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Rhetorical Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| logical fallacy | a mistake in verbal reasoning |
| ad hominem argument | an argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason |
| anaphora | where the same expression is repeated at the beginning of sentences |
| antithesis | a figure of speech involving contradiction of ideas and words |
| asyndeton | the omission of conjunctions between words/phrases |
| chiasmus | parallelism, but the repeated phrase if backwards |
| epistrophe | repeating something at the end of lines or phrases |
| allegory | using character and story elements symbolically to represent an abstaction |
| colloquialism | slang or informality in speech or writing |
| euphemism | less offensive terms for generally unpleasant words or concepts |
| hyperbole | a figure of speech using exaggeration |
| juxaposition | placing dissimilar items, descriptions, or ideas close together or side by side, especially for comparison or contrast |
| point of view: first-person narrator | tells the story with first-person pronouns |
| point of view: third-person narrator | tells the story with third-person pronouns |
| point of view: third-person: omniscient | narrator has godlike knowledge and presents the thoughts and feelings of all characters |
| point of view: third-person: limited omniscient | narrator only presents the thoughts and feelings of one character and others' actions only |
| point of view: author's attitude | when you're asked to analyze an author's point of view |
| repetition | the duplication of any element of language |
| clause | a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb |
| parallelism | the repetition of the structure of words and phrases |
| predicate adjective | a group of adjectives that follow a verb |
| predicate nominative | when a noun or group of nouns renames the subject |
| subject complement | either a predicate adjective or nominative, word or clause following a linking verb |
| subordinate clause | a clause that doesn't express a complete thought and can't stand alone (dependent clause) |
| transition | a word or phrase that links two different ideas |
| active voice | the subject performs the action |
| antecedent | the or phrase that a pronoun refers to |
| loose sentence | a sentence where the independent clause comes first, then dependent clause |
| passive voice | the subject receives the action |
| periodic sentence | a sentence where the independent clause comes after a dependent clause |
| prose | any work of literature that isn't poetry or drama; fiction or non-fiction |
| thesis | a sentence or group of sentences that expresses the author's opinion or claim |
| allusion | a direct or indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known |
| connotation | the suggest and implied meaning of a word |
| denotation | the literal meaning of a word |
| diction | refers to the writer's word choices |
| imagery | the sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions |
| mood | the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work |
| personification | a figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions |
| sumbol | anything that represents or stands for something else |
| symbol: natural | use objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them |
| symbol: conventional | symbols that have been invested with meaning by a group |
| symbol: literary | symbols that are found in a variety of works and are generally recognized |
| genre | the major category into which a literary work fits |
| generic conventions | traditions for each genre |
| rhetorical appeal: logos | employs logical reasoning, combining a clear idea (or multiple ideas) with well-thought-out and appropriate examples and details |
| rhetorical appeal: ehtos | establishes credibility in the speaker |
| rhetorical appeal: pathos | plays on the reader's emotions and interests |
| rhetorical modes: exposition | the purpose is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion |
| rhetorical modes: argumentation | the purpose is to prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, thoughtful discussion , and insightful argument that thoroughly convince the reader |
| rhetorical modes: description | the purpose is to recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture what is being described |
| rhetorical modes: narration | the purpose is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events |
| rhetorical modes: cause and effect | you start with a subject and then show the causes for it, and/or the effects of it |
| rhetorical modes: classification | a subject is identified and broken into parts and sub-parts |
| rhetorical modes: comparison/contrast | show how subjects are alike and/or different |
| rhetorical modes: exemplification | the giving of an example |
| rhetorical modes: defintion | defines a subject in a fuller or more extended way than does a dictionary |
| irony: verbal | the words literally state the opposite of the author's true meaning |
| irony: situational | events turn out the opposite of what was expected |
| irony: dramatic | facts or events that characters don't know but the audience does |
| sarcasm | bitter, caustic language that is meant to hut or ridicule someone or someting |
| satire | a work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions and conventions, for reform or ridicule |
| parody | a work that closely imitates the style or content of another work |
| understatement: litotes | an affirmation is made directly by denying its opposite; for emphasis |
| understatement: meiosis | something is referred to in terms less important than it really deserves |
| wit | intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights |
| alliteration | the repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds |
| aphorism | a short, often witty statement of a principle or a truth about life |
| metaphor | a figure of speech using implied comparison of two seemingly unlike things |
| oxymoron | a figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases |
| polysyndeton | conjunctions are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when they could be removed |
| simile | an explicit comparison using "like" or "as" |
| syllogism | a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them |
| ambiguity | the multiple meanings of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage |
| apostrophe | directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love, or an inanimate object |
| anecdote | a short, narrative account of an amusing, unusual, revealing, or interesting event |
| conceit | a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or a surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar obejcts |
| didactic | instructive; works that have the aim of teaching or instructing, especially moral or ethical principles |
| pedantic | an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish |
| rhetorical | a question that is asked merely for effect and does not expect a reply |
| atmosphere | the emotional mood created by the entirely of a literary work |
| caricature | a representation in which the subject's distinctive features are exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect |
| extended metaphor | a metaphor developed at great length |
| homily | informal "sermon"; a serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice |
| infer | to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented |
| metonymy | "changed label" or "substitutive name", a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it |
| analogy | a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them |
| figurative language | writing or speech that is not intended to carry a literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid |
| figure of speech | a device used to produce figurative language |
| invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive langauage |
| onomatopoeia | a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words |
| paradox | a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense |
| rhetoric | the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively |
| style | an evaluation of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices |
Created by:
masonryl000
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