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mcat physics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| doppler effect | f'(v ± vo )/(v ∓ vs) ; use top signs if going towards, use bottom signs if going away |
| venturi effect | reduction in fluid pressure + increase in velocity when fluid goes thru constricted region |
| dispersion | separation of white light into colors; lower frequencies refract less, higher frequencies refract more |
| reflection | light bounces off surface at the same angle it contacted it (angle of reflection = angle of incidence) |
| refraction | light bends it passes thru a diff. medium (angle of incidence not equal to angle of refraction); index of refraction in air = 1 |
| magnification | M = -di/do; m<1 is shrunk, m>1 is enlarged |
| concave lens | diverging system (small, upright, virtual) |
| convex lens | converging system (real, inverted) |
| positive focal length | converging system |
| negative focal length | diverging system |
| resistors in parallel | 1/Req = 1/r1 + 1/r2 +1/r3... |
| resistors in series | Req = r1 + r2 + r3.... |
| coloumb's law | F = k*(q1q2/r^2) |
| lorentz force | F=qvBsinθ; direction of F (magnetic force) is perpendicular to v and B (magnetic field); work done is always 0 |
| kirchoff's voltage law | sum of all voltage drops around closed loop = 0 |
| kirchoff's current law | current entering junction = current leaving junction |
| mechanical advantage | F out/ F in OR d in/d out |
| voltmeter | connected in parallel to resistors; have a very large resistance to minimize changes to current |
| ammeter | connected in series to resistors; very small resistance |
| circuit elements in parallel | have same voltage drop; Req ↓ if resistor added; Req ↑ if resistor removed |
| circuit elements in series | have same current |
| resistance of object | proportional to length and resistivity; inverse to cross-section area |
| kinetic energy of gas molecule (boltzmann constant) | E = 3/2*K*T |
| state functions | describe when system is in equilibrium ( entropy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, volume, ΔG, density) |
| isothermal process | temp of system doesn't change |
| adiabatic process | no heat exchange between system and surroundings |
| isochoric process | volume of system doesn't change |
| isobaric process | pressure of system doesn't change |
| pressure-volume work | expansion or contraction of gas; Work = Pressure* ΔV |
| conduction | heat transferred thru direct contact (hotter to colder solids) |
| convection | heat transferred thru flow of fluids/gases |
| radiation | heat transferred thru electromagnetic radiation (infrared light) |
| heat capacity | C = m*c ; (mass*specific heat); when work is done, heat capacity ↑ |
| calorimetry eqn | q = CΔT = mcΔT |
| flow rate | Q = (π *r^4*ΔP) / (8*η *L) |
| hydrostatic pressure | P = ρ*g*Δh (density*gravity*height difference) |
| magnification of 2 lens system | M = M1*M2 |
| ideal fluid | no viscosity, no friction, constant density, smooth straight flow |
| snell's law | n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2; n2 = refractive index |
| real image | formed in front of a mirror |
| linearly polarized light | all electric fields oscillate in the same direction |
| unpolarized light | all electric fields oscillate in many directions |
| UV laser | higher frequency = higher refraction |
| infrared laser | lower frequency = lower refraction |
| wave period | T = 1/f |
| ideal lens | produces image (focuses light) onto a single point |
| spherical aberration | lens produce image (focuses light) onto many points |
| specific gravity | density of object/density of water = amnt submerged |
| buoyant force | F = density*volume*gravity; F = weight in air - weight in water |
| longtitudinal waves | oscillate parallel to direction of wave propagation (ie. sound waves); solids + liquids |
| transverse waves | oscillate perpendicular to direction of wave propagation; light waves + waves on string |
| constructive interference | phase difference of 0 or 360 degrees; add waves up = bigger amplitude |
| destructive interference | phase difference of 180 degrees; waves cancel out = smaller amplitude |
| conductive material | outer e- are free to move; electric field = 0 b/c excess charge moves to the surface |
| resistive material | have fixed e- to hinder flow of current |
| first harmonic | always has the longest wavelength = fundamental (lowest) frequency; subsequent harmonics have shorter and shorter wavelengths |
| radio waves | electromagnetic waves that travel thru a vacuum at the speed of light |
| sound waves | mechanical waves that need a medium to travel thru; slower than radio waves; if wall present, some waves are reflected back to source, so observed sound is muffled; loses intensity + gains velocity when going from air to liquid/solid ear |
| refraction thru mediums | when light moves from low index of refraction to high index of refraction, angle of refraction bends closer to the normal line (gets smaller) |
| capacitance for parallel plates | C = (E0 * A)/d |
| focal length | radius of curvature/2 |
| energy of ejected electron | Ee = Ephoton - Ebinding |
| open pipe | L = λ/2 |
| closed pipe | L = λ/4 |
| myopia (nearsighted) | can't see far things; lens bends too much light + image forms in front of retina; corrected w/ diverging lens to shift image away from lens |
| hyperopia (farsighted) | can't see near things; image forms behind retina; corrected w/ converging lens to move image towards lense |
| diffraction pattern | bending of waves around obstacles + thru corners; sin θ = λ/slit width |
| kinetic friction (μk) | when 2 things sliding against each other; μk always less than static friction |
| period of circle | T = distance/velocity |
| refractive index | n=c/v |
| electric field lines | start on pos. end on neg. charge |
| potential energy of electron at rest | PE = qV |
| tesla unit | T= (N*s)/(C*m) |
| magnetic field eqn | F = qvB |
| adding dielectric | increases capacitance + decreases voltage |
| capillary hydrostatic pressure | pushes fluid out of capillaries into interstitial space |
| blood osmotic pressure | P = iMRT; pulls fluid from interstitial space into capillaries |
| inertia | I = mr^2; object at rest stays at rest unless some outside force acts on it |
| slope of velocity time graph | acceleration |
| slope of distance time graph | velocity |
| conductivity | 1/resistivity |
| potential energy in spring | U = 1/2kx^2 |
| spring constant eqn | F =-kx |
| insulator | don't allow current to pass; valence e- are tightly bound + can't move easily |
| conductors | allows current to pass; valence e- not tightly bound + e- can move freely |
| archimides principle | air.weight / (air.weight - water.weight) |
| magnitude of frictional force when stationary | F = mgsinθ |
| kinetic energy of photoelectron | KE = hf-Work |
| pascal's law | for a fully enclosed liquid w/ constant density, the external pressure applied will be evenly distributed thru all the fluid |
| frequency of standing wave | f= nv/2L or f = nv/4L |
| potential energy of spring | PE = 1/2kx^2 |
| total mechanical energy | E = PE + KE |
| conservation of energy | E initial = E final |
| resistance eqn | R = ρ(L/A) |
| Q | volumetric flow rate; m^3/s |
| capacitors in series | 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 |
| capacitors in parallel | Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 |
| total internal reflection | when incidence angle is greater than critical angle; when light travels from a medium with a higher refractive index to one w/ lower refractive index |
| ultrasound frequency | a sound above the range of human hearing |
| centripetal force | F = mv^2/r |
| frequency of a spring | f = 1 / (2π) * √(k / m) |
| blood pressure in diff. parts of body | bp in leg is highest, bp in head is lowest (when standing upright) |
| young's modulus of elasticity | ratio of stress (force) : strain (length) = stiffness |
| laminar flow | flow is fastest in the middle of tube where friction is lowest |
| frequency + tension | f ∝ √T |
| pressure of fluid | P= Patm + ρgh |
| concave mirrors | converge rays to focal point (real image) |
| convex mirrors | diverge rays (virtual image) |
Created by:
reynangu