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AP Unit 1 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Limited Government | The government should have restrictions on what officials have the power to do defined in a Constitution |
| Natural Rights | Idea from John Locke. All people are born with rights of Life, Liberty, and Property. |
| Social Contract | People agree to lay down some freedoms to give power to government in exchange for the government protecting their natural rights |
| Popular Sovereignty | Idea from Rousseau. The power of the government comes only from the people. |
| Republicanism | The people are best represented through elected officials instead of directly making decisions over the government |
| Declaration of Independence | The Americans had a right to create their own nation separate from Great Britain because the British had violated the rights of the colonists instead of protecting them. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first Constitution of the United States where States would retain almost all powers of government and the central government was weak. |
| Shays' Rebellion | A rebellion by farmers against the Massachusetts government due to farmers' property being foreclosed. Exposed taxation and military weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. |
| Constitutional Convention | The meeting of States that would eventually create the current U.S. Constitution |
| Connecticut Compromise / Great Compromise | Congress would be BICAMERAL - Senate would represent states equally and the House of Representatives would represent states according to the size of the populations |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | For population-based representation, people in slavery would only have three-fifths of their numbers counted towards the general state population size. |
| Articles I - III of the Constitution | Describes Congress, the President, and the Supreme Court |
| Article IV of the Constitution | Describes how states are to treat other states |
| Article V of the Constitution | Describes the Amendment Process. Two-Thirds of Congress needs to propose new amendments and Three-Forths of State Legislatures need to ratify the amendments for them to be added to the Constitution. |
| Articles VI of the Constitution | Describes Federal Supremacy over the States |
| Article VII of the Constitution | 9/13 state legislatures must ratify the U.S. Constitution for it to become the new official Constitution |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the Constitution |
| Federalists | Those who wanted the U.S. Constitution ratified. Supported a stronger federal government, a strong executive, and opposed the bill of rights |
| AntiFederalists | Those who opposed the U.S. Constitution's ratification. Supported States having most of the powers of government, feared centralized authority, believed in the need for a bill of rights |
| Federalist 10 main theme | Factions are the most dangerous enemy to republics and only a strong central republic can control the dangers of factions while states would be overwhelmed by factions. |
| Brutus 1 main theme | States are closest to the people and the only governments capable of protecting the people's liberties. A central republic over all the states would be too removed from the people and can't represent diverse interests in effective ways. |
| Federalism | The principle of dividing the power of nation between the national, or federal government, and the several state governments. |
| Pros of Federalism | Decentralizes power, allows states to efficiently solve their own problems, states can better reflect the will of their local populations, states can be "laboratories of democracy" |
| Cons of Federalism | Decentralization can be inefficient during a crisis, some states deal with problems worse than other states, states can be oppressive to minorities populations |
| Supremacy Clause | The US Constitution, laws made from the US Constitution, and treaties are supreme and above any state laws. |
| 10th Amendment | Any powers not stated to go to the federal government are powers that are reserved to the states. Basis of Reserved Powers. |
| Enumerated Powers | Powers stated directly in the US Constitution to be federal powers of Congress. (Ex. included the power to tax, borrow money, declare war, raise and support an army, etc.) |
| Commerce Clause | The power to regulate interstate commerce stated in Article I, section 8, used by the federal government for a variety of powers |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | The power given to Congress to pass any laws needed to carry out their enumerated powers. The basis of Implied Powers. |
| Concurrent Powers | Types of powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments such as the power to tax, create laws, and punish crimes. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court national bank case that created the precedent of implied powers as being supreme above state powers. |
| United States v. Lopez | Supreme Court gun control case that struck down a federal gun law as an overreach of federal power and unconstitutional use of the commerce clause. |
| Full Faith and Credit Clause | States must recognize and legitimize the records, documents, and court proceedings of other states as determined by Congress |
| Cooperative Federalism | A system of Federalism where the federal government and state governments have greater shared responsibilities and duties that blur the line between the two governments. |
| Devolution | A trend since the 1970's of the federal government transferring responsibility for policies to state and local governments |
| Categorical Grants | Federal grants of money given to states that can only be used for specific purposes that come with many federal rules and regulations that states must follow |
| Block Grants | Federal grants of money given to states for broad purposes that have less federal regulations, which allows states to have greater choice in how they spend the money. |
| Unfunded Mandates | Federal rules that states are required to follow that come with no funding, meaning states must used their own tax revenue to carry them out. |
Created by:
jcrawford112