boltzmann Constant times the Natural Logarithm of the number of Microstates in a System | Entropy |
| SI unit of Joules per Kelvin | Entropy |
| Denoted S | Entropy |
| Sackur-Tetrode Equation is used to find this in an monoatomic ideal gas (+ solves the Gibbs paradox) | Entropy |
| The two quantities held constant in the Carnot cycle | Entropy and Temperature |
| Hypothetically, Maxwell's Demon would decrease this | Entropy |
| The Second Law of Thermodynamics shows that in an isolated system, this cannot decrease. | Entropy |
| Thermodynamic equilibrium occurs when this is maximized | Entropy |
| Trouton's rule relates this to 10.5 times the ideal gas constant for liquids | Entropy |
| The Principle of Minimum Energy states that a closed system approaches a minimum value when external parameters and this quantity are constant | Entropy |
| Originally defined by Rudolf Clausius | Entropy |
| Its change is zero for an adibatic step (+reversible process) | Entropy |
| Von Neumman type of this quantity in statistical physics denoted rho | Entropy |
| Fluctuation theorem states that there is always a chance for this to decrease | Entropy |
| Isotopes of Helium have a negative value for this quantity when fusion occurs | Entropy |
| Claude Shannon type of this quantity in information theory | Entropy |
| Change in this quantity is found by integrating supplied heat divided by temperature | Entropy |
| Rheometers measure this | Viscosity |
| SI unit of Pascal-second/Pascal times seconds | Viscosity |
| Denoted eta or mu | Viscosity |
| Issac Newton stated this times the velocity gradient in the perpendicular direction equals shear stress | Viscosity |
| A variable in non-Newtonian fluids | Viscosity |
| Sutherland's formula calculates this for an ideal gas | Viscosity |
| Hershcel-Bulkely and Bingham models is used to graph is quantity | Viscosity |
| A fluid's resistance to flow | Viscosity |
| The Reynolds Number is equal to inertial forces divided by this quanity | Viscosity |
| In thixotropic materials, this decreases over time when shear stress is constant | Viscosity |
| In dilatant materials, this increases as the shear rate increases | Viscosity |
| Constant for a Newtonian fluid | Viscosity |
| The Prandtl Number is equal to this quantity divided by thermal diffusivity (+Schmidt number) | Viscosity |
| The Grashof number is buoyancy divided by this | Viscosity |
| Measured with a Zahn cup to find efflux time | Viscosity |
| Stoke's law multiplies this by 6 pi times radius times velocity to find the friction exerted on a sphere | Viscosity |
| In rheotropic materials, this increases over time as shearing forces are applied | Viscosity |
| Trouton’s Ratio is the extensional type of this divided by the shear type | Viscosity |
| Kinematic type of this is found by dividing its dynamic type by density | Viscosity |
| When this and heat conduction equals zero, the Navier-Stokes equations simplify to Euler's equations | Viscosity |
| OK, so, basically, Kolmogorov microstates/length scale = buzz turbulence or this quantity | Viscosity |
| Causes the splitting of spectral lines in the Zeeman effect | Magnetic field |
| SI units of Teslas for B-fields and Amperes for H-fields | Magnetic field |
| Gauss's law states the divergence and surface integral of this is always zero | Magnetic field |
| The Hall effect is the creation of a potential difference when this is applied to current, perpendicularly | Magnetic field |
| Biot-Savart law is used to find the strength of this (when produced by a steady current) | Magnetic field |
| SQUIDs measure the strength of this | Magnetic field |
| Josephson junctions are used to measure small values of this | Magnetic field |
| Equal to the curl of vector potential | Magnetic field |
| The quantum of this is the inverse of the Josephson constant | Magnetic field |
| Vaccuum permeability times number of turns times current gives this for a solenoid | Magnetic field |
| Its strength is increased inside the loops of solenoids | Magnetic field |
| Denoted B | Magnetic field |
| Faraday's law describes how this interacts with an electric current to produce an electromotive force | Magnetic field |
| Vaccum permeability is the constant for the permeability of this quanitiy in a vacuum | Magnetic field |
| CGS units of Gauss for B-fields and Oersted for H-fields | Magnetic field |
| Multiplied by velocity to find the Lorentz force | Magnetic field |
| Faraday effect is an induced type of this affecting the polarization of light | Magnetic field |
| Meissner effect is the expulsion of this from a superconductor when below the critical temperature | Magnetic field |
| Ampere's law relates the integral of this around a closed loop to the current passing through said loop | Magnetic field |
| Angle of repose is the angle where an object can overcome this force | Friction |
| Archard equation states the work done by this is proportional to the volume of removed debris caused by it | Friction |
| SI unit of Newtons | Friction |
| Its coefficient and force is measured by a tribometer | Friction |
| Dry form of this is described by Amonton's First , Amonton's Second and Coulomb's Law of Friction | Friction |
| Asperities are responsible for this | Friction |
| Stribeck curve quantifies how this changes non-linearly with contact load (+plotted against the Hersey number) | Friction |
| This is studied by tribologists (+Tribology is the study of this) | Friction |
| The force resisting relative motion of surfaces sliding against each other | Friction |
| Darcy-Weisbach equation relates this to the loss of pressure in a pipe | Friction |
| This is plotted against Reynolds numbers in a Moody chart | Friction |
| Tomlinson model approximates this on an atomic scale with this thing's "parameter" | Friction |
| Triboelectric effect is when this causes a buildup of electrostatic charge | Friction |
| Amontons' First Law states its directly proportional to the applied load | Friction |
| Amontons' Second Law states its independent of contact area | Friction |
| Coulomb's Law of [This Quantity] states the kinetic form of this is independent of sliding velocity | Friction |
| Dynamic/Chandrasekhar form of this occurs between moving bodies in space | Friction |
| This thing's "factor" equals 64 divided by the Reynolds number (+Describes laminar flow) | Friction |
| This thing's coefficient is equal to its force divided by the normal force | Friction |
| Its force is denoted f or Ff | Friction |
| Its coefficient is denoted mu | Friction |
| SI unit of Pascals / Newtons per Sqaure metre | Pressure |
| The negative gradient of this quantity is featured in the Navier-Stokes equation | Pressure |
| Fugacity divided by this equals the fugacity coefficient | Pressure |
| Barometer, Bourdon Gauge, Diaphragm ________ Gauge, Manometer, Micro Manometer, Piezometer, Aneroid Wafers all measure this | Pressure |
| Pascal’s principle states that any change in this is equal everywhere in a confined fluid | Pressure |
| Clausius-Clapeyron equation relates the ratio of these two quantities to the slope of a coexistence curve | Pressure and Temperature |
| Magnitude of the Poynting vector divided by the speed of light gives the radiation form of this | Pressure |
| Bernoulli's principle states this quantity decreases as a fluid's speed increases | Pressure |
| The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area | Pressure |
| SAP unit of atmospheres | Pressure |
| Manometric units of centimeter of water and millimeter of Mercury | Pressure |
| Denoted P or p | Pressure |
| Bernoulli's Equation is density times gravity times height equals this | Pressure |
| For an Ideal gas, it equals the number of moles times temperature times the ideal gas constant, all divided by volume. | Pressure |
| Multiplied by volume in the ideal gas law | Pressure |
| Hypsometric equation relates thickness to the natural log of the ratio between 2 values of this | Pressure |
| Work done by a gas equals this multiplied by the change in volume | Pressure |
| The change in this is equal to density times gravity times the change in height | Pressure |
| The radiation type of this scales as the fourth power of temperature | Pressure |
| The average kinetic energy in an ideal gas is three halves of Boltzmann's constant times this | Temperature |
| Denoted with Degrees + Measurement type | Temperature |
| SI unit of Kelvin | Temperature |
| Stars are typically classified by this (No, not color) | Temperature |
| units of Rankine | Temperature |
| Wien's law states the wavelength corresponding to the maximum intensity of radiation emitted by a black body is inversely proportional to this | Temperature |
| Peltier effect describes the change in this at a junction of two conductors | Temperature |
| Two-thirds the Boltzmann constant times the average kinetic energy gives this for a gas | Temperature |
| A system in population inversion will have a negative value for this | Temperature |
| Efficiency of a Carnot cycle is one minus the ratio of two values for this | Temperature |
| Arrhenius equation gives the dependence of rate constants on this (No idea what this means :D) | Temperature |
| surface gravity over two pi finds this for a black hole | Temperature |
| Stefan-Boltzmann law states this to the fourth power is the total energy radiated by a blackbody | Temperature |
| Yang-Mills Theory about this thing's "gap" is apart of a Millennium Prize Problem | Mass |
| SI unit of kilograms | Mass |
| Denoted m | Mass |
| Transverse and longitudinal forms | Mass |
| Proportional to an event horizon's surface area in black holes | Entropy |
| No-hair theorem states a black hole can be characterized by these three quantites | Charge, Angular Momentum, and Mass |
| Komar form of this | Mass |
| Relativistic form found by dividing the energy in a system by the speed of light square | Mass |
| This raised to the 3.5 power equals Luminosity | Mass |
| Virtual particles are off this quantites "shell" as they appear to violate conservation laws | Mass |
| Since neutrino has a non-zero value for this, they have flavors | Mass |
| Spontaneous symmetry break generates this quanitiy for certain particles | Mass |
| Effective value for this quantity that be positive or negative | Mass |
| Binding energy of a nucleus is this quantity's defect | Mass |
| The reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of two values of this give its reduced form, symbolized mu | Mass |
| Denoted E | Electric Field |
| SI units of Newtons per Coulomb and volts per meter | Electric Field |
| Causes the splitting of spectral lines in the Stark effect | Electric Field |
| Faraday’s law of induction - The curl of this quantity is equal to the negative time derivative of the magnetic field | Electric Field |
| The cross product of these two quantities give the Poynting vector | Electric and Magnetic (Auxiliary or H) Field |
| Gauss' Law - The divergence of this quantity is the charge density over permittivity | Electric Field |
| Always zero inside a conducting sphere by the shell theorem | Electric Field |
| Added to the product of velocity and the maganetic field in the Lorentz force formula | Electric Field |
| This divided by the speed of light appears in the first row and column of the Faraday tensor | Electric Field |
| Inversely proportional to distance cubed, for a dipole | Electric Field |
| Denoted I (Uppercase) | Moment of Inertia |
| SI units of kilogram metre squared (kg*m^2) | Moment of Inertia |
| Rotational analogue of mass | Moment of Inertia |
| Dzhanibekov effect/Intermediate axis theorem/Tennis racket theorem - Three different values of this quantity creates instability along the interediate axis | Moment of Inertia |
| Steiner's theorem/Parallel axis theorem is used to find this | Moment of Inertia |
| Symmetric 3 by 3 rank-two tensors are used to find the "principal" values of this | Moment of Inertia |
| Euler's buckling equation is pi squared times Young's modulus times this quantity's "area" form | Moment of Inertia |
| Stretch/Routh's Rule - This does not change when an object is deformed along an axis | Moment of Inertia |
| The square root of this quantity over mass yields an object's radius of gyration | Moment of Inertia |
| Poinsot’s Construct depicts a rigid body with free rotational motion free of this quantity | Torque |
| Rotational analogue of force | Torque |
| SI units of Newtons per meter | Torque |
| Denoted tau | Torque |
| Euler's equations for a rigid body - Inertia matrix times angular accleration plus angular velocity times the product of the inertia matrix times angular velocity equals this | Torque |
| The spin-transfer type of this is equal to the cross product of the dipole moment and the electriv field, for an electric dipole | Torque |
Created by:
Book Horse