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Unit 1:C/D Review
Terms for Chemistry.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Bond | A force that holds 2 or more atoms together |
| Covalent Bonds | Bonds that share valence electrons; Non-Metal to Non-Metals; Can be polar of non-polar; Small to 0 Electronegativity difference; Prefixes; No charges |
| Ionic Bonds | Attraction of oppositely charged particles; Metal to Non-Metal; Large Electronegativity Difference; No prefixes; Charges; ide is an element, ate or ite is a polyatomic ion; |
| Dipole Moments | When one side of a bond has a greater grasp on the shared electrons; Occurs in polar covalent bonds; Occurs in polyatomic ions when there are polar covalent more than two elements |
| Single Bond | One electron shared |
| Double Bond | Two electrons shared |
| Triple Bond | Three electrons shared |
| Polyatomic Ions | Covalently bonded atoms that have added/lost electrons to become stable; -ate or -ite; exceptions cyanide, hydroxide, peroxide |
| Resonance Structures | Polyatomic structures that have multiple accurate lewis structures |
| Exceptions to the Octet rule | Less than 8: H(2), Be(2), B(6); Greater than 8: P, S, Se, Te, Xe |
| VSPER Model | Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion; The shape of a lewis structure of a polyatomic bond; Linear, Bent, Trigonal Planar, Tetrahedral, Trigonal Pyramid |
| INTRAmolecular forces | Inside the compound; Covalent and Ionic bonds |
| INTERmolecular Forces (IMF) | The attraction between molecules |
| Interionic | IMF; Between Metals and Non-Metals; High melting and boiling point; Strongest IMF; Crystalline Structures |
| Hydrogen Bonding | IMF; Between a Hydrogen to N,O, or F; Very strong Dipole-Dipole; High Melting and Boiling Point; Second Strongest IMF |
| Dipole-Dipole | IMF; Between Polar molecules to other polar molecules; Lower Melting and Boiling points; Third strongest IMF |
| London Dispersion | IMF; Non-Polar to Non-Polar; Found in all molecules; Becomes stronger with more electrons; EXTREMELY low melting and boiling points; Weakest IMF |
| Alkanes | Saturated Hydrocarbon; Single bond between carbons; CxHx+2 |
| Alkenes | Double bond between carbons; Most important Alkyl group; CxHx |
| Alkynes | Triple bond between carbons; 2nd most important Alkyl group; CxHx-2 |
| Isomer | Same formula different structure |
| Hybridization | The change of the shape of bonds (Double or triple); S & P orbitals in valence shell |
| Type 1 | Fixed charges; Group 1 (1+), Group 2 (2+), Ag (1+), Zn (2+), Cd (2+), Al (3+) |
| Type 2 | Variable Charges; Cation (Metal) first; Denote charge with roman numerals |
Created by:
cbrock7086
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