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Psy 203 Ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When does the greatest increase in height and weight occur | during the first year of life |
| What is the principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body? | cephalocaudal |
| Which principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward. | proximodistal |
| What principle means that we develop visual abilities (located in the head) well before we master the ability to walk (closer to the end of the body)? | cephalocaudal |
| What principle refers to the trunk of the body growing before the extremities of the arms and legs? | proximodistal |
| What is the principle that different body systems grow at different rates? | principle of the independence of systems |
| The basic nerve cell of the nervous system is called | neuron |
| The gap at the connection between neurons, through which neurons chemically communicate with one another, is called | synapse |
| Communication with other neurons is done by means of _________ that travel across the small gaps called ________. | neurotransmitters; synapses |
| The elimination of neurons as the result of nonuse or lack of stimulation is called | synaptic pruning |
| _________ is the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience | Plasticity |
| What is a specific, but limited, time usually early in an organism’s life, during which the organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences relating to some particular facet of development | sensitive period |
| Waking, eating, sleeping, and elimination are important parts of a baby’s | rhythms |
| What is the term for the degree of awareness an infant displays to both internal and external stimulation | state |
| A baby demonstrates behaviors of both wakefulness and sleep; there is generalized motor activity; the baby’s eyes may be closed, or they may open and close rapidly. What is the term for this state, which occurs when the baby is awakening | sleep-wake transition |
| What is the term for the period of sleep that is found in older children and adults and is associated with dreaming | rapid eye movement (REM) |
| As we age, the proportion of REM sleep _________ as the proportion of non-REM sleep________. | increases; declines |
| SIDS strikes about __________ infants in the U.S. each year. | 1 in 1,000 |
| The American Academy of Pediatrics now suggests that babies sleep on their backs rather than on their sides or stomachs to prevent | SIDS |
| What is the leading cause of death of children under the age of 1 year? | SIDS |
| Which of the following is NOT an explanation as to why a newborn’s body lacks easy mobility? | babies cannot get enough nourishment to increase their strength |
| What is the term for unlearned, unorganized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli | reflexes |
| What is the term for the reflex in which the neonate tends to turn its head toward things that touch its cheek | rooting |
| What is the possible function of the Moro reflex in infants? | similar to primates’ protection from falling |
| By the age of ____ months, babies can move themselves in different directions. | 6 |
| All but which of the following constitute four general aspects of infants’ behavior, as measured by the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale? | response to the mother |
| The condition of having an improper amount and balance of nutrients is called | malnutrition |
| When a child has some deficiency in his/her diet, this is called __________. | undernutrition |
| What is definition of obesity | 20% over the average for a given height |
| Breast feeding an infant for the first 12 months of life is the preferred method by child-care experts for all of the reasons below EXCEPT | breast milk is cheaper than store-bought formula. |
| At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians suggest that babies can start eating solid food? | 6 months |
| The developmental researcher(s) who conducted the classic study regarding the “visual cliff” was/were ___________. | Gibson & Walk |
| What is the term for the ability to detect sound and pinpoint the direction from which it is emanating? | sound localization |
| Which of the following does an infant demonstrate a preference for through facial expressions? | sweet |
| An infant’s perceptual growth is aided by the infant’s discovery of ___________, which is/are the option(s) that a given situation or stimulus provides. | affordances |
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