A legal claim where the defendant argues that they were not in control of their actions at the time of the offense due to an involuntary, automatic response caused by an external factor.

What are typifications?

generalized profiles or ideas about what a "typical" criminal, crime, or criminal situation looks like.

Middle-class boys who engaged in delinquent acts (e.g., vandalism, truancy) but were seen as "good kids."

Who were the roughnecks?

Working-class boys who engaged in minor delinquency but were labelled as troublemakers.

What did Chambliss find in his study?

Higher social class shielded the boys from the deviant label. The Roughnecks were more likely to continue a cycle of deviance, illustrating the self-fulfilling prophecy of labelling.

What did Chambliss demonstrate?

How societal perceptions of deviance are influenced by class bias rather than the behaviour itself.

What do sociological theories assume?

that a disadvantaged class is the primary cause of crime and that criminal behaviour begins in youth

What is self-defence?

when a person uses force to defend themselves (or someone else)

where the defendant claims that the victim's consent to the actions in question should reduce their criminal liability or the severity of the charge or sentence.

What is loss of control?

when the defendant killed someone after losing self-control due to a qualifying trigger, such as extreme provocation or fear of serious violence.

What is diminished responsibility?

when a defendant can show that their mental condition substantially reduced their ability to understand what they were doing or form a rational judgement

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4 criminology unit 2

Question	Answer
What is the criminal age of responsibility in the UK?	10
What is automatism?	A legal claim where the defendant argues that they were not in control of their actions at the time of the offense due to an involuntary, automatic response caused by an external factor.
What are typifications?	generalized profiles or ideas about what a "typical" criminal, crime, or criminal situation looks like.
Who were the Saints?	Middle-class boys who engaged in delinquent acts (e.g., vandalism, truancy) but were seen as "good kids."
Who were the roughnecks?	Working-class boys who engaged in minor delinquency but were labelled as troublemakers.
What did Chambliss find in his study?	Higher social class shielded the boys from the deviant label. The Roughnecks were more likely to continue a cycle of deviance, illustrating the self-fulfilling prophecy of labelling.
What did Chambliss demonstrate?	How societal perceptions of deviance are influenced by class bias rather than the behaviour itself.
What do sociological theories assume?	that a disadvantaged class is the primary cause of crime and that criminal behaviour begins in youth
1 example of an unfavourable condition that may lead to crime	unemployment
What is self-defence?	when a person uses force to defend themselves (or someone else)
What is consent?	where the defendant claims that the victim's consent to the actions in question should reduce their criminal liability or the severity of the charge or sentence.
What is loss of control?	when the defendant killed someone after losing self-control due to a qualifying trigger, such as extreme provocation or fear of serious violence.
What is diminished responsibility?	when a defendant can show that their mental condition substantially reduced their ability to understand what they were doing or form a rational judgement

Created by: Cabezablanca

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