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Physics Test 2
| answer | question |
|---|---|
| the routine, periodic evaluation of an ultrasound system to guarantee optimal image quality | |
| ACR (American college of radiology) | Who accredits the lab? |
| Two (semiannually) | How many times a year does the ACR accredit the labs? |
| True (helpful by heating muscles) | True or false, bioeffects are helpful in therapeutic applications in ultrasound |
| Grayscale, scattering, and attenuation (but test objects do not) | What do TE phantoms check? |
| True | True or false, test objects test the beam profile |
| True | True or false, sonographers can use phantoms |
| Graphite filled aqueous gel or urethane rubber materials which are closest to soft tissue attenuation and propagation speed | What are TE phantoms made of? |
| 1.54 mm/us | What is the propagation speed in gels? |
| gray scale, tissue texture, multifocus, and adjustable focus phased array transducers | What can TE phantoms evaluate? |
| testing of detail and contrast resolutions, penetration (depth), dynamic range, and TGC operation | TE phantoms stimulate tissue properties, allowing for what? |
| False | True or false, test objects stimulate tissue characteristics |
| Flow and gate location | What does doppler test object tests? |
| gas bubbles | What is a disadvantage of TE/Doppler phantoms |
| Hydrophone | What measures output? |
| The membrane is made of PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) | What are hydrophones made out of? |
| Anything that deals with pulse; PRP, PRF, PD, duty factor, amplitude, & intensity | What can a hydrophone measure? |
| Total power in a sound beam (heating) | What does the calorimeter measure? |
| Automated probe tester | How does an individual transducer get tested? |
| Dosimetry | The science of identifying and measuring the characteristics of an ultrasound beam that are relevant to bioeffects |
| "cause and effect" | Mechanistic |
| "exposure and response" | Empirical approach |
| as low as reasonably achievable (low power, low time) | What does ALARA stand for |
| plants | What do they test cavitation on |
| In vivo | What types of tests are within the living body of a plant or animal |
| In virto | What type of tests are performed outside the living body in an artificial environment ie cells outside the body |
| focused | Which is less dangerous, an unfocused beam or a focused beam? |
| 1W/cm2 | No bioeffects have been noted in a focused beam intensities below _____________ |
| 100 mW/cm2 (.1 watt) | No bioeffects is an unfocused beam with intensities below ______________ |
| 0.3 MPa | (MI) No bioeffects with peak rare fractional pressures below ________ |
| absorption (conversion of ultrasound to heat) | What is attenuation primarily due to |
| 2 | Temperature rises are significant if they exceed _____ degrees C |
| bone | What part of the body has highest absorption coefficient |
| 50 | For exposure duration up to _____ hours, there have been no significant bioeffects |
| Cavitation | The production and behavior of bubbles in a liquid medium |
| Stable | What type of cavitation describes bubbles that oscillate in diameter |
| Transient | What type of cavitation describes bubbles that are so large that they collapse |
| MI (mechanical index) | High pressure makes bubbles shrink. Low pressure (rarefraction) bubbles expand and burst |
| at peak rarefraction pressures (high negative pressures) and low frequencies | When does cavitation occur |
| FDA | Who regulates the ultrasound equipment |
| AIUM | Who makes the statements about prudent use of diagnostic ultrasound that benefits outweighs the risk, if any, to be present |
| False (schools are research are okay to use) | Ultrasound should only be used when there is a clinical benefit, true or false? |
| Epidemiology | A branch of medicine that uses population studies |
| Spectral doppler are the highest, then M mode and color doppler, and grayscale outputs are the lowest | What has higher output, spectral doppler or gray scale? |
Created by:
khuffman1103
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