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KC1
5610 Key Terms Ch. 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Applied behavior analysis (ABA) | The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior. |
| Behaviorism | The philosophy of a science of behavior; there are various forms of behaviorism (methodological behaviorism and radical behaviorism) |
| Determinism | The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in a willy-nilly, accidental fashion. |
| Empiricism | The objective observation of the phenomena of interest; objective observations are ind of the individual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observation and |
| Experiment | A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time (the IV) differs from one condition to another. |
| Experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) | A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner; methodological features include rate of response as a basic DV, repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined response classes, withi |
| Explanatory fiction | A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon, such as “intelligence” or “cognitive aware |
| Functional analysis | A term with 2 meanings in contemporary behavior analysis literature. In its original and most fundamental usage, functional analysis denotes demonstrations of functional relations between environmental variables and behavior. In the context of determi |
| Functional relation | A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment (or group of related experiments) that describes the occurrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment in |
| Hypothetical construct | A presumed but unobserved process or entity. |
| Mentalism | An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental, or “inner” dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all. |
| Methodological behaviorism | A philosophical position view behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science. |
| Parsimony | The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations. |
| Philosophic doubt | An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned. |
| Pragmatism | A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action; pragmatism is a primary criterion by which behavior analysts judge the value of their findings. |
| Radical behaviorism | A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny). |
| Replication | Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity. Repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors |
| Science | A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena (as evidenced by description, prediction, and control) that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its primary rule, experimentation as its basic strategy, replica |
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