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Unit 2: Chemistry
Entire unit vocabulary terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas |
| Density | The degree of compactness of a substance. |
| Gas | A form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change only transferred |
| Liquid | A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Melting Point | The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid |
| Solid | Definite shape and volume |
| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up |
| Condensing | The point of phase change when a gas changes into a liquid. |
| Freezing | The point of a phase change when a liquid changes into a solid |
| Vaporizing | The point of a phase change when a liquid changes into a gas |
| Brittle | Easily broken not flexible |
| Conductor | A material that conducts heat well |
| Dissolving | The process of mixing a solute in a solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture |
| Ductile | A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire. |
| Dull | Not shiny or reflective |
| Insulator | A material that does not allow heat or electrons to move through it easily. |
| Luster | The way a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| Malleable | Easy to shape or bend or pound in thin sheets |
| Physical Property | A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance |
| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
| Solvent | A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances |
| solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure |
| solution | A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another. A Homogenous mixture. |
| Chemical Property | Characteristic that cannot be observed without altering the substance |
| Chemical Reaction | The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical reaction that requires energy input, usually as heat |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical reaction in which energy is released to the surroundings as heat |
| acid | Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water pH 0 |
| base | Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. pH 7 |
| pH Level | A measure of the relative amounts of H+ it contains; expressed between 0 and 14. |
| Group | Vertical column in the periodic table |
| Period | A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table |
| Periodic Table | An arrangement of elements in which the elements are separated into groups based on a set of repeating properties |
| Metal | An element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well |
| Metalloid | An element that has some characteristics of both metals and nonmetals |
| Nonmetal | an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly |
| Substances | A particular kind of matter with uniform properties: elements and compounds |
| Compounds | 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| Element | A pure substance made of only one kind of atom |
| Heterogeneous | A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture |
| Homogeneous | A mixture that is uniform in composition; components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished |
| Mixture | Any combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| Atom | Smallest particle of an element |
| Electron | A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the nucleus |
| Nucleus | Center of an atom |
| Proton | A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic symbol | A one, two or three letter abbreviation for an element |
| Mass Number | The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus |
| concentration | A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent |
| Evaporation | Involves separating a solid from a liquid by boiling away the liquid and leaving behind the solid |
| Filtration | The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture |
| Magnetism | Involves separating a substance using the metal property of magnetism. |
| Mechanical | Separation by particle size. If the mixture is made up of large enough particles, or pieces, you can separate them by hand or tool. |
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