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The type of association in which one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
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The type of association in which the 2 organisms are mutually interdependent and both benefit
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Parasitology Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The type of association in which one benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed | Commensalism |
| The type of association in which the 2 organisms are mutually interdependent and both benefit | Mutualsim |
| The type of association in which the two organisms are just “traveling together”; there is no dependence | Phoresis |
| Another name for a trematode is a | Fluke |
| Fasciola hepatic is an example of a | trematode/fluke |
| Another name for a cestode is a | tapeworm |
| Taenia solium is an example of a | cestode/tapeworm |
| Platyhelminthes are also known as | Flat worms |
| Trematodes/flukes and cestodes/tapeworms are types of | platyhelminthes/flat worms |
| Another name for a nematode is a | roundworm |
| Heartworms, hookworms, ascarids, and whipworms are all types of | roundworms/nematodes |
| Dirofilaria immitis is a species known as the | heartworm |
| True/False: Dracunculus insignis is a type of flatworm. | False.Dracunculus insignis is a type of roundworm/nematode. |
| Giardia lamblia, Leishmaina promastigotes, and Trypanosoma cruzi are all types of | protozoans |
| The louse and flea are both examples of | Arthropods: insects |
| The tick and mite are both examples of | Arthropods: arachnids |
| This type of parasite is one that is physiologically & metabolically dependent on the host | Obligatory parasite |
| This type of parasite is one that establishes a relationship with a host, if there is opportunity | Facultative parasite |
| This type of parasite is found on the outside or on the skin of the host. Examples include ticks, mites, mosquiotes, and horseflies. | Ectoparastie |
| This type of parasite is found within the host. Examples include worms and protozoans | Endoparasite |
| This type of parasite is one that is found in a host other than its normal host | Accidental parasite AKA incidental/aberrant |
| This type of parasite contacts its host only to feed & then leaves. Examples include mosquitoes and horseflies. | Temporary parasite AKA intermittent |
| This type of parasite lives its entire adult stages in/on the host | Permanent parasite |
| This type of host is the one in which the parasite reaches sexual maturity or the one that is most important in the life cycle if no sexual reproduction occurs | Definitive host |
| This type of host is a required host in which some development or asexual reproduction occurs, but sexual maturity does not occur | Intermediate host |
| This type of host is a nonessential host in the life cycle of a parasite that can harbor and maintain immature stages of the parasite. It may provide another source of infection for the definitive host | Paratenic host |
| This type of host is a “living source” of the parasite; not the (definitive) host of primary concern | Reservoir host |
| This type of host is one in which a host that harbors a parasite that normally doesn’t infect it | Accidental host |
| This type of host is one in which an invertebrate host that actively transmits a disease agent from one vertebrate host to another (usually an arthropod) | Vector |
| Oxyuris equi is also known as the | horse pinworm |
| What type of host is the horse for Oxyuris equi? | Definitive host |
| What type of host is the human for Giardia lamblia? What type of host is the beaver? | Definitive hostReservoir host |
| What type of host are the dog and cat for heartworm? What type of host is the mosquito? | Definitive hostIntermediate host and vector |
| What type of host is the dog/puppy for the ascarid toxocara? What type of host is the mouse? What type of host is the human child? | Definitive hostParatenic hostAccidental Host |
| The life story of the parasite’s development, maturation, and transmission is known as the | life cycle |
| This type of life does not require an intermdediate host, therfore it is a one host life cyle | Direct life cyle |
| This type of life cycle includes an intermediate host, therefore its is a multi-host life cycle | Indirect |
| What type of host are the moose and deer for Parelaphostrongylus tenuis? What type of host is the slug? | Definitive hostIntermediate host |
| This is the time between infection with a parasite and when the parasite can be detected in the host via a diagnostic method (e.g., fecal flotation, blood test). | Prepatent period |
| This is the time between the initiation of infection and onset of disease (i.e., clinical signs). | Incubation period |
| True/False: The prepatent period and incubation period are the same thing. | False |
| This is the stage of the parasite that can initiate an infection in the definitive host or the intermediate host | Infective stage |
| Infest or Infect?Endoparasites | Infect |
| Infest or Infect?Ectoparasites | Infest |
| The term for the disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans | Zoonosis |
| The term for an inanimate object that can transmit pathogens from one host to another. Examples include bedding and grooming tools | Fomite |
| The term for the degree to which a parasite is able to mature in more than one host species | Host Specificty |
| The term for the way the parasite gets in; ex. Ingestions, burrowing/penetration, through vector (injection) | Route of Infection |
| This term is defined as where the parasite goes within the host; generally predetermined | Route of migration |
| What three influences effect the way a parasite effects the host? | Parasite numberImmune status of the host (immuno-compromised; age of host)Inherited immunity |
| Generally, the higher the number of parasites,... | the more intense the reaction of the host |
| When it comes to the immune status of the host, the _____ and the _____ are more susceptible to parasites. (as related to age) | very young and rather old |
| The genetic basis for susceptibility or resistance of a host to a parasite | Inherited immunity |
| Possible pathogenesis for parasites on a host include: (List 8) | 1.Failure to thrive2.Mechanical blockage3.Anemia due to lysis of RBCs4.Anemia due to consumption of blood by parasites5.Hypersensitivity reactions6.Tissue changes-neoplasms7.Fibrosis, damage due to parasite migration8.2ndary BacT infection |
| These Arthropods are examples of ______: fleas, lice, flies, and true bugs/bed bugs | Insects |
| These Arthropods are examples of ______:mites, ticks, spiders, scorpions | Arachnids |
| These Arthropods ar examples of ______:copepods, crabs, crayfish | Crustaceans |
| The circulatory system of Arthropods is _____, meaning it is not enclosed in blood vessels. | open |
| The nervouse and excretory systems of Arthropods is ______. | primitive |
| The digestive tract of Arthropods is _______. | complete |
| True/False: Arthropods are dioecious, meaning the males and females appear different. | True |
| Adult Insects have:____ Antennae____ Regions____ Legs____ Wings | 1 pair of antennae3 regions of the body (head, thorax, abdomen)3 pairs of legsOften have wings (fleas/lice-none; flies-1 pair; bees-2 pairs) |
| Adult Arachnids have:____ Antennae____ Regions____ Legs____ Wings | No antennae2 regions (head/thorax combo and abdomen)4 pairs of legs (larva has 3 pairs)No wings |
| What are the stages of the Simple Metamorphosis life cycle? | Egg -> Nymph stages -> Adult |
| How do insects in the nymph stage appear? | The look like mini adults without wings. |
| True/False: Nymphs are sexually mature. | False. Nymphs are sexually immature. |
| True/False: Nymphs and adults are found in the same habitat. | True |
| What are the stages of the Complex Metamorphosis life cycle? | Egg -> Larva -> Pupa -> Adult |
| True/False: All stages in the complex metamorphosis life cycle are found in the same habitat. | False. They are found in different habitats. |
| How do insects in the larval stage appear? What type of stage is this? | They appear worm like.The larval stage is a feeding stage. |
| A large reorganization of tissue occurs during which phase? | Pupal |
| True/False: The pupal stage is a feeding stage. | False. It is a non-feeding stage. |
| Flies, fleas, butterflies, and beatles all have ______ metamorphosis life cycles. | Complex |
| Cockroaches and kissing bugs have ______ metamorphosis life cycles. | Simple |
| What are the stages of the metamorphosis life cycle for ticks and mites? | Egg -> Larva -> Nymph -> Adult |
| What word means "fear of bugs"? | Entomophobia |
| What is myiasis? | infestation of tissue with fly larvae |
| Animals can sense flies nearby and become so nervous/concerned with them that there is a decrease in production. What is this called? | Fly worry |
| A ______ _____ picks up a pathogen from one place and transmits it to another. NO change occurs in/to the pathogen | Mechanical vector |
| A ______ _____ picks up a pathogen, which then multiplies or develops. It is required for the pathogen to survive and be transmitted; pathogen specificty. | Biological vector |
| Cyclodevelopmental is .....An example is the heartworm developing from L1 to L3. | Pathogen development within a vector |
| Propogative is.....Examples include viruses and bacteria | Pathogen multiplication within a vector |
| Cyclopropogative is ....Examples include protozoans | Pathogen development and multiplication within a vector |
| List 5 things involved in Arthropod Control | 1. Environmental manipulation2. Insecticides and acaricides3. Biological control4. Traps5. Individual protection |
| This Order's name means "two-wings" | Diptera |
| What are halteres? | Reduced hind wings used as balancing organs |
| True/False: Most of the members of the Order Diptera are viviparous, but a few are oviparous. | False. Most members are oviparous (egg laying), but a few are viviparous (live young). |
| True/False: The Order Diptera includes the true flies. | True |
| This Dipteran suborder's name means "thread horn" | Nematocera |
| This Dipteran suborder includes small, delicate insects with filamentous antennae | Nematocera |
| Mosquitoes, sand flies, midges, and black flies are all members of what Dipteran suborder? | Nematocera |
| This Dipteran suborder's name means "short horn". | Brachycera |
| This Dipteran suborder includes large flies with 3 segmented antennae, the last of which is annulated. | Brachycera |
| Horse flies and deer flies are members of this Dipteran suborder. | Brachycera |
| This Dipteran suborder's name means "round seam". | Cyclorrapha |
| This Dipteran suborder contains large flies with aristate antennae (bristle/hair). | Cyclorrapha |
| House flies, bot flies, blow flies, and bottles flies are all members of what Dipteran suborder? | Cyclorrapha |
| The Dipteran suborders ______ and _______ have free-living larvae, while the suborder ______ has free-living and parasitic larvae. | Nematocera and BrachyceraCyclorrapha |
| Piercing, cutting, sucking, cutting/sponging, and bayonet- or scissor-like mouthparts are used for _______ _______. | Blood feeding |
| Sponging only or vestigial mouthparts are used for ______ ______. | Non-blood feeding |
| Why do female mosquitoes feed on blood? | The protein in the blood is necessary for egg development. |
| How do male and female mosquitoes differ in their food sources? | Males eat from sugar sources only, while female eat from blood and sugar sources. |
| How do male and female mosquitoes differ in their mouth parts? | Males have hairy/plumose mouthparts, while females have threadlike mouthparts. |
| What is the host spectrum fo mosquitoes? | Warm and cold-blooded animals; many are night-biters |
| What is the water preference for female mostquitoes to lay their eggs? | Quiet |
| What is the site of infestation for mosquitoes? | On the skin |
| These insects transmit Dirofilaria immitis (HW) and encephalitis viruses (WNV). | Mosquitoes |
| What are the three methods of control for mosquitoes? | 1. Remove breeding sites2. Judicious use of insecticides3. Personal protection (DEET, long-sleeved shirts, long pants) |
| What is the public health significance of mosquites and why is it at this level? | Great: they transmit dengue, yellow fever, human malarias, lymphatic filariasis, WNV |
| What are the conversion factors for microscopes with x10 eyepieces?x4 obj=_____x10 obj=_____x40 obj=_____x1000 obj=_____ | x4 obj = 25. microns per unit space/divisionx10 obj = 10 microns....x40 obj = 2.5 microns....x100 obj = 1.0 microns.... |
| What are the conversion for the following into microns?1 mm = ____0.1 mm = _____0.01 mm = _____0.001 mm = _______ | 1 mm = 1,000 microns0.1 mm = 100 microns0.01 mm = 10 mmicrons0.001 mm = 1 micron |
| Are there wings present on mites?How many body regions do they have? | No2 body regions |
| Is Trypanosoma within cells or extracellular?What about Babesia? | Trypanosoma: extracellularBabesia: within cells |
| Are Giardia found in the GI tract or in the blood? | Blood |
| How many body regions are present in ticks?Are there any wings? | 2No wings |
| Simulium = | Black fly |
| Ctenocephalides = | Flea |
| Linognathus = | Louse |
| Sarcoptes = | Mite |
| Demodex = | Mites |
| Trypanosoma = | Hemoflagellate |
| Giardia = | Mucosflagellate |
| Ixodes = | Ticks |
| Fasciola hepatica = | Trematode |
| Dipylidium caninum = | Cestode |
| Identify the parasite:Adults have external suckers and are usually flatEggas are 20-200 microns long, ofter operculated (have lid) and golden to dark brown color, and can contain a ciliated larva | Fasciola hepatica/Trematode |
| Identify the parasite:Adults have a head (scolex) followed by multiplfe flat pseudosegments (proglottids)Some have operculated eggsSome eggs contain embryos that have six chitinous hooksSome eggs contain a pear shaped structure | Diplydium caninum/Cestode |
| Identify parasite:Adults are dioecious and cylinder shapedEggs are 30-100 microns in length, containg a zygote that, dependent on species, can be single cell, multiple cells or L1 when eggs are found in fresh fecesSome passed as L1 outside of eggs | Nematodes |
| A cuticular expansion supported by muscular rays on the posterior end of the Nematode male | Copulatory bursa |
| Found on the anterior end (stoma) of nematodes; used to distingush certain groups | Buccal capsule or cavity |
| Identify the parasite:Eggs can by "bumpy" due to a protein coat; if the coat was removed the egg would be smooth | Nematode |
Created by:
jlbaldwin