The top layer of soil, also known as topsoil, rich in organic material and nutrients that support plant growth

The layer of soil beneath the A-horizon, often referred to as subsoil, containing minerals leached from the upper layers and less organic matter

The layer of soil composed of weathered rock and minerals that have not yet undergone significant soil formation processes.

The uppermost layer of soil, primarily made up of organic matter such as decomposed leaves and other plant material.

The bedrock layer beneath the soil, consisting of solid rock that has not been weathered into soil.

Unsorted soil and rock debris deposited by glaciers, containing a mixture of particle sizes and types.

A dark, organic material in soil formed from the decomposition of plant and animal matter, essential for soil fertility.

Soil that is rich in organic matter, particularly humus, which enhances its ability to retain moisture and nutrients.

The original rock or sediment from which soil is formed, influencing the soil's characteristics and composition.

The process by which water moves through soil layers, affecting soil moisture and nutrient availability.

The condition in which all the pore spaces in the soil are filled with water, affecting plant growth and soil health.

The process by which water enters and moves through the soil, critical for groundwater recharge and preventing surface runoff.

The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological processes, contributing to soil formation.

The classification of soil based on the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay, influencing its drainage and nutrient-holding capacity.

The process of introducing air into the soil, improving oxygen availability for roots and promoting healthy plant growth.

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Soil

Soil Vocab

	Definition
A Horizon	The top layer of soil, also known as topsoil, rich in organic material and nutrients that support plant growth
B Horizon	The layer of soil beneath the A-horizon, often referred to as subsoil, containing minerals leached from the upper layers and less organic matter
C Horizon	The layer of soil composed of weathered rock and minerals that have not yet undergone significant soil formation processes.
O Horizon	The uppermost layer of soil, primarily made up of organic matter such as decomposed leaves and other plant material.
R Horizon	The bedrock layer beneath the soil, consisting of solid rock that has not been weathered into soil.
Glacial Till	Unsorted soil and rock debris deposited by glaciers, containing a mixture of particle sizes and types.
Humus	A dark, organic material in soil formed from the decomposition of plant and animal matter, essential for soil fertility.
Organic Soil	Soil that is rich in organic matter, particularly humus, which enhances its ability to retain moisture and nutrients.
Parent Material	The original rock or sediment from which soil is formed, influencing the soil's characteristics and composition.
Percolation	The process by which water moves through soil layers, affecting soil moisture and nutrient availability.
Soil Saturation	The condition in which all the pore spaces in the soil are filled with water, affecting plant growth and soil health.
Soil Infiltration	The process by which water enters and moves through the soil, critical for groundwater recharge and preventing surface runoff.
Weathering	The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles through physical, chemical, or biological processes, contributing to soil formation.
Soil Texture	The classification of soil based on the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay, influencing its drainage and nutrient-holding capacity.
Aeration	The process of introducing air into the soil, improving oxygen availability for roots and promoting healthy plant growth.

Created by: tbeaver24

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