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IRWA
Principles of Engineering 900
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ROW plans | to identify property and value the land |
| Engineering Plans | Graphic language with lines, graphics and charts and symbols |
| 3 view concept | plan, side and end |
| plan view (looking down on plan) Birds Eye view (looking down on it) | length and width - see stationing |
| side view (Profile view) | height and length of |
| end view | same as cross section |
| How can you know your project on the plans? | the dark and bold line and stands out. |
| little trees triangles | wetlands |
| bold sold line | center of project - work proposed to be done |
| light dashed lines on plans - dashed lines on | existing |
| what does the north arrow do for the project? | orient centerline |
| symbols/legend | pictures |
| Plan scale direction | this is horizontal - don't measure along the upward trail go up and then over. |
| Determined based on the Detail to be shown and the Size of the Plan Sheet | ? |
| Measuring tape | same as a hand tape |
| 1" for the 10 scale | equals 10 feet or 100 feet whatever the scale says |
| 20 scale - how much is 1" | 20 feet or whatever the scale says. one inch lands at the 2. |
| meter | 3.2808 or 39.37 inches |
| foot in meters | 0.3248 meter |
| 1 hectare | |
| Stationing reading | from left to right, west to east and south to north |
| strainght line | tangent |
| how far apart are stations marked out | 100' |
| How is the numbering done on stations? | starting at the left 1, 2, 3, 4... |
| If there is a hatch mark between stations what is that? | intermediate points 50 ' in between stations expressed 1 + 50 or 3 + 50 etc. this says I have gone 50' from the station. |
| How do you express distance from the station | 1+70 etc. |
| how do you use stations with an engineer? | The blue house is station 3+60 |
| 4 directions when it comes to the center line | Ahead, back, left and right |
| centerline | established control and controls the project |
| If there is the station plus a number what does that mean? | distance from the station |
| 1 mile | 5280 feet |
| Are stations ever negative? | no, always positive |
| Intermediate points are called | Plus |
| Directions | back ,ahead, left, right |
| station equation | E W road and N S road intersect. Where they intersect there will be a station equation. use the equation for each point since there are two different points. (this is used on the older plans) |
| How do you tell where upstation is? | the numbers of the stations are going up. |
| How many feet are in a rod? | 16.5 |
| Offsets | points not on the center line |
| examples of offsets | fences, trees, ditches, utility poles (anything not on the center line) |
| what measurement are at the top of the handtape | hundreths of thousands of |
| handtape and 10 scale match exactly t or f? | true |
| what does a fence look like on the plans? | dashed line with X in between dashes. |
| PI | Point of Intersection where two lines collide |
| What does a triangle symbol mean? | Delta Angle measure the degrees between tangent (lines) |
| what are straight lines called | tangents |
| arcs | a portion of the circle |
| simple curve | continuous radius |
| PC | point of curvature - you leaving the tangent |
| PT | you are on the curve and entering the tangent |
| compound curve | 2 adjacent simple curves each having different radius, turning in the same direction |
| reverse curve | two simple curves going in opposite directions |
| poc | point on curve |
| pcc | compound curve |
| what is the only view where you see contour lines | on the Plan view |
| what do close contour lines depict? | steep slope |
| what do far apart contour lines show? | flat line |
| what happens when contour lines cross water | they point uphill or upstream |
| How are contours labled? | about every 5th contour is bold and marked they are called index contours |
| what are darker contour lines called | index contour |
| what do contour lines do? | they show the shape and the slope of the land, show ditches |
| what happens when you go from one contour to another? | you gain or subtract elevation. |
| what does hatching contour tell us/ | we are going to a hole |
| what view do we see the north arrow | only the plan view |
| birds-eye view | plan view |
| Profile view | side view, shows what is above and below, shows crest top of hill, shows sags, curves, and straight grade lines connecting them |
| what plan shows length and height elevations? | Profile or side view |
| Datum | used as a basis for calculating or measuring. It is the beginning reference elevation, such as mean sea level. It is the basis for plan elevations. |
| What ties the plans together? | The stations |
| Bench Mark | Point of known elevation, used for vertical control of project |
| where do you find Datum? | in the specs or survey pages in your plans |
| how are grading % done and when | every 100 feet (between stations) changes . 6+% is significant |
| what does 100 feet look like | about 33 steps, 1/3 football field |
| sag | curve at the bottom of a hill |
| crest | curve at the top of the hill |
| PVC | point of vertical curve |
| PVI | Point of Vertical Intersection |
| Plan view | top of paper |
| Profile view | on bottom of paper plans |
| Cross Section Plan | end, Perpendicular to centerline, in ahead direction, this is left and right of centerline, shows the cuts and fills |
| what view shows construction limits? | Cross-section view |
| What view shows ditch elevations | cross-section view |
| What view shows left and right of center line | cross section or end view |
| slopes are where | slopes are the fronts and backs of ditches. |
| Counters centrifugal force | super elevated curve |
| title sheet | incl name of responsible agency, indiv for person who prepared, location, type and length, id number, index sheet, north arrow, table, utilities, and scale |
| what if you don't have a scale? | you know stations are 100 feet apart. use this to get scale |
| why should you verify scale? | because if you copy and scale down, the scale changes |
| general summary plans | provides listing of total quantities of all materials. It is used to prepare cost estimates and bids. |
| general notes | clarify construction details and provide instructions and information not presentable in graphic form. |
| what plan is an exaggerated scale | profile view |
| row plans | tell us what we need to buy - private property for a public purpose |
| title sheets | id number, location, limits, participating agencies |
| maps | show owners name, like a tax map |
| difference between datum and benchmark | DATUM - based on sea level, then this is used to create a bench mark |
| When we look at our plans and our measuring scale, it is level true or false | true it is level |
| how do we read stations | from left to right |
| when do we use an architect scale? | 10ths of feet on terrain and land and inches on bridges on buildings |
| ovaltine decoder ring | tangents and arcs |
| pcc | different radii, point of compound curve |
| good book for legal discription | Wattels, how to write land descriptions |
| all bearing are measured how? | off of North South access |
| are parcel and tract words interchangable | yes |
| what is the purpose of a property discription? | describe a unique piece of land |
| Jefferson, Lincoln and Washington all had what? | experience in surveying |
| Caption/Preamble of description | Identifies a general area - generic area. |
| body of description | unique description to specific tract |
| reservations | areas or right reserved or excluded- mineral rights, life estates, easements, water rights, access rights, air rights, I am selling you this but I want to hold on to this one thing. |
| exceptions | like a road right of way |
| Sometimes legal descriptions don't consider everything like access. | if a property is split in 2 there may be no access to north half of property. This is where you consider intent. |
| sf in an acre | 43560 |
| hectare | 0.4047 or about 2 1/2 acres |
| How many land survey systems are there and what are they based on? | 35 based on the map of meridians |
| what system does the colonial states use? | Rectangle metes and bonds |
| Initial Point of Contact | 1 pt for ea system. since a property description must have a pt of beginning, the orig surveyors located a substantial landmark for ea. or the 35 systems. The I.P. is uxually not in the systmes center, is marked, with a monument at a specific pt |
| what are initial points referenced by | latitude and longitude |
| baseline | the east - west axis of each system was intended to be a true parallel of latitude through the initial point |
| meridian | goes through the baseline |
| quadrangle | 4 X 4 townships as a whole (24*24 = 576 sq miles), formed by standard parallels and guide meridians. S E & W boundary lines are 24 miles long while the N boundary is 24 miles, less the convergence of the guide meridians ove rthe 24 mi. |
| Principle Meridin | the true north south axis of each system was intended to be a true meridian through the initial point |
| correction line | every 24 miles |
| Standard Parallel | Additional east-west parallels of latitude running parallel to the base line at 24-mile intervals, north and south of the base line. At times, referred to the correction lines. |
| how many miles are in a township | 6 miles |
| Guide meridians | Series of due north lines on each b aseline and standard parallel, at 24-mile intervals, east and west of Principal Meridian. True meridians converge to the N, similar to seams on a basketball. Guide meridians help to avoid effects of convergence. |
| What are the primary system unit? | Townships |
| How much is each township? | 6 sq miles or 36 miles |
| How are township tiers numbered? | North and south of the base line and ranges are numbered east and west of the principal meridian. |
| What plan is called the birds-eys view | plan view |
| what view shows alignment of the road and is defined with horizontal tangents | plan view |
| what view is the distance shown as level | plan view |
| how many acres are in a section | 640 |
| circumforter | surveyors compass that measures angles |
| what is chain used for? | distance |
| how long is the chain | 66 ft |
| 10 sq chains = what? | an acre |
| tellers | used on a chain to tell how far you are. |
| 1 link on a chain length | 7.92" |
| arrows | used to mark 1 chains |
| every 10 chains | called an out |
| what is used now instead of chains? | beams |
| USPLSS | United States Public Surveying System, made by Thomas Jeffereson |
| how are multiple parcels separated | with commas |
| 36 sq miles = what? | a township |
| what are the indiv miles inside a township called | sections |
| rod, perch, pole al the same thing? | yes |
| how many chains are in a mile? | 80 |
| how long is a chain | 66 feet |
| how many rods are in a chain | 4 X 16.5 = 66 |
| 2 types of monuments | natural and artificial |
| types of natural monuments | rivers, ridge lines, |
| artificial monuments | fences, pillars, posts |
| what is the biggest problem with artificial monuments | They lack permanency |
| State plane coordenats | shape of whole area, |
| quadangle in miles | 576 sq miles |
| In a township how many sections are there | 36 |
| how are the areas devided from large to small | Quadrangel, township, section then aliqot parts |
| how many acres are a section | 640 acres |
| state Plane coordinates | northings Y and Eastings X, considers shape of earth, good for long distances |
| metes and bounds | measurements and boundaris of a parcel |
| metes | direction |
| bounds | call to the ajoiner to a river or creek or bridge read left to right like a normal sentence. |
| azimuths | entire 360 degrees based off true north |
| what do you need to use metes and bounds? | a known point |
| POB | point of beginning |
| tpob | true point of beginning this is when you have 2 pob you call one the true point of beginning. |
| How do you plot metes and bounds, where do you start | clockwise and it must close |
| what does a ; mean in metes in bounds? | stand alone thoughts. |
| what is the point of commencement | where you are starting with a known point you can find you true project beginning from there. |
| 1 rod = how many chains | 1/4 chain |
| P.O.C. | Point of commencement |
| calls | Metes and bounds each statement, separated by ";" and thence |
| truth north | based apon on the north pole or the north star |
| magnetic north | indicated by compass, points to magnetic north pole, |
| magnetic declination | angle between true north and magnetic north |
| magnetic declination - does it vary | yes with location |
| how do you find the north star | find the big dipper, bottom of the dipper away from the handle, draw line out and it points to Polaris (North Star) |
| datum north | bearings established by previous survey or map |
| what is local magnetic attraction cased by | conditions in the local area |
| 3 norths | true, magnetic, and datum |
| what is another word for direction | bearing |
| statement of area | describes where the area is. sf, acres, hectares. whatever we are buying. |
| Centerline descriptions recorded? | MUST BE define, described, referenced and recorded |
| subdivision | a large land tract, which are divided into smaller units. it is platted and recorded. this is illistrative rather than narrative. |
| What does profile view show | vedrtical aspect of the road, grades, 2 % grade, shows crest, shows sags and curves, and straight grade lines connection them |
| cross sections | cuts, fills, construction limits, ditch elevations, sidewalks, cross slope, drainage features, depth of pavement |
| simple curve | same radius throughout has single arc |
| compound curve | two or more simple curves with different radii bend the same way |
| reverse curve | or s curve, move in different directions, in opposite direction, |
| t | tangent |
| r | radius |
| l | length of arc |
| where are vertical curves shown? | on the profile view |
| We absolutely have to have what | the principal meridian |
| Metes and bonds | Need pob, describe ea line, state the area |
| point of descrip are described how | station and offset. |
| Plan/birds-eye view | L X W Horizontal alignment feature |
| Profile view | L X H Vertical Alignment feature |
| Cross Section/End View | W X H Features with R/W boundary |
| intent | most important part of the description is |
| Initiaalpoint | point in plss systme |
| 43560 SF | ACRE |
| IRREGULLAR | METES AND BOUNDS POINT DESCRIPTION |
| STANDARD SUBDIVISON | ALIQUOT PART |
| LOTS,BLOCKS DESCIT | SUBDIVIISON |
| LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS DESCRIBED BY STATIONS | CENTERLINE |
| In the time of a discrepancy, who makes the call? | Monuments hold over a vesting deed. |
| datam | a vertical control for a project |
| reservation | rights that are retained |
| contours | helps develop the project |
| state plane coordinate system | estings and northings |
| initial point | plss start point beginning point |
Created by:
delorya
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