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AP chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an atom that has the same number of protons (atomic number) as other atoms of the same element but has a different number of neutrons (atomic mass) | isotope |
| states that the closer two charges are, the greater the force between them; in fact, the force increases by a factor of 4 as the distance is halved. | Coulomb's law |
| the sum of the number of protons and neutrons of the nucleus of an atom | mass number |
| a small, positively charged particle, which Rutherford directed at thin, gold foil | cathode |
| a subatomic particle that has no charge and that composes the nucleus of an atom | neutron |
| the number of protons that compose the nucleus of an atom; this number is the same for all atoms of an element. | atomic number |
| a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that composes the nucleus of an atom; the number of these particles determines the identity of an element. | proton |
| an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons | nucleus |
| a subatomic particle that has a negative charge | electron |
| the electrode attached to the negative terminal of a voltage source | anode |
| the electrode attached to the positive terminal of a voltage source | alpha particle |
| This states that mass cannot be created or destroyed during ordinary chemical and physical changes. | law of multiple proportions |
| This states that when two elements combine to form two or more com-pounds, the mass of one element that combines with a given mass of the other is in the ratio of small whole numbers. | law of conservation of mass |
| This states that atoms are the building blocks of all matter. | atomic theory |
| This states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight or mass. | law of definite proportions |
| Which term best describes the "smallest indivisible particle"? | Atomos |
| What are the two main conclusions of Rutherford's Experiment? | The atom is mostly empty space and The atom has a dense positively charged center (nucleus). |
| Which scientist is credited with discovering the neutrally charged neutron located in the nucleus of an atom? | James Chadwick |
| What is J.J. Thomson credited with discovering? | The negatively charged electron |
| What is the name of the scientists who developed the "Plum Pudding" model of the atom? | J.J. Thomson |
| Which of the following was NOT one of the 5 main postulates described in Dalton's atomic theory | Each individual atom of an element has its own unique properties and behaviors. |
| Who disagreed with the views of Democritus and said that all matter was composed of five basic elements; earth, water, air, fire, and aether? | Aristotle |
| Which of the following key points describes Democritus's theory of the atom? | Atoms are indestructible |
| was the first person to come up with the idea of an atom. | democritis |
| what word in greek was used for smallest indivisible particle. | atoms |
| There were really two main parts to Democritus's theory. Atoms are | indvisable and they are also indestrutible. |
| At the same time Democritus lived, there was another popular idea to what matter was made of. This idea was proposed by | aristotle |
| Dalton's idea that atoms are indivisible was held to be true for almost the next 100 years until the work of. | J.J thomson |
| Thomson discovered that the atom could be divided and he discovered a negatively charged part of the atom called the | electron |
| Thomson worked with a device called the ??? This device was a sealed glass container that has two electrodes separated by a vacuum. | Cathode hay Tube |
| In other words, a stream of what?? that would move across the glass tube. | electrons |
| is responsible for the discovery of a positively charged particle of the atom that's called the proton | Ernest Rutherford |
| Rutherford fired alpha particles at a very thin sheet of what??? foil. | gold |
| was responsible for the discovery of the neutron | James Chadwick |
| we know that the neutrons are located in the=e | nucleus |
| what were the 5 basic elements | earth, water, air, fire, aether |
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