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Pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a psychoactive drug? | drugs that modify our thoughts, feelings, perceptions and/or behaviors |
| Drug misuse | taking a prescribed drug in greater amounts, or for purposes other than those prescribed by a physician or dentist |
| Drug abuse | Use of a drug in a manner, amounts, or situations such that the drug causes problems or increases chances of problems occurring (physical, legal, etc.) |
| Drug dependence | after frequent and/or prolonged use of a substance, the person would have difficulty getting along without this substance (physical and psychological) |
| Tolerance | - The reduced effect of a drug after repeated use (need more of it to get same desired effect) - Body’s adaptation to the presence of the drug |
| withdrawal | - Abnormal physical or psychological effects that occur after stopping a drug - Body’s adaptation to the absence of the drug |
| physical dependence, | defined by the presence of both tolerance and withdrawal |
| psychological dependence | Craving Loss of Control of amount or frequency of use Compulsion to use Use despite Consequences |
| Intoxication | Impaired functioning resulting from the immediate psychoactive and physical effects of a drug |
| Overdose | Severe level of intoxication, threatening vital functions of the nervous system Often results in death |
| Cross tolerance | tolerance to one drug results in reduced sensitivity to another drug |
| Four Principles of Psychoactive Drugs | 1.Drugs are not good or bad 2.Every drug has multiple effects 3.Both the size and the quality of a drug’s effect depend on the amount the individual has taken 4.The effects of any drug depend on the individual’s history and expectations |
| Risk Factors | Factors may exist or take place in your clients life that would lead him/her to abuse substances Increase the likelihood of substance abuse |
| Definition of Addiction – including the 4 C’s | cravings, compulsions to use, loss of control and use despite consequences |
| 1. Acute Physiological Toxicity | the physical or psychological “harm” a drug might present to the user immediately or soon after the drug is ingested in the body |
| 2. Acute Behavioural Toxicity | The drug needs to be in one’s body at a given time to experience these effects |
| 3. Chronic Physiological Toxicity | The physical or psychological harm a drug might cause over a long period of use |
| 4. Chronic Behavioural Toxicity | The drug does not have to be in one’s body at a given time to experience these effects |
| Dependence liability (Drug) | Propensity of a drug to produce physical and-or psychological dependence The degree to which a drug increases the likelihood of dependence |
| Protective Factors | Factors in your clients life may exist or be implemented to protect/prevent a client from abusing substances Decrease the likelihood of substance abuse |
| Harm Reduction (Drug Substitution) | Provide different drug that produces similar effects Often from the same drug class Often involves changing route of administration Reduces criminal behaviour Eliminates spread of disease Reduces health care costs Stabilizes lifestyle |
| Harm Reduction (Substitute Route of Administration) | Changes how the drug enters the body Reduces criminal behaviour Eliminates spread of disease Reduces health care costs Stabilizes lifestyle E.g. Inhalation of THC vs. Oral Administration of THC |
| Harm Reduction (Safer Use) | Use of the same drugs, often by the same route of administration, just in a safer way Needle Exchange and Bleach Kits Eliminate spread of disease Involves instruction in use of drugs |
| CNS | Brain Spinal cord |
| PNS | 1. Somatic Nervous System 2. Autonomic Nervous System -Sympathetic - Parasympathetic Brings sensory information from environment to CNS Acts in the environment through motor responses |
| Sympathetic (Flight-or-Flight) | Prepares body for action “Fight or flight” |
| Parasympathetic | Relaxes body “Rest and digest” |
| Basic Steps of the Neurotransmission Process week | electrical impulse (action potential) travels down the axon, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, where they bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, leading to inhibition before being cleared by enzymatic breakdown. |
| Five Categories of Psychoactive Drugs | Chemist/Pharmacologist/pharmacist Psychologist/psychiatrist/addictions counsellor Police officer/lawyer/judge Street-level dealer User/consumer |
| Routes of Administration (oral) | Solid or liquid that is soluble in stomach contents (liquid is absorbed more rapidly) Slow absorption which is dependent upon stomach contents (dilution factor) Most complicated way for drugs to enter bloodstream Examples: pills, alcohol |
| Routes of Administration (Inhalation) | Absorption through lining of the lungs—enters the blood very quickly Highly effective and rapid drug delivery Fastest route of administration More difficult to control dose Many materials are irritating to mucous membranes or lungs |
| Routes of Administration (Injection) | Subcutaneous (“Sub-Q”) Just below the skin Common for beginners Intramuscular Into the muscle Relatively easy/simple Intravenous Into the veins-directly into the bloodstream |
| Routes of Administration (Across Mucous Membranes) | Includes lining of the mouth, eyes, nose, rectum, penis and vagina (moist, highly vascularized areas) Examples: cocaine, chewing tobacco, snuff |
| Routes of Administration (Topical) | Use of a solvent which allows drug to penetrate skin; most like subcutaneous injection Allows slow, steady absorption Examples: nicotine, Fentanyl |
| Insite Documentary | Explores Vancouver’s Insite, North America’s first supervised injection facility, highlighting its comprehensive harm reduction approach, community support services, and the Canadian Supreme Court’s landmark decision upholding its operation. |
| (PNS) Somatic Nervous System (external) | Voluntary responses of skeletal muscles (think “sensory”), e.g. walking Brings information in from the senses (external environment) Somatic = skin, sensory organs and skeletal muscles (SSSS)] |
| (PNS) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (internal) | Involuntary responses of smooth muscles Cardiac muscles = surround heart E.g. shallow breathing, increased heart beat when feeling threatened Involuntary responses most often in response to endocrine system (internal environment) |
| Pharmacokinetics | The administration, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of the drug inside the body (“ADME”) WHAT THE BODY DOES TO THE DRUG |
| Pharmacodynamics | How drugs affect receptor sites, send signals, and cause neurochemical changes WHAT THE DRUG DOES TO THE BODY |
| Jill has been using crack for a few months and is noticing strains on her finances, interpersonal relationships and ability to show up for work. These are all examples of what kind of toxicity? | Lifestyle |
| What type of solubility determines how easily a drug crosses the blood brain barrier? | Lipid |
| The most complicated way for a substance to enter the bloodstream is | Oral (swallowing) |
| The quickest way for a substance to enter the bloodstream is | Inhalation |
| Reinforcement is . | a behavior is followed by a consequence increasing the likelihood of repeating the behavior |
| The 3 primary aspects of drug use that the public has been concerned with include: | toxicity, dependence and crime |
| The body's natural pain killers are ... | Endorphins |
| The Somatic Nervous System monitors the ______ environment, whereas the Autonomic Nervous System monitors the ______ environment. | External - Internal |
Created by:
MichelleRMM