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Chapter 6: Protein
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a protein? | Macromolecules composed of monomeric subunits called amino acids |
| What are amino acids? | Simple monomers, composed of the elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. They are the building blocks of protein |
| What are the 4 parts of an amino acid? | A central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain |
| What are the 4 different groups of amino acids? | No polar amino acids, polar amino acids, acidic amino acids, and basic amino acids |
| What are nonessential amino acids? | Amino acids that are made in the human body in sufficient amounts to meet our needs |
| What are essential amino acid? | Amino acids that are not made by the human body and must be obtained from diet |
| What are conditionally essential amino acids? | Amino acids that become essential during certain times in life, such as child growth |
| What is transcription? | Process of copying dna into messenger RNA |
| What is translation? | Process of decoding messenger RNA and synthesizing a protein |
| What is protein folding? | A sequence of amino acids transforms into its dictated shape |
| What are the 4 different structural levels? | Primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure |
| What are the 3 phases of wound healing? | Inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling |
| What is kwashiorkor syndrome? | Sever protein and micronutrient deficiency characterized by swelling of the feet and abdomen, poor skin health, growth retardation, low muscle mass, and liver malfunction. |
| What is marasmus syndrome? | A syndrome of severe protein and energy deficiency characterized by emaciation, poor skin health, and growth retardation |
| What is the RDA for protein in adults per kg of body weight? | 0.8 grams in the diet required to balance the protein that is used up by the body and that is excreted |
| Gastric juices that assist with protein digestion include which of the following? | Hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
| Where does chemical digestion of a protein begin and end? | Begins at the stomach Ends at the small intestine |
| What is protein and energy deficiency? | Marasmus |
| What is protein deficiency? | Kwashiorker |
| What is the process of continually breaking down proteins to build new ones? | Turnover |
| Amino acid profile is considered the primary component of protein quality. What is considered the second most important component? | Digestability |
| What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range for protein is what percent of calories? | 10-35% |
| Name the 3 steps in the process of protein building in the correct order | Transcription, translation, and protein folding |
| What method will not alter the functional shape of a protein? | Mixing in a blender |
| Which foods are a complete protein? | Egg, poultry, fish, milk, quinoa, and soy |
| Which foods are an incomplete protein? | Lentils, rice, corn |
| To make a complete protein, what is it called when you combine foods containing all of the essential amino acids? | Complementary foods |
| Define which foods go with each type of vegetarian | Eats dairy- lacto vegetarian Eats eggs- vegetarian No eggs, no dairy, or any animal product- vegan Eats eggs and dairy- lacto ovo vegetarian |
| Which foods with the highest protein digestibility corrected amino acid score and a ranking of one? | Milk protein, egg whites, whey protein, and soy protein |
| Hydrophobic | Non polar |
| Negatively charged | Acidic |
| Hydrophilic | Polar |
| Positively charged | Basic |
| What structural level is correct? | Protein- quaternary structure Alpha helix- secondary structure Amino acid- primary structure Peptide- tertiary structure Beta sheet- secondary structure |
| Which nutrient takes the longest time to digest in the stomach? | Fat Protein Carbohydrate |
| The protein digestibility corrected amino acid score used to determine a food protein? | Quality |
| What is nitrogen balance? | Protein input-protein used and nitrogen excreted |
| How many grams of protein per day does an adult weighing 200lbs need? | 70 grams |
| Which population is sacropenia a higher risk? | Older adults |
| Identify whether the term is an amino acid or protein | Amino acid- alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, tryptophan Protein-keratin, elastin |
| Bonds connecting amino acids to make proteins are which type of bonds? | Peptide bonds |
| What does protein deficiency cause? | Muscle wasting, fatigue, skin problems, swelling |
| What is not a characteristic of collagen? | Provides structure to the skin |
| What are amino acids made up of? | Amino group Carboxylic acid |
| How many grams of protein would fall within the recommended range for an athlete weighing 200lbs? | 130 grams |
| The digestion of protein includes the mechanical action of the stomach, which mixes ingested food with gastric juices to form a chyme. As this mixture leaves the stomach, what is secreted from the pancreas? | Chymotrypsin and trypsin |
| What is the protein secreted by white blood cells to protect against harmful bacteria and viruses? | Antibodies |
| What is the most abundant protein in the human body? | Collagen |
| What is protein folding? | Transforming the amino acid sequence into shape |
| What is translation? | Decoding messenger RNA |
| What is transcription? | Copying DNA into messenger RNA |
| What is released when protein is broken down and amino acids are catabolized? | Ammonia |
| Which of the following factors is caused by denaturation of proteins? | Alcohols, heat, mechanical agitation, acids |
| What acids cannot be synthesized by the body? | Amino acids |
| What acids can be synthesized by the body? | Nonessential amino acids |
Created by:
mthomas1318