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EKG Part 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vital signs | essential measurements that indicate a person's basic physiological functions:temperature, pulse, blood pressure & respiratory rate |
| standard precaution | a set of infection control practices designed to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases in healthcare settings |
| aseptic technique (asepsis) | practices that are designed to avoid the introduction and transfer of microbes |
| HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is a federal law that protects the security and confidentiality of health information |
| PHI | protected health information |
| implied consent | Consent that is not explicitly granted, but rather inferred from a person's actions |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration. It's a US government agency that sets and enforces standards to ensure safe and healthy working conditions |
| CDC | A U.S. federal government agency whose mission is to protect public health by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability |
| HAI | Healthcare associated infection: HAIs are associated with medical devices, complications following surgery, transmission between patients and healthcare workers, antibiotic overuse, and more |
| PPE | "Personal Protective Equipment," which refers to clothing or equipment worn to protect the body from injury or infection caused by hazards like chemicals, electricity, heat, physical impacts, or biological agents in the workplace; common examples include |
| SDS | Safety Data Sheet is a document that contains information about hazardous chemicals, including how to handle them safely. SDSs are important for reducing the risk of injury to people and the environment when working with chemicals. |
| When should equipment be cleaned? | After every patient |
| Korotkoff sound | a series of sounds that occur when blood flows through an artery as a blood pressure cuff is deflated |
| sphygmomanometer | an instrument for measuring blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable rubber cuff which is applied to the arm and connected to a column of mercury next to a graduated scale, enabling the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure b |
| auscultation | the action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs, typically with a stethoscope, as a part of medical diagnosis |
| systolic | the contraction phase of the heart muscle. It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart pumps blood throughout the body |
| diastolic | the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart chambers relax and fill with blood. |
| palpation | a medical examination technique that involves using the hands to feel and assess the body's tissues, organs, and structures |
| tachypnea | abnormally rapid breathing; greater than 20 |
| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing rate. It is defined as a respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute in adults. |
| hypoxia | a condition where there is an inadequate supply of oxygen to the body's tissues; common in patients with respiratory, cardiac and brain injury |
| informed consent | Communication process where a healthcare provider educates a patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a medical treatment or procedure before receiving permission to proceed |
| aphasia or dysphasia | a language disorder that affects a person's ability to understand, speak, read, or write. It occurs due to damage to the brain regions responsible for language processing. |
| normal blood pressure | 120//80 |
| normal heart rate | 60-100 |
| normal respiratory rate | 12-20 |
| normal temperature | 98.6 degrees fahrenheit or 37 degrees celsius |
| febrile | 99.5 degrees fahrenheit |
| hypothermia | a potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the body's core temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius |
| hyperthermia | the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal |
| pulse oximeter | an electronic device that measures the saturation of oxygen carried in your red blood cells |
| What interferes with the pulse oximeter reading? | Nail polish, cold hands, edema |
| capillary refill | a clinical test that measures how quickly blood returns to the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) after pressure is applied; should be less than 2 seconds |
| asthma | chronic lung condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe |
| bronchitis | an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to and from the lungs. It can be caused by a viral or bacterial infection, or by exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or industrial chemicals. |
| pneumonia | an infection of the lungs that causes inflammation and fluid accumulation in the air sacs (alveoli). This can lead to difficulty breathing and other symptoms |
| Effects of low SPO2 | less than 95%; confusion, poor perfusion, anxiety, hypoxia |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung diseases that cause airflow obstruction and breathing problems; retains carbon dioxide; spo2 88-92% |
| Patient Identifiers | Name & Date of Birth-always use 2 |
| OPQRST | OPQRST is a mnemonic used in healthcare to assess pain and other symptoms |
| Onset | When did the symptoms start? |
| Provocation | What activities or factors make the symptoms worse or better? |
| Quality | How would you describe the symptoms (e.g., sharp, dull, burning, throbbing |
| Radiation | Do the symptoms spread to other areas? |
| Severity | How intense are the symptoms (e.g., mild, moderate, severe)? |
| Time | How long have the symptoms been present, and have they changed over time? |
| tachycardia | a condition where the heart beats too fast. It is defined as a resting heart rate of over 100 beats per minute (bpm) in adults |
| bradycardia | a condition in which the heart rate is abnormally slow, typically below 60 beats per minute (bpm) at rest |
| pallor | a pale or whitish appearance of the skin, mucous membranes (such as the lining of the mouth and eyes), or nails. It occurs when there is a reduced amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood |
| syncope | a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the brain |
| diaphoresis | excessive or abnormal sweating |
| shortness of breath | dyspnea, is a feeling of difficulty or discomfort in breathing. It can range from mild to severe and may occur during physical activity, at rest, or even while sleeping |
| nausea | an unpleasant feeling of unease and discomfort in the stomach, often accompanied by an urge to vomit |
| vomiting | the act of forcefully expelling the contents of the stomach through the mouth. |
| SAMPLE | a mnemonic used by first responders and health care providers to gather information about a patient's health. S: Signs and symptoms; A: Allergies; M: Medications; P: Past medical history; L: Last oral intake; E: Events leading to event |
| stress test | a medical examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to stress or exertion. |
| holter monitor | a portable device that records the electrical activity of the heart over an extended period, typically 24 to 48 hours. To detect and diagnose irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that may not be apparent during a standard electrocardiogram (ECG). |
Created by:
dsookdeo