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world history review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| naturalism | truth to nature |
| nationalism | pride in nationality |
| vernacular | European languages such as German, Italian, French, and English |
| patron | someone who provides financial support to artists |
| renaissance | cultural rebirth |
| Lorenzo De medici | became known as the magnificent established a ruling dynasty, supported artists, painted Mona Lisa |
| Johannes gutenberg | German Printer, created the printing press during the renaissance |
| Albrecht durer | known as German Leonardo |
| Leonardo da vinci | known as a renaissance man, artist, and many other things |
| michaelangelo | most famous for pieta |
| indulgences | special pardons |
| protestants | people who follow Luther and other protestants |
| liturgy | form of worships protestants were influenced by |
| martin luther | German monk, changed European culture |
| John calvin | calvinists |
| columbus | Italian novelist who voyaged to the Americas |
| pizarro | set off for South America and the gold and silver of Inca |
| caravel | a light ship with triangle sails |
| mercantilism | a system in which gov protects and regulates trade |
| columbian exchange | the creation of regular interchange between the east and west hemispheres |
| balboa | European whose crew crossed through Panama to see the Pacific |
| cortes | launched an invasion of Mexico in 1519 with 500 men |
| circumnavigate | travel all around the world |
| conquistadors | Spanish soldiers and adventurers who led the conquest of the Americas |
| atahualpa | newly appointed Inca emperor who invited Pizarro and his soldiers to a meeting in Peru |
| capitalism | private owned businesses created to make profits |
| northwest passage | a sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific by a series of arctic northern Canadian islands |
| Vasco da gama | explored east and African coast and crossed the Indian ocean providing routes and Indian ocean ports |
| joint stock company | sold shares of stocks to investors who became partners in the ventures |
| dutch east India co | a joint stock company controlling the spice trade |
| olaudah equiano | former African slave wrote a narrative about his life before and after slavery |
| triangular trade | a network correcting Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| Juan Ponce De Leon | first European to step foot in Florida and claim for Spain |
| Francisco Vasquez De coronado | led a two year expedition exploring modern day California |
| middle passage | the journey by slave ships across the atlantic ocean |
| Elizabeth I | supported the church established by her father, Henry VIII |
| James I | took the throne in 1603 clashed with parliament |
| Louis XIV | ascended to the throne at age 5, in 1643, monarch for 72 years |
| Charles I | became emperor at age 16 in 1516 |
| Oliver Cromwell | a puritan and member of parliament organized opposition to the kings forces |
| Absolute Monarchy | gave the king unquestioned, limitless power |
| constitutional monarchy | balanced power between a monarch and parliament |
| orthodoxy | established special beliefs and practices |
| sovereignty | right to own their own affairs |
| divine right | the rights given to a ruler by god |
| prince vladimir | first Christian ruler created the Rus |
| Peter the great | TSar who visited western Europe as a young monarch and returned to Russia in 1697 realizing it fell behind |
| The Rus | russians |
| Ivan IV | took the title Tsar because he considered Russia a continuation of the old Roman empire |
| Catherine The Great | German princess who married into the Romanov family |
| Philosophe | social critic during mid 1700's enlightenment |
| natural rights | rights people are born with like life, liberty, and property |
| Laissez-faire | businesses should regulate activity without government interference |
| tyranny | a state of government in which rulers have unlimited power and use it unfairly |
| social contract | an agreement between rulers and the ruled to cooperate for mutual social benefits in pursuit of an ordered society, defined rights and responsibilities |
| salon | regular social gatherings where women held debates and discussions on enlightenment ideas |
| bourgeoisie | middle class |
| enlightenment despot | absolute rulers who applied certain enlightenment ideas |
| deism | a religious philosophy that supported the idea of natural religion |
| censorship | change or suppress speech or writing |
| Montesquieu | would prevent any individual or group from seizin |
| Locke | English philosopher who helped lay the foundation for enlightenment thought with social contract |
| Rousseau | a Philosopher who believed civilization corrupted peoples natural goodness and destroyed their liberty |
| Voltaire | used satire to poke fun at religious leaders |
| Hobbes | helped lay foundation of enlightened thought with social contract |
| Diderot | contributed articles and topics including natural law, the history of philosophy and social theory |
| estate | social class |
| despotism | oppressive rule by a leader with absolute power |
| constitutionalism | adherence to a system of constitutional government |
| common law | a body of laws determined by courts |
| disenfranchised | without rights |
| status-quo | existing condition |
| nation-state | a state of mostly one nationality |
| propoganda | info used by gov to make people think one way |
| nationalism | belief individuals are bound together by ties of language, culture, history, and religion |
| ideology | basic beliefs |
| Marie Antoinette | married to Louis XVI |
| Frederick the great | Prussian ruler 1740-1786, enlightenment despot |
| Napoleon | young general whose troops captured Italy, he eventually took power |
| Robespierre | former lawyer, leader of Jacobins. won followers from his support of liberty and equal rights |
| Louis XVI | ruled over 24 million French subjects in Versailles, relied on his wife |
| Joseph II | holy Roman emperor of the Habsberg monarchy |
Created by:
rileekay